basic grammar in use with answers 3rd ed

T he in form ation is on the left-hand page and the exercises are on the right: Information 3.1 What are these people doing?. T he gram m ar p o in t is presented and explained on the le

Self-study reference and practice for students of North American English

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First published 1989

Third Edition 2011

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i s b n 978-0-521-13334-0 Student’s Book with answers and CD-ROM

i s b n 978-0-521-13353-1 Student’s Book with answers

i s b n 978-0-521-13337-1 Student’s Book with CD-ROM

i s b n 978-0-521-13330-2 Workbook with answers

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4 are y o u d oin g? (present continuous questions)

5 I d o /w o r k /lik e , etc (simple present)

6 I d o n ’t (simple present negative)

7 D o y o u ? (simple present questions)

8 I am d o in g (present continuous) and I d o (simple present)

9 I have and I ’ve g o t

Past

10 w a s /w e r e

11 w o r k e d /g o t/w e n t , etc (simple past)

12 I d id n ’t D id yo u ? (simple past negative and questions)

18 for sin ce ago

19 I have d o n e and I d id (present perfect and simple past 1)

20 ju st, already, and y et (present perfect and simple past 2)

21 I’ve lo st m y key I lo st m y k ey last w eek , (present perfect and simple past 3)

Passive

22 is d o n e w as d o n e (passive l)

23 is b e in g d o n e has b een d o n e (passive 2)

Verb form s

25 R egular and irreg u lar verbs

Modals, im peratives, etc.

38 th ere is th ere are

39 th ere w a s/w e r e th ere h a s/h a v e b een th ere w ill be

40 I t

A uxiliary verbs

41 I am , I d o n ’t, etc.

42 Y ou have? / H ave you? / Y ou are? / A re you?, etc.

43 to o /e ith e r so am I / n eith er d o I, etc.

44 is n ’t, h a v en ’t, d o n ’t, etc (negatives)

Questions

45 is i t ? have you ? do th ey ?, etc (questions 1)

46 W h o saw you? W h o d id yo u see? (questions 2)

47 W h o is she ta lk in g to? W h at is it lik e? (questions 3)

64 m y s e lf/y o u r s e lf/th e m s e lv e s , etc.

65 -’s (K ate’s cam era / m y b r o th e r ’s car, etc.)

A and the

66 a /a n .

67 train(s) bus(es) (singular and plural)

68 a b o ttle / so m e w ater (countable/uncountable 1)

69 a cak e / so m e cak e / so m e cak es (countable/uncountable 2)

85 (a) lit t le (a) few

Adjectives and adverbs

86 o ld /n ic e /in t e r e s t in g , etc (adjectives)

87 q u ic k ly /b a d ly /su d d e n ly , etc (adverbs)

94 H e speaks E n g lish very well, (word order 1)

95 a lw a y s/u su a lly /o fte n , etc (word order 2)

102 a person w h o a th in g th a t/w h ic h (relative clauses l)

103 the people w e m e t the hotel y o u stayed at (relative clauses 2)

If you are not sure which units you need to study, use the STUDY GUIDE on page 263 v

104 at 8:00 on M on d ay in A p ril

105 f r o m to u n til sin c e for

106 b efo r e after d u r in g w h ile

107 in at on (places 1)

108 in at on (places 2)

109 to in at (places 3)

110 n ex t to, b etw e en , under, etc.

111 up, over, th ro u g h , etc.

112 on at by w ith ab ou t

113 afraid o f , g o o d a t , etc o f/a t/fo r , etc (prepositions + -ing)

114 liste n to , lo o k a t , etc (verb + preposition)

Phrasal verbs

115 go in, fa ll off, ru n away, etc (phrasal verbs 1)

116 p u t o n your shoes p u t your shoes on (phrasal verbs 2)

A ppendix 1 Active and passive 235

A ppendix 2 List o f irreg u lar verbs 236

A ppendix 3 Irreg u lar verbs in groups 237

A ppendix 4 Short form s (h e’s / I ’d / d o n ’t, etc.) 238

A ppendix 5 Spelling 240

A ppendix 6 Phrasal verbs (take o f f / g iv e up, etc.) 242

A ppendix 7 Phrasal verbs + object (put o u t a fire / try o n clothes, etc.) 243

A dditional Exercises 244

Study G uide 263

A nsw er Key to Exercises 276

A nsw er Key to A dditional Exercises 303

A nsw er Key to Study G uide 306

Index 308

vi If you are not sure which units you need to study, use the STUDY GUIDE on page 263.

To the Student

This is a gram m ar book for

beg inning to low -interm ediate

students o f English T here are 116

units in the book, and each u n it is

about a different p oint o f English

gram m ar T here is a list o f units at

the b eginning o f the book (Contents).

Do not study all the units in order

from beg inning to end It is b etter to

choose the units th at you need to do

For example, if you have a problem

w ith the present perfect (I have been,

he has done, etc.), study U nits 16-21.

Use the Contents or the Index (at the

back o f the book) to find the u n it

(or units) th at you need

4 are you doing? (present continuous questions)

5 I d o /w o rk /lik e , etc (simple present)

6 I d o n ’t (simple present negative)

7 D o you ? (simple present questions)

8 I am d o in g (present continuous) and I do (simple present)

9 I have — and I ’ve g o t

Past

10 w as/w ere

11 w o rk e d /g o t/w e n t, etc (simple past)

12 I d id n ’t D id you ? (simple past negative and questions)

13 I was d o in g (past continuous)

14 I was d o in g (past continuous) and I d id (simple past)

If you are not sure

w hich units you

need to study, use

the Study Guide

at the back o f the

book

Study Guide (pages 263-275)

Each u n it is tw o pages

T he in form ation is on

the left-hand page and

the exercises are on

the right:

Information

3.1 What are these people doing? Use these verfcs tt> complete the sentences:

Z He for*(ms- 5 _ hieMm

^ ^ ^ B She's rating U't raining They’r* numing

B B She isn't reading The son shining They area'' walking.

i B hT * Mam k reading a

■ ■ H S she n (nor) • She isn't eating {* She's not eating.)

| | § B B | « Thf phene 1* ringing.

