Career development interventions 5th by spence niles and bowlsbey chapter 08

Expanding the Limited View of Career Counseling • Career counseling has traditionally emphasized helping individuals find the “best occupational fit”, however there is a substantial body

Career Development Interventions

5th Edition Spence G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey

Chapter 8 Career Counseling Strategies and Techniques

for the 21 st Century

Expanding the Limited View of

Career Counseling

• Career counseling has traditionally emphasized helping individuals find the “best occupational fit”, however there is a substantial body of

evidence that suggested this limited view has

“less than desirable outcomes”

• A limited view of career counseling has led

individuals to overemphasize testing

• Counselors in the 21 st century recognize that

one’s life and career are not separate; and that mental health and work are interwoven

Career Counseling is Counseling

• The 2016 Standards for CACREP continue to identify career development as a core area

of counseling competence; thus, career

counselors are professional counselors or

psychologists with specialized training in the delivery of career development interventions

• Career counseling can be classified within

the general category of counseling because

of the overlap in skills required to conduct

general and career counseling

Career Counseling and Mental

career concerns in career counseling

• Important to view career counseling as a type of psychological intervention that, at times throughout the course of career

counseling, may require the counselor and client to focus on non-career concerns

Definition of Career Counseling (Brown

and Brooks)

• Career counseling is an interpersonal

process designed to assist individuals

with career development problems.

Designing Career Counseling Strategies for the 21st Century

• Career counselors must respond to:

via information highway

Designing Career Counseling

employers and employees

offering daycare and parental leave

dual incomes

working from home

Designing Career Counseling

Strategies

• Career counseling issues “must keep pace with our society’s movement to the postmodern era”

(Savickas, 1993, p 205).

• Hierarchical organizational pyramids have been

flattened in corporations- therefore, career success

is no longer defined by moving up the “corporate

ladder”

• Career patterns now resemble roller coasters rather than gradual inclines

Providing Counseling-Based Career

Assistance

• Counseling-Based career assistance seeks

to empower clients to articulate their

experiences, clarify their self-concepts,

and construct their own lives

• Counselors are not seen as possessing the

solution, rather they work collaboratively

with the client to address their needs

• Counselors must express multicultural

sensitivity and be aware of how contextual

factors impact clients’ careers

Providing Counseling-Based Career

• Counseling based assistance involves

basic counseling skills

• Counseling based assistance

addresses resistance on behalf of the

client

• Counselors must join with their

clients and demonstrate that they are

working with and for their clients

Providing Support in Career

Counseling

• Career counseling involves facilitating

“hope, confidence, and purpose”

within clients

• Counseling addresses hopelessness, anxiety, confusion, and/or depression related to career concerns

Providing Support

• Helping individuals cope with unemployment,

• Helping highly self-conscious clients who are having trouble making career decisions,

• Educating clients who have limited

experience in coping with barriers they

encounter

• Helping clients cope with challenges they

encounter as they manage their career

development

Types of Support

• Emotional support

• Informational support

• Assessment support

Emotional Support in Career

Counseling

• Providing emotional support to clients

helps them feel as though they matter

• Counselors can use the acronym PLEASE

as an aid for expressing mattering to their clients:

Informational Support in Career

Counseling

• Informational support empowers

clients to help themselves

• Involves teaching clients strategies

for job searches and career decision

Assessment Support in Career

Life Designing (Savickas)

• Life-designing involves helping

clients construct their careers by

identifying what matters to them (life themes- a thread that is woven

through the client’s career story)

• Use of subjective assessments such

as Career Construction Interview to

identify life themes

Life Designing (Savickas)- cont.

are structured to:

stories,

reconstruct them into an identity

narrative or life portrait,

the next action episode in the real

world.

Types of Clients Who Benefit from

Subjective Interventions

• Indecisive clients

• “Difficult cases” or clients who have

received but not profited from

counseling

• Mid-career changers

• Culturally diverse clients

Strengths of Subjective

Assessments

experiences to their career development

activities

A Framework for Career

Counseling

• Getting started

• Helping clients deal with change

• Helping clients engage in

Phases of the Career Counseling Process (Gysbers et al, 2014)

• Opening phase

• Phase of information-gathering

• Working phase

• Final phase

Phases of the Career Counseling

• Beginning or Initial Phase

client

• Middle or Working Phase

of action

Phases of the Career Counseling

• Ending or Termination Phase

and middle phases by assessing client’s current status

counseling

Premature Closure in Career

• Clients believe they have achieved their goal.

• The career counseling experience does not meet the client’s expectations.

• Clients fear what might be uncovered in career counseling.

• Clients lack commitment to counseling.

Questions to Ask About

were evident in counseling?

Questions to Ask About

• Did I

the counseling relationship?

client’s next steps?

Career Counseling Groups

• Group counseling offers a mode of

service delivery that can be used

instead of, or in addition to,

individual counseling.

• Hansen and Cramer describe group

counseling as an intervention for 5-15 members, with 5-8 members viewed

as optimal.

Career Counseling Groups

• Less structured career counseling

groups focus on the intrapersonal and interpersonal concerns that clients

have about career development.

Career Counseling Groups

continued

• Less structured career counseling

groups tend to be more

affective-oriented than structured groups.

• Less structured groups meet over a longer period of time than structured groups.

Stages in Group Career Counseling

Why Use Career Groups?

Criteria for Successful Groups

• Members

activities.

group.

Career Counseling Professional Designations and Related Service Providers

• Career service providers (such as

career centers or career coaches)

differ substantially in their training

and areas of expertise

Career Coaches

• Career coaches can range from

persons with professional counseling degrees and expertise in career

development interventions to persons who are essentially paraprofessionals with very little professional training

• Career coaches seek to help clients

identify strategies for accomplishing their goals in their work lives

Career Counselors

to a deeper exploration of one’s

problems/issues which requires

professional training as a counselor

and/or psychologist who is held

accountable to the ethical guidelines put forth by a specific body such as licensing board

licensed professional counselors (LPC)

Career Development Facilitators

• Career Development Facilitator is a

person who has completed the Career

Development Facilitator Training

Program and works in a career

development setting or who

incorporates career development

information or skills in his or her work

• CDF’s must have 120 class/instructional hours provided by a nationally trained and qualified instructor (ncda.org)

Master Career Counselors

• The NCDA offers a Master Career

Counselor (MCC) designation to

recognize counselors and

psychologists who are licensed and have received supervised career

counseling training