CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY

Distinguish Between Cause and Effect To determine causes, ask, "Why did this happen?" To identify effects, ask, "What happened because of this?“ - example of one cause producing one e

CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY

1 Definition

2 Organization

3 Sentence patterns and language

materials

 Causes are the reasons why an event

happened Most events result from a number

of causes, which do not necessary related

In cause paper, just develop only those causes that are closely related in time to the event

It means that you should not cite a cause that happened 12 years earlier

Also beware of false causal relationship

Ex: You should not mention that the cause of your obesity is the hobby of collecting stamps

Countless bills to pay for …

Needs a professional care …

My father’s welfare ……

-> Putting my mother in the nursing home

 Effects are the results of a particular occurrence The effects should be

distinct and separate from one

another Furthermore, the effects

should not be too distant in time, too Example:

Being a Celebrity -> Be under constant

pressure

-> Have no safety

Distinguish Between Cause

and Effect

To determine causes, ask, "Why did this happen?"

To identify effects, ask, "What happened because of this?“

- example of one cause producing one effect:

 CAUSE You are out of gas.

 EFFECT Your car won't start

 CAUSE People clear land for agriculture

by cutting down tree.

 EFFECT The topsoil washes away.

- Sometimes, many causes contribute to a

single effect

- Many effects may result from a single cause

chain of cause and effect

- an effect becomes the cause of another effect - - that effect becomes the cause of still another effect, and so on

Example of a chain reaction:

CAUSE People move into new areas and clear land for

agriculture by cutting down trees.

EFFECT The tree roots no longer hold the soil in place.

CAUSE The tree roots don’t hold the soil in place.

EFFECT The topsoil washes away during heavy rains.

CAUSE The topsoil washes away during heavy rains.

EFFECT There is no good soil to grow crops in.

CAUSE There is no good soil to grow crops in.

EFFECT People move to new areas and clear land by cutting

down trees

HOW TO WRITE

Thesis statement

being developed by cause or by effect It does not have to be persuasive.

- states briefly the causes to be discussed

- key question: “What caused this?”

Ex: Child violence is caused by lack of parental attention, parental abuse and parental immaturity

- states the central idea

- key question: “What effects result from this

cause?”

Ex: Watching violent films has a great impact on the child’s psychological and physiological

condition.

 Warning

* immediate (called direct) causes/effects

Ex: The causes for my fear of the water

- I can not swim (immediate cause)

-My mother had an unreasonable fear of the water (remote cause)

* remote (called indirect) causes/effects

Ex: The effects of watching TV

- More people get eyestrain (immediate effect)

-People get fat (remote effect)

 Organization

* spend one body paragraph on each

of the causes/effects

- this paragraph provides

explanation, facts … any evidences

that show how it contributes to the

effect

- this paragraph provides explanation that shows the relationship between the cause and the effect.

 * the body paragraphs can be arranged:

- order of importance (the most important last)

- order of interest (less interesting to more interesting)

- order of familiarity (obvious to less obvious)

- order of time (Chronological order) Details are arranged in the order in which the events occurred

- categorical: details are arranged by dividing the topic into parts

or categories

factors: exhaust gases from cars, uncontrolled

factory releases, and burning of low-quality coal for heating.

Body:

P1: Exhausts Gases From Car

A government does not have enough control

B citizens are not conscientious

P2 Uncontrolled Factory Gases

A no regular checks on gases released

B factories are inside the borders of residential areas

P3 Burning of Low- Quality Coal for Heating

A no governmental control

Conclusion:

Sentence patterns and

language materials

 Words and phrases that show the cause:

- Because

 - Because of

 - Due to

 - One cause is

 - Another is

 - Since

 - As

 - For

 - To result from

 - To be the result of

 - The effect of

 - The consequence of

 - As a result of

 - As a consequence of

Words and phrases that show the effects:

 Structures showing cause and effect

results in (dẫn đến kquả) NOUN

causes has an effect on

 Ex: Smoking causes lung cancer.

 Lack of exercise can lead to poor health

 THANK YOU FOR LISTENING