I « W.-'r* having they * The duhta-n are doing then homework.

■ ■ F I A»/iva» + ring ■» something h happening sw

I’m working she's wearing 2 bat

tfwv'ie playing baseball

« Look, there's Sarah She's wearing a hwwn coat she i« wearing now)

* Where are the childrenr “They’re playing m the park “

^ B B hot spethng see Appends* S.

3.4 WhetS happening now? Write true sentences.

Study the left-hand page (inform ation), and

do the exercises on the right-hand page

Use the Answer Key to check your answers

T he Answer Key is on pages 2 7 6 -3 0 2

Study the left-hand page again if necessary

D on’t forget the seven

Appendixes at the back

o f the book (pages

235-243 ) These w ill

give you inform ation

about active and passive

form s, irreg u lar verbs,

short form s, spelling, and

phrasal verbs

T here are also Additional

Exercises at the back o f the

Irregular verbs in groups _

Thu timpfi past aW past patriiipk m fgemit!

C D -R O M

This book is sold w ith or w ith o u t a

C D -R O M O n the C D -R O M , there are

m ore exercises on all the units, and these

are different from the exercises in the book

T here are also m ore th an 600 test questions

ix

To the Teacher

T he m ost im p o rtan t features o f this book are:

■ It is a gram m ar book It does not deal w ith other aspects o f the language

■ It is for b eginning to low -interm ediate students o f English It does not

cover areas o f gram m ar w hich are not norm ally taug ht at the beg inn in g

to low -interm ediate level

■ It is a reference book w ith exercises It is not a course book and is not

organized progressively

M It is addressed to learners and intended for self-study.

O rgan ization o f the b o o k _

T here are 116 units in the book, each one focusing on a p articu lar area o f gram m ar

T he m aterial is organized in gram m atical categories, such as tenses, questions,

and articles U nits are not ordered according to difficulty, and should therefore be selected and used in the order appropriate for the learner(s) T h e book should not

be w orked th ro u g h from beginning to end T he units are listed in the Contents, and there is a com prehensive Index at the end of the book.

Each u n it has the same form at consisting o f tw o facing pages T he gram m ar p o in t is presented and explained on the left-hand page and the corresponding exercises are

on the right T here are seven Appendixes (pages 2 3 5 -2 4 3 ) dealing w ith active and

passive forms, irregular verbs, short form s (contractions), spelling, and phrasal verbs

It m ight be useful for teachers to draw students’ atten tion to these

At the back o f the book there is a set o f Additional Exercises (pages 2 4 4 -2 6 2 ) These

exercises provide “m ixed” practice b ring ing together gram m ar points from a

nu m ber o f different units (especially those concerning verb forms) T here are 35 exercises in this section, and there is a full list on page 244

Also at the back o f the book there is a Study Guide to help students decide w hich

units to study - see page 263

Finally, there is an Answer Key (pages 2 7 6 -3 0 2 ) for students to check their answers

to all the exercises in the book A n edition w ith o u t the Study Guide and Answer Key

is available for teachers w ho w ould prefer it for th eir students

L e v e l

T he book is for beginning learners, i.e., learners w ith very little English, b ut not for com plete beginners It is intended m ainly for beg inn in g students w ho are beyond the early stages o f a beginners’ course It could also be used by low -interm ediate learners whose gram m ar is w eaker th an other aspects o f th eir English or w ho have problem s w ith p articu lar areas o f basic gram m ar

T he explanations are addressed to the beginning learner and are therefore as simple and as short as possible T he vocabulary used in the examples and exercises has also been restricted so th at the book can be used at this level

x

U sin g the b o o k _

T he book can be used by students w orking alone (see To the Student) or as

supplem entary course m aterial In either case the book can serve as a beginning gram m ar book

W h e n used as course m aterial, the book can be used for im m ediate consolidation

or for later revision or rem edial w ork It m ight be used by the w hole class or by individual students needing extra help and practice

In some cases it may be desirable to use the left-hand pages (presentation and

explanation) in class, but it should be noted th at these have been w ritte n for

individual study and reference In m ost cases, it w ould probably be b etter for

teachers to present the gram m ar p o in t in th eir preferred way w ith the exercises

being done for hom ew ork T he left-hand page is then available for later reference by the student

Some teachers may prefer to keep the book for revision and rem edial work In this case, individual students or groups o f students can be d irected to the appropriate units for self-study and practice

C D -R O M

T he book is sold w ith or w ith o u t a C D -R O M T he C D -R O M contains fu rth e r

exercises on all the units in the book, as well as a bank o f m ore th an 600 test

questions from w hich users can select to com pile their ow n tests

Basic Grammar in Usef Third Edition

This is a new edition of Basic Grammar in Use The differences between this edition and the

second edition are:

■ T he book has been redesigned w ith new color illustrations

■ T h ere is reorganization, so some units have different num bers from the previous edition

■ T here are m any (usually m inor) revisions to the explanations, examples, and exercises

■ T here are tw o new pages o f Additional Exercises (pages 24 4 -2 6 2 ).

■ T here is a new C D -R O M w ith fu rth e r exercises to accom pany the book

Basic Gram

My favorite color is blue.

My favorite sports are

tennis and swim m ing.

I'm interested in art.

you are (you’re) you are n o t (you’re n o t or you a r e n ’t)

P m cold Can you close the window, please?

P m 32 years old My sister is 29

Steve is sick H e ’s in bed

My brother is afraid o f dogs

It’s 10:00 You’re late again

A nn and I are good friends.

Your keys are on the table.

P m tired, but P m n o t hungry

Tom is n ’t interested in politics H e ’s interested in music

Jane is n ’t a teacher She’s a student

Those people aren’t Canadian T hey’re Australian.

It’s sunny today, bu t it is n ’t warm

I'm afraid of

th at’s = that is th ere’s — there is h ere’s = here is

■ T hank you T h at’s very nice of you

■ Look! T h ere’s Chris

■ “H e re’s your key.” “T hank you.”

2 am/is/are (questions) —► Unit 2 there is/are — ► Unit 38 a/an — ► Unit 66 short forms —► A ppendix 4

1.1 Write the short form (she's / we aren't, etc.)

1 she is she's 3 it is n o t _ 5 I am not

2 they a r e 4 that is _ 6 you are n ot

1.2 Write am, is, or are.

1 The w eather /s nice today 5 Look! T h e r e Carol

2 I _not rich 6 My brother and I good tennis players

3 This b a g heavy 7 A m y at hom e H er c h ild re n at school

4 These b a g s _heavy 8 I a taxi driver My s is te r _ a nurse

1.3 Complete the sentences.

1 Steve is sick He's in bed

2 I’m not hungry, b u t _thirsty

3 Mr Thom as is a very old m a n _ 98

4 These chairs aren’t beautiful, b u t _ com fortable

5 The w eather is nice tod ay w arm and sunny

6 “ _late.” “N o, I’m not I’m early!”

7 C atherine isn’t at h o m e _ at work

8 “ _your coat.” “O h, thank you very m uch.”

1.4 Look at Lisa's sentences in 1A Now write sentences about yourself.

5 (favorite color or colors?)

1.5 Write sentences for the pictures Use:

afraid a n gry co ld h o t h u n g ry t h i rsty

1.6 Write true sentences, positive or negative Use is/isn't or are/aren't.

1 (it / hot today) It isn 't hot today OR It's h ot today.

2 (it / w indy today) I t

4 (Brazil / a very big country) _

6 (Toronto / in the U nited States) _

Write true sentences, positive or negative Use I'm / I'm not.

No, I'm single

How old are you?

25

Yes, I am.

■ “A m I late?” “N o, y o u ’re on tim e.”

■ “Is you r m o th e r at hom e?” “N o, sh e’s o ut.”

■ “A re you r parents at hom e?” “N o, th ey ’re out.”

■ “Is it cold in your room ?” “Yes, a little.”

■ Your shoes are nice Are th ey new?

W e say:

■ Is she at hom e? / Is you r m o th e r at hom e? (not Is at hom e your m other?)

■ Are th ey new? / A re you r shoes new? (not Are new your shoes?)

W here ? / W h a t ? / W ho ? / H o w ? / W hy ?

■ W here is your m other? Is she at hom e?

■ “W here are you from ?” “C anada.”

■ “W hat c o lo r is your car?” “It’s red.”

■ “H o w o ld is Joe?” “H e’s 24.”

■ “H o w are your parents?” “T hey’re fine.”

■ These postcards are nice H o w m u ch are they?

■ This hotel isn’t very good W hy is it so expensive?

w hat’s = w hat is w h o ’s = w ho is how ’s = how is w h ere’s = w here is

W hat’s your phone num ber?

Yes, itweyou are.

they

I’m

N o,

h e’sshe’s

w e’reyou’rethey’re

hesheit

isn ’t.

weyouthey

aren’t.

“Are you tired?” “Yes, I a m ”

“Are you hungry?” “N o , I’m not, bu t I’m thirsty.”

“Is you r frien d Japanese?” “Yes, he is ”

“Are these you r keys?” “Yes, th ey are.”

“T h a t’s my seat.” “N o , it isn ’t ”

That's my seat.

4 am/is/are —► Unit 1 questions —► Unit 45 what/which/how —► Unit 48

2.1 Find the right answers for the questions.

6 W hat color is your bag? f) N o, it’s black 6

2.2 Make questions with these words.

1 (is / at hom e / your m other) /s y o u r m o th er a t hom e

(your parents / are / how) H o w a re y o u r p a re n ts

(interesting / is / your job)

(the stores / are / open today)

(from / w here / you / are)

(interested in sports / you / are)

(is / near here / the post office) _

(at school / are / your children)

(you / are / late / w h y ) _

2.3 Complete the questions Use W hat.

your favorite sport?

the m an in this photograph?

_ your new shoes?

2.4 Write the questions.

At the end of the block

Five, six, and ten

No, I’m Canadian

I’m 30

No, I’m a lawyer

Yes, I am

No, she’s a teacher

She’s from Mexico

Ana

She’s 27

2 5 Write short answers (Yes, / am / No, he isn't., etc.).

1 Are you m arried? No, I'm not. 4 Are your hands cold?

2 Are you th irsty ? 5 Is it dark n o w ?

3 Is it cold to d ay ? 6 Are you a te a c h e r?

2

I am doing (present continuous)

The present continuous is:

a m /is /a r e + d o in g /e a tin g /ru n n in g /w ritin g , etc.

I am (not) ■ P m w o rk in g P m n o t w a tc h in g TV.

she is (not) H She isn ’t eating, (or She’s n o t eating.)

it -in g ■ The phone is rin g in g.

we ■ W e’re h avin g dinner.

you are (not) ■ You’re n o t lis te n in g to me (or You aren’t liste n in g

they ■ T he children are d o in g their hom ew ork.

A m /is /a r e + -in g = som ething is happening now:

I5m w o r k in g

she’s w ea rin g a hat they’re p la y in g baseball

P m n o t w a tc h in g television

■ Please be quiet P m w ork in g (= Pm w orking now)

■ Look, th ere’s Sarah She’s w ea rin g a brow n coat (= she is wearing it now)

■ The w eather is nice It’s n o t raining.

■ “W here are the children?” “T hey’re p la y in g in the park.”

■ (on the phone) W e’re h avin g dinner now C an I call you later?

■ You can tu rn off the television P m n o t w a tc h in g it.

For spelling, see Appendix 5

com e —► co m in g w rite —► w ritin g dance —► d ancing

ru n —► ru n n in g sit —► sitting sw im —► sw im m in g

lie —► lying

am/is/are —► Unit 1 are you doing? (questions) —► Unit 4 I am doing and I do —► Unit 8

What are you doing tomorrow? —► Unit 26

3.1 What are these people doing? Use these verbs to complete the sentences:

ea t have lie p lay sit w a it

3.2 Complete the sentences Use these verbs:

b u ild co o k leave stand stay

Please be quiet I 'm w o rkin g

“W h e re ’s Joh n?” “H e’s in the kitchen H e _

“Y o u _ on my foot.”

s w im tak e w o rk1

about Jane Use She's -ing or She isn't -ing.

(have dinner) J a n e isn 't h a vin g dinner. _

(watch television) S h e's w a tc h in g television.

(sit on the floor) S h e (read a b o o k ) _(play the p ia n o ) _(lau g h ) -(wear a h a t ) (write a le tte r )

3 4 What's happening now? Write true sentences.

1 (I / wash / my hair) I'nn n o t w a sh in g m y hair.

W hat are you doing?

“Are you fe e lin g O K ?” “Yes, I’m fine, thanks.”

“Is it raining?” “Yes, take an um brella.”

W hy are you w ea rin g a coat? It’s not cold.

“W h a t’s Paul d oin g?” “H e ’s read in g the new spaper.”

“W hat are the children d oin g?” “T hey’re w a tc h in g television.”

Look, there’s Emily! W h e re’s she going?

W ho are you w a itin g for? Are you w a itin g for Sue?

Study the w ord order:

is/a re + subject 4- -in g

W here

W here

Is Is are are

hePaultheythose people

Yes, itweyou are.

they

I’m

No,

h e ’sshe’s

w e’reyou’rethey’re

hesheit

isn ’t.

weyouthey

aren’t.

“Are you lea v in g now ?” “Yes, I a m ”

“Is Paul w o r k in g today?” “Yes, he is ”

“Is it raining?” “N o , it is n ’t ”

“Are your friends stayin g at a hotel?” “N o , th ey aren’t They’re staying w ith m e.’!

8

4.1 Look at the pictures and write the questions.

U N

4.2 Look at the pictures and complete the questions Use:

cry eat go la u g h lo o k at read

4.3 Make questions with these words Put the words in the right order.

is / w orking / Paul / today) Is P aul w o rkin g to d a y

w hat / the children / are / doing)

you / are / listening / to me)

W h a t a re th e ch ildren doing

w here / your friends / are / g o in g )

are / w atching / your parents / television)

w hat / Jessica / is / c o o k in g )

w hy / you / are / looking / at m e )

is / com ing / the b u s )

4.4 Write short answers (Yes, \ am / No, he isn't., etc.).

1 Are you w atching TV? No, I'm not 4 Is it raining?

2 Are you w earing a w a tc h ?

3 Are you eating so m eth in g ? _

5 Are you sitting on the floor?

6 Are you feeling all rig h t? _

I do/work/like, etc (simple present)

T hey’re looking at their books H e’s eating an ice cream cone

They read / he lik es / I w ork, etc = the simple present:

I/w e /y o u /th e y read lik e w ork live w atch do have

h e /s h e /it reads lik es w orks lives w atches does has

R em em ber:

he w orks / she lives / it rains, etc.

■ I w o rk in an office M y b roth er w orks in a bank (not My brother work)

■ Lucy lives in H ouston H er parents liv e in Chicago.

■ It rains a lot in the winter.

I have -► h e /s h e /it has:

■ Joh n has lunch at hom e every day.

For spelling, see Appendix 5

-es after -s / -sh / -ch: pass -► passes finish -► finishes w atch -► watches

-y -+ -ie s : study -► studies try-► tries

We use the simple present for things that are true in general, or for things that happen som etim es or all the time:

■ I lik e big cities.

■ Your English is good You speak very well.

■ Tim w orks very hard H e starts at 7:30 and fin ish es at 8:00 at night.

■ T he earth goes around the sun.

■ W e do a lot o f different things in our free time.

■ It costs a lot o f m oney to build a hospital.

A lw a y s /n e v e r /o fte n /u s u a lly /s o m e tim e s + simple present

■ Sue always gets to w ork early (not Sue gets always)

■ I n ever eat breakfast (not I eat never)

■ We o ften sleep late on weekends.

■ M ark u sually plays tennis on Sundays.

■ I so m e tim es w alk to work, but not very often.

I d o n 't (negative) —► Unit 6 Do you ? (questions) —► Unit 7 I am doing and I do —► Unit 8 always/usually/often, etc (word order) —► Unit 95

Exercises U N I

5.1 Write these verbs with -s or -es.

1 (read) she re a d s 3 (fly) i t

2 (think) h e 4 (dance) h e

5 (have) s h e

6 (finish) i t

5.2 Complete the sentences about the people in the pictures Use:

eat go liv e p lay p lay sleep

2 T h e y in a very big house 5

3 a lot o f fruit 6

tennis

to the movies a lot seven hours a night

5.3 Complete the sentences Use:

b o il clo se cost co st lik e

M aria spea ks four languages

Banks u su ally _ at 9:00 in the m orning

The art m u s e u m _ at 5:00 in the afternoon

Tina is a teacher S h e _ m ath to young children

My jo b is very interesting I _ a lot o f people

P eter’s car is always dirty H e n e v e r _ it

lik e m e e t o p en speak teach w ash

10 Julia and I are good friends I _ her, and she me

5.4 Write sentences from these words Use the right form of the verb (arrive or arrives, etc.).

(always / early / Sue / arrive) S u e a lw a ys a r r iv e s early

(to the movies / never / I / g o )

(work / M artina / hard / alw ays) _

(like / chocolate / children / usually)

(Julia / parties / enjoy / alw ay s)

(often / people’s names / I / forget) _

(television / T im / w atch / never)

9

(usually / dinner / we / have / at 6:30)

(Jenny / always / nice clothes / wear) _

5.5 Write sentences about yourself Use always! n ever I often! usually I sometimes.

1 (watch TV in the evening) / usually w a tch T V in the evening.

I d o n 't (simple present negative)

T he simple present negative is d o n ’t /d o e s n ’t + verb:

Coffee? No, thanks I don't

d o n ’t (do not)

d o esn ’t (does not)

w ork lik e do have

I d rin k coffee, bu t I d o n ’t d rin k tea.

Sue drink s tea, b ut she d o esn ’t d rin k coffee.

You d o n ’t w ork very hard.

We d o n ’t w atch television very often.

The w eather is usually nice It d o esn ’t rain very often

Gary and Nicole d o n ’t k n o w many people.

I d o n ’t like Fred, and Fred d o e sn ’t like me (not Fred d on’t like)

M y car d o e sn ’t use m uch gas (not My car d on’t use)

Sometimes he is late, bu t it d o e sn ’t happen very often.

We use d o n ’t /d o e s n ’t + base form (don’t lik e / doesn’t speak / doesn’t do, etc.):

■ I d o n ’t lik e to wash the car I d o n ’t do it very often.

■ Sarah speaks Spanish, but she d o e sn ’t speak Italian (not doesn’t speaks)

■ Bill d o e sn ’t do his jo b very well, (not Bill doesn’t his job)

■ Paula d o e sn ’t usually have breakfast, (not doesn’t has)

I do/work/like, etc (simple present) —► Unit 5 Do you ? (simple present questions) —► Unit 7

6.1 Write the negative.

1 I play the piano very well

2 Jane plays the piano very well

3 They know my phone num ber

4 W e w ork very hard

5 M ike has a car

6 You do the same thing every day

/ don 't p la y the piano v e r y well.

Jane _

T h e y

6.2 Study the information and write sentences with like.

1 23/// a n d 'Rose like c la s s ic a l music.

Do you like , C a ro l

Bill and Rose Carol You

2 Bill and Rose

C a ro l _

6.3 Write about yourself Use:

6.4 Complete the sentences All of them are negative Use don't/doesn't + these verbs:

co st go k n o w read see use w ear

1 I buy a new spaper every day, but som etimes I don 't r e a d it.

2 Paul has a car, but h e _ it very often

3 Paul and his friends like movies, but th e y _ to the movie theater very often

4 Am anda is m arried, but s h e _ a ring

5 I _ m uch about politics I’m not interested in it

6 The Regent H otel isn’t expensive I t m uch to stay there

7 Brian lives near us, but we him very often

6.5 Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative.

1 M argaret spea ks four languages - English, Japanese, Arabic, and Spanish, (speak)

I don / like my job It’s very boring, (like)

“W h e re’s M artin?” “I’m sorry I _ ” (know)

Sue is a very quiet person S h e _ very m uch, (talk)

A n d y _ a lot o f coffee It’s his favorite drink, (drink)

It’s not true! I

T h at’s a very beautiful picture I

M ark is a vegetarian H e

it! (believe)

it a lot (like)meat, (eat)

13

Do you ? (simple present questions)

W e use d o /d o e s in simple present questions:

Study the w ord order:

d o /d o e s + subject + infinitive

D o you w ork on Sundays?

D o your friends live near here?

D oes Chris play tennis?

W here do your parents live?

H ow m uch does it cost to fly to Puerto Rico?

Q uestions w ith alw ay s/u su ally/ever:

D o you always have breakfast?

D o es Chris ever ca ll you?

W hat d o you do? = W h a t’s your job?

■ “W hat d o you do?” “I w ork in a bank.”

Yes, I /w e /y o u /th e y do. No, I/w e /y o u /th e y d o n ’t.

h e /s h e /it does h e /s h e /it d o esn ’t.

“D o you play tennis?” “N o , I d o n ’t.”

“D o you r parents speak English?” “Yes, th ey d o ”

“D o e s Gary w ork hard?” “Yes, he d o e s.”

“D o e s you r sister live in Vancouver?” “N o , she d o esn ’t ”

I do/work/like, etc —► Unit 5 I don't (negative) —► Unit 6 questions —► Units 45-48

Exercises U N I T

7.1 Write questions with Do ? and Does ?

1 I like chocolate H ow about you? D o yo u like ch o cola te _

2 I play tennis H ow about y o u ? _y o u

3 You live near here H ow about L u cy ? L u c y

4 Tom plays tennis H ow about his frie n d s? _

5 You speak English H ow about your b ro th e r? _

6 I do yoga every m orning H ow about y o u ?

7 Sue often travels on business H ow about P au l? _

8 I w ant to be famous H ow about y o u ?

9 You w ork hard H ow about A n n a ? _

7.2 Make questions from these words + do/does Put the words in the right order.

1 (where / live / your parents) W h ere do y o u r p a re n ts live _

2 (you / early / always / get up) D o yo u a lw a ys p e t up e a rly _

3 (how often / TV / you / w a tc h ) _

4 (you / w ant / w hat / for d in n e r)

5 (like / you / fo o tb a ll) _

6 (your brother / like / fo o tb a ll)

7 (what / you / do / in your free tim e )

8 (your sister / w ork / w h e re )

9 (to the movies / ever / you / g o )

10 (what / m ean / this w o r d )

11 (often / snow / it / h e r e ) _

12 (go / usually / to bed / w hat tim e / you)

13 (how m uch / to call Mexico / it / cost)

14 (you / for breakfast / have / usually / what)

7.3 Complete the questions Use these verbs:

-de~ do en joy g et lik e start

W h a t

on Saturdays?

to work?

?his job?

Yes, he loves it

Write short answers (Yes, he does / No, I don't., etc.).

1 Do you w atch TV a lot? No, /d o n ’t. OR Yes, /do.

2 Do you live in a big c ity ? _

3 Do you ever ride a bicycle?

4 Does it rain a lot w here you live?

5 D o you play the p ia n o ? _

I am doing (present continuous) and

I do (simple present)

Jack plays the guitar,

but he is n o t p lay in g the guitar now.

Is he p la y in g the guitar? N o , h e isn ’t (present continuous)

D o es h e p lay the guitar? Yes, h e d o es (simple present)

| Present continuous (I am d oin g) = now, at the tim e o f speaking:

I’m d o in g

■ Please be quiet I’m w o rking (not I work)

■ Tom is tak in g a shower at the m om ent (not Tom takes)

■ Take an um brella w ith you It’s raining

■ You can tu rn off the television I’m not w atch in g it

■ W hy are you u nder the table? W hat are you doing?

future

Simple present (I do) = in general, all the time, or sometimes:

I do

■ I w o rk every day from 9:00 to 5:30.

■ Tom takes a shower every m orning.

■ It rains a lot in the winter.

■ I d o n ’t w atch television very often.

■ W hat d o you usually do on weekends?

future

We do not use these verbs in the present continuous (I am -ing):

lik e love w ant k n o w understand

prefer hate need m ean b elieve

rem em b er forget

d ep en d

Use only the simple present w ith these verbs (I w an t / d o yo u like?, etc.):

■ I’m tired I w an t to go hom e (not I’m wanting)

■ “D o you k n o w that girl?” “Yes, but I d o n ’t rem em b er her nam e.”

■ I d o n ’t understand W h at do you m ean?

present continuous —► Units 3-4 simple present —► Units 5-7 present for the future —► Unit 26

Exercises u N 1 8

8.1 Answer the questions about the pictures.

Does he take photographs? Yes, h e does

Is he taking a photograph? No, he isn t

W hat is he doing?

H e s taking a bath.

Is she driving a bus? _ Does she drive a bus?

W hat is she doing?

Does he wash windows?

W hat do they do?

8.2 Complete the sentences with am/is/are or do/don't/does/doesn't.

1 Excuse me, do you speak English?

2 “W h e re’s Kate?” “I _ know.”

3 W h a t’s so funny? W h y you laughing?

4 “W h a t _ your sister do?” “She’s a dentist.”

5 I t _ raining._I _ w ant to go out in the rain

6 “W h e r e _ you come from ?” “Canada.”

7 H ow m u c h _it cost to send a letter to Canada?

8 Steve is a good tennis player, but h e play very often

8.3 Put the verb in the present continuous (/ am doing) or the simple present (/ do).

1 Excuse me, do yo u spea k (you / speak) English?

2 “W h e re’s Tom?” He's taking (he / take) a shower.”

3 /don't w a tch (I / not / watch) television very often

4 Listen! S o m ebody (sin g)*

5 Sandra is tire d : (she / want) to go hom e now

6 H ow o f te n _(you / read) a newspaper?

7 “Excuse me, b u t (you / sit) in my seat.” “O h, I’m sorry.”

8 I’m so rry , (I / not / understand) C an you speak m ore slowly?

9 It’s la te (I / go) hom e n o w _

(you / come) w ith me?

10 W h at ti m e (your father / finish) w ork every day?

11 You can tu rn off the ra d io (I / n ot / listen) to it

12 “W h e re’s Paul?” “In the k itc h e n (he / cook) som ething.”

13 M a r tin (not / usually / drive) to work H e

_(usually / walk)

14 S u e _ (not / like) co ffee (she / prefer) tea

17

I have and I've g o t

You can say I have or I’ve got, h e has or h e ’s got:

h av e g o t

(I’ve got) (we’ve got) (you’ve got) (they’ve got)

h as g o t

(he’s got) (she’s got) (it’s got)

short form

I have blue eyes, or I’ve g o t blue eyes.

Tim has two sisters, or Tim has g o t two sisters.

O u r car has four doors, or O u r car has g o t four doors.

Sarah isn’t feeling well She has a headache, or She’s g o t a headache.

They like animals They have a horse, three dogs, and six cats, or T hey’ve g o t a horse

I d o n ’t have / I haven ’t got, etc (negative)

You can say:

■ I have a bike, but I d o n ’t have a car or I’ve g o t a bike, bu t I haven ’t g o t a car.

■ Mr and Mrs Harris d o n ’t have any children, or haven ’t g o t any children.

■ It’s a nice house, but it d o e sn ’t have a garage, or it hasn ’t g o t a garage.

■ M ariko d o esn ’t have a job or M ariko hasn ’t g o t a job.

D o you have ? / H ave you g o t ?, etc (questions)

You can say:

■ D o you have a camera? or H ave you g o t a camera?

■ D o e s H elen have a car? or H as H elen g o t a car?

■ W hat kind o f car d oes she have? or W hat kind o f car has she got?

■ W h at d o you have in your bag? or W h at have you g o t in your bag?

Short answers

“D o you have a camera?” “Yes, I d o.” / “N o, I d o n ’t.” or

“H ave you got a camera?” “Yes, I have.” / “N o, I haven’t.”

“D o e s Anne have a car?” “Yes, she d oes.” / “N o, she d o esn ’t.” or

“H as Anne got a car?” “Yes, she has.” / “N o, she h asn ’t.”

had / didn't have (past) —► Units 11-12 have breakfast / have a headache, etc —► Unit 59 some/any —► Unit 77

3

4

5

Have you got a car?

Have you got a com puter?

Have you got a dog?

Have you got a cell phone?

Have you got a watch?

Have you got any brothers or

1 They have got two children

2 She hasn’t got a key

3 H e has got a new job

4 They haven’t got m uch money

5 Have you got an umbrella?

6 We have got a lot o f w ork to do

7 I haven’t got your phone num ber

8 Has your father got a car?

9 H ow m uch m oney have we got?

S h e doesn t h ave a key.

9.4 Complete the sentences with do, doesn't, don't, got, has, or have.

1 Sarah hasn’t g o t a car She goes everywhere by bicycle

They like animals They ha ve three dogs and two cats

Charles isn’t happy H e got a lot o f problem s

They don’t read m uch T h e y have many books

“W h a t’s w rong?” “I’v e _

“W h e re’s my pen?” “I don’t know I don’t

som ething in my eye.”

it.”

7 Julia wants to go to the concert, but she have a ticket

9.5 Complete the sentences Use have/has or don't have / doesn't have with:

a lo t o f frien d s fo u r w h ee ls a h ead ach e six leg s

a b ig yard m u ch tim e a key

I’m not feeling well I h a ve a headache. _

It’s a nice house, but it doesn't h a ve a big yard.

M ost c a rs _

Everybody likes Tom H e

I can’t open the door I

An in s e c t

Hurry! W e _

19

a m /is (present) -► was (past):

■ I am tired, (now)

■ W here is Kate? (now)

■ The w eather is nice today.

are (present) -► w ere (past):

■ You are late, (now)

M They aren’t here, (now)

I was tired last n igh t.

W here was Kate yesterday?

The w eather was nice last w eek.

You w ere late yesterday.

They w e ren ’t here last Sunday.

was n o t (w asn’t)

weyouthey

w ere n o t (w eren’t)

Last year Rachel w as 22, so she is 23 now.

W h en I was a child, I was afraid o f dogs.

W e w ere hungry after the trip, but we w eren ’t tired

T he hotel was com fortable, but it w asn ’t expensive.

Was the w eather nice w hen you w ere on vacation?

Your shoes are nice Were they expensive?

W hy w ere you late this m orning?

Short answers

Yes, I /h e / s h e / it was. N o, I /h e / s h e / i t w a sn ’t.

w e /y o u /th e y were w e /y o u /th e y w e ren ’t.

“W ere you late?” “N o , I w asn ’t ”

“Was Ted at w ork yesterday?” “Yes, h e w a s.”

“W ere Sue and Steve at the party?” “N o , th ey w eren ’t ”

am/is/are —► Units 1-2 I was doing —► Unit 13

10.2 Write am/is/are (present) or w as!w ere (past).

1 Last year she w a s 22, so she is 23 now

2 Today the w e a th e r _nice, but yesterday i t

3 I _ hungry Can I have som ething to eat?

very cold

4 I feel fine this m orning, but I

5 W h e r e _

very tired last night

you at 11:00 last Friday m orning?

6 D o n ’t buy those shoes T h e y _ very expensive

7 I like your new ja c k e t. _ it expensive?

8 This tim e last year I in Paris

9 “W h e r e the children?” “I don’t know They here a few m inutes ago.”

10.3 Write w as!w ere or w asn't!w eren't.

1 W e w eren’t happy w ith the hotel O u r room w a s very small, and it w a sn t clean

2 M a r k at w ork last w eek because h e sick H e ’s b etter now

3 Y esterday a holiday, so the b a n k s closed T hey’re open today

4 “ Kate and Bill at the party?” “K a te there, b u t B ill _ ”

5 “W here are my keys?” “I don’t know They

not there now.”

6 Y o u _ at hom e last night W h e r e

on the table, but they’reyou?

10.4 Write questions from these words + was/were Put the words in the right order.

(difficult / your exam?)

(last week / where / Sue and Chris?)

(your new camera / how much?)

(angry / you / yesterday / why?)

(nice / the weather / last week?)

The traffic was bad

No, it was easy

They were on vacation

O ne hundred and tw enty dollars Because you were late

Yes, it was beautiful

worked/got/went, etc (simple past)

They w atch television every night

T he simple past is often -ed (regular verbs) For example:

w ork —► w o rk ed dance —► d anced

clean —► clean ed stay —► stayed

start —► started need —► n eed ed

■ I brush my teeth every m orning This m orning I b ru shed my teeth.

■ Terry w o rk ed in a bank from 1996 to 2003.

■ Yesterday it rain ed all m orning It sto p p ed at lunchtim e.

■ W e enjoyed the party last night W e d anced a lot and talk ed to a lot o f people The party en d ed at m idnight.

For spelling, see A ppendix 5

try —► trie d study —► studied copy —► copied

stop —► sto p p e d plan —► p la n n e d

Some verbs are irregular (= not regular) The simple past is not -ed H ere are some im portant

irregular verbs (see also Appendixes 2 -3 ):

buy b o u g h t get g o t pay paid stand sto o d

come cam e g° w en t read read (red)* tell to ld

eat ate know k n ew see saw w rite w ro te

* pronounced {(redv

■ I usually get up early, but this m orning I g o t up at 9:30.

■ W e d id a lot o f w ork yesterday.

■ Caroline w en t to the movies three times last week.

■ Jam es cam e into the room, to o k off his coat, and sat down.

was/were —► Unit 10 I didn't / Did you ? (negative and questions) —► Unit 12 ago —► Unit 18

11.1 Complete the sentences Use a verb from the box.

b ru sh d ie en d en jo y h a p p en o p en

1 I b r u s h e d my teeth three times yesterday.

2 It was hot in the room , so I _ the window

3 The movie was very long I t _ at 7:15 and _

4 W h en I was a child, I _ to be a doctor

5 The a c c id e n t _ last Sunday afternoon

ra in start stay w a n t

at 10:00

6 It’s a nice day today, but yesterday i t

7 W e _ our vacation last year W e

8 A nna’s g ra n d fath er _

all day

at a very nice place

w hen he was 90 years old

11.2 Write the simple past of these verbs.

11.3 Read about Lisa's trip to Mexico City Put the verbs in the correct form.

Last Tuesday, Lisa (l) fl e w from Los Angeles to Mexico City She

(2)

-of c -offee At 7:15 she (4)

the airport W hen she (6)

up at 6:00 in the morning and (3)

home and (5) _ there, she (7)

a cup _ to thecar, (8)

(10)

to the terminal, and (9)

breakfast at an airport cafe and (11)

in Then she forher flight The plane (12) _

in Mexico City four hours later Finally she (14)

the airport to her hotel downtown

on time and (13)

l taxi from

11.4 Write sentences about the past (yesterday / last w eek, etc.).

1 Jam es always goes to w ork by car Yesterday h e w e n t to w o r k b y car

Rachel often loses her keys She

flyget, have leave, drive get, park walk, check have, wait depart, arrive take

Kate m eets her friends every night S h e

I usually buy two newspapers every day Yesterday I _

W e often go to the movies on weekends Last Sunday we

I eat an orange every day Yesterday I

last week last night

Tom always takes a shower in the m orning This m orning he

O u r friends often come to see us T h e y _ last Friday

11.5 Write sentences about what you did yesterday.

1 / w e n t to th e th ea ter. _ 4

2 5

3 6

I d id n 't Did you ?

(simple past negative and questions)

W e use d id in simple past negatives and questions:

d id n o t (d id n ’t)

watchhavesee

■ I d o n ’t watch television very often.

I d id n ’t watch television yesterday.

■ D o e s she go out often?

D id she go out last night?

W e use d id /d id n ’t + base form (w a tc h /p la y /g o , etc.):

I w atched but I d id n ’t watch (not I didn’t watched)

did you do?

(not did they went?)

I played tennis yesterday, but I d id n ’t w in.

“D id you do your hom ew ork?” “N o, I d id n ’t have tim e.”

W e w e n t to the movies, b u t we d id n ’t enjoy the film.

Study the w ord order in questions:

d id + subject + base form

your sister youthe accident your parents

call do happen?

“D id you see Joe yesterday?” “N o , I d id n ’t ”

“D id it rain on Sunday?” “Yes, it d id ”

“D id H elen come to the party?” “N o , she d id n ’t ”

“D id you r parents have a good trip?” “Yes, th ey d id ”

24 worked/got/went, etc (simple past) —► Unit 11

Exercises U N I T | 212.1 Complete these sentences with the verb in the negative.

1 I saw Barbara, but I didn't s e e Jane

2 They w orked on Monday, but th e y _

3 W e w ent to the post office, bu t w e _

4 She had a pen, but s h e _ any paper

5 Jack did some w ork in the yard, b u t he

on Tuesday,

to the bank

any w ork in the house

D i d you w a tch T V la st night

12.2 Write questions with Did ?

1 I w atched TV last night H ow about you?

2 I enjoyed the party H ow about you?

3 I had a nice vacation H ow about you?

4 I finished w ork early H ow about you?

5 I slept well last night H ow about you?

12.3 What did you do yesterday? Write positive or negative sentences.

6 (go to bed before 10:30)

12.4 Write B's questions Use:

cost g et to w ork g o go to b ed late h ap p en have a n ic e tim e -stay"- w in

1 A: W e w ent to Chicago last m onth.

5 A: W e came hom e by taxi.

2 A: I was late for the m eeting.

6 A: I’m tired this m orning.

3 A: I played tennis this afternoon.

7 A: W e w ent to the beach yesterday.

4 A: I had a nice vacation.

8 A: T he w indow is broken.

12.5 Put the verb in the correct form - positive, negative, or question.

1 We w ent to the movies, bu t the film w asn’t very good W e didn 't en jo y it (enjoy)

“W hy w eren’t you at the m eeting yesterday?” “I _ about it.” (know)

It was very w arm in the room , so I

“D id you call Chris this m orning?”

“I cut my hand this m orning.5

25

I was doing (past continuous)

He was at the gym.

He was sw im m in g in the pool

He wasn’t w atching television.

he was sw im m in g

► 4:15

he finished swimming

W as/w ere + -in g is the past continuous:

was n o t (w asn’t)

d o in g

w a tch in g

p la yin g

sw im m in g livin g ,

etc

weyouthey

w ere n o t (w eren ’t)

Question

was

I

hesheit

doing?

w atching? playing?

sw im m in g? living?,

etc

w ere

weyouthey

■ W h at w ere you d o in g at 11:30 yesterday? Were you w orking?

■ “W hat did he say?” “I don’t know I w asn ’t liste n in g ”

■ It was raining, so we didn’t go out.

■ In 2001 we w ere liv in g in Japan.

■ Today she’s w earing a skirt, b ut yesterday she was w ea rin g pants.

■ I w oke up early yesterday It was a beautiful m orning T he sun w as sh in in g, and the

birds w ere singin g.

Spelling (live -► living / run —>► running / lie -► lying, etc.) —► A ppendix 5

A m /is /a r e + -in g (present) —>► w a s/w e r e + -in g (past):

Present

M I’m w o r k in g (now).

■ It isn ’t rain in g (now).

■ W h at are you d o in g (now)?

Past

I was w o r k in g at 10:30 last night.

It w a sn ’t ra in in g w hen we w ent out

W h at w ere you d o in g at 3:00?

was/were —► Unit 10 I was doing and I did (past continuous and simple past) —► Unit 14

Exercises U N I T | J

13.1 Look at the pictures Where were these people at 3:00 yesterday afternoon? And what

were they doing? Write two sentences for each picture

i&sjm

miIJMd

3

at hom e at the supermarket in his car at the station in the park

1 ~Rgchel_ w as a t _ home S he was_ washing.TV. _

2 Jack and K a te _ They

13.3 Complete the questions Use was/were -ing Use what/where/why if necessary.

1 (von / live') W h e re w e r e you living in 1999? In Brazil

13.4 Look at the picture You saw Joe in the street yesterday afternoon What w as he

doing? Write positive or negative sentences.

1 (wear / a jacket) H e w a s n 't w e a rin g a iacket.

I was doing (past continuous) and

I did (simple past)

Jack was read in g

a book

The phone rang H e stop p ed reading H e answ ered the

phone

W hat happened? T he phone rang, (simple past)

W hat was Jack d o in g w hen the phone rang?

He w as read in g a book.

W hat d id he d o w hen the phone rang?

H e stop p ed reading and answ ered the phone.

Jack began reading before the phone rang.

So when the phone rang, he was reading.

he stopped reading

he answered the phone I

Simple past

M A: W hat d id you d o yesterday m orning?

B: W e played tennis, (from 10:00 to 11:30)

Start 10:00

'■ Jack read a book yesterday.

(= from beginning to end)

■ D id you w atch the basketball game on

television last night?

■ It d id n ’t rain w hile we were on vacation.

■ Jack was read in g a book w hen the

phone rang

■ Were you w a tc h in g television w hen

I called you?

■ It w asn ’t ra in in g w hen I got up.

■ I started w ork at 9:00 and fin ish ed at 4:30 At 2:30 I was w ork in g.

■ It w as rain in g w hen we w en t out (= it started raining before we w ent out)

■ I saw Lucy and Steve this m orning They w ere w a itin g at the bus stop.

■ Kelly fe ll asleep w hile she was reading.

I did (simple past) —► Units 11-12 I was doing (past continuous) —► Unit 13 while —► Unit 106