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Trang 1Presentation of textbook
Trang 2An Introduction to GMDSS
Contents
Preface Page 9
CHAPTER 1
THE GLOBAL MARITIME DISTRESS AND SAFETY SYSTEM Page 11
1.1 Introduction Page 11
1.2 Means of Communication - definitions Page 12
1.3 GNMSS system configuration Page 13
1.4 GMDSS Implementation Schedule Page 14
1.5 GMDSS - functional requirements Page 14
1.6 GMDSS ships - radio watch Page 15
1.7 Basic equipment - minimum requirements Page 16
1.8 Maintenance requirements for GMDSS equipment Page 21
1.9 The GMDSS Master Plan Page 21
1.10 EXERCISES - GMDSS Page 23
CHAPTER 2
SHIP’s ANTENNAS Page 25
2.1 General Information Page 25
2.2 Radio waves Page 26
2.3 Antenna length and resonance frequency Page 26
2.4 Radio wavelengths and frequencies Page 28
2.5 Unit of measurement: Hertz (Hz) Page 28
2.6 Table of wavelengths Page 30
2.7 Propagation of Radio Waves Page 31
2.8 VHF Page 32
2.9 MF Page 33
2.10 HF Page 34
2.11 Inmarsat-A/B antennas Page 35
2.12 Inmarsat-C antennas Page 36
2.13 Simplex transmission Page 37
2.14 Duplex transmission Page 37
2.15 Antenna maintenance Page 37
2.16 EYERCISES -ANTENNAS Page 43
CHAPTER 3
REGULATIONS AND TRAFFIC PROCEDURES Page 45
3.1 Ship's Radio Licenses Page 45
3.2 Radio Surveys and Radio Safety Certificates Page 45
3.3 Operation of the ship station - operator certificates Page 45
3.4 Observance of Secrecy Page 46
3.5 Priority for distress calls, distress messages and other messages concerning
the safety of lives at sea Page 46
3.6 Unauthorized transmissions Page 46
3.7 Control and adjustment of radio transmitters Page 46
3.8 Service documents Page 46
3.9 Radio log Page 47
3.10 Radio Telephony Communications - Calling Procedures Page 47
3.11 MF radio telephony (coast telephony) Page 51
3.12 The international distress and calling frequency 2182 kHz Page 51
3.13 General calling procedures Page 51
3.14 HF telephony Page 52
3.15 Traffic lists Page 53
Trang 3CHAPTER 4
DISTRESS SIGNALS AND DISTRESS TRAFFIC Page 55
4.1 Introduction Page 55
4.2 General regulations Page 55
4.3 The international distress and calling frequency 2182 kHz Page 56
4.4 Silence periods Page 56
4.5 The radiotelephony alarm signal Page 56
4.6 The distress signal - MAYDAY Page 57
4.7 The distress call Page 57
4.8 The distress message Page 57
4.9 Acknowledgement of receipt of a distress message Page 57
4.10 Distress traffic Page 58
4.11 Transmission of a distress message by a station not itself in distress Page 59
CHAPTER 5
URGENCY TRANSMISSIONS Page 61
5.1 Urgency signal Page 61
CHAPTER 6
SAFETY TRANSMISSIONS Page 63
6.1 Safety signals and messages Page 63
6.2 Medical advice - MEDICO Page 64
6.3 Exercises: Regulations and Traffic Procedures Page 65
6.4 Exercises - Distress, Urgency and Safety Traffic Page 65
CHAPTER 7
DSC - DIGITAL SELECTIVE CALLING Page 67
7.1 Background Page 67
7.2 DSC Page 67
7.3 The Individual Elements of the DSC Call Page 69
7.4 DSC routine call Page 70
7.5 Selective calling numbers in GMDSS Page 70
7.6 EXERCISES - DSC Page 72
CHAPTER 8
DSC PROCEDURES FOR VHF - MF AND HF Page 73
Introduction Page 73
8.1 Distress Page 73
8.2 Urgency Page 76
8.3 Safety Page 77
8.4 Public Correspondence Page 78
8.5 Testing the equipment used for distress and safety Page 80
8.6 Special conditions and procedures for DSC communication on HF Page 80
8.7 EXERCISES - DSC OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES Page 86
CHAPTER 9
INMARSAT Page 87
9.1 Introduction Page 87
9.2 A General Overview Page 88
9.3 The space segment Page 88
9.4 Coast Earth Stations (CES) Page 89
9.5 Network Co-ordinating Station (NCS) Page 90
9.6 Ship Earth Station (SES) Page 90
9.7 Inmarsat Mobile Number Page 91
9.8 Inmarsat Commissioning Page 92
9.9 Inmarsat system comparisons Page 93
9.10 EXERCISES - INMARSAT Page 94
Trang 4An Introduction to GMDSS
CHAPTER 10
INMARSAT-A Page 95
10.1 Communication services - Inmarsat-A Page 95
10.2 Inmarsat-A SES equipment Page 95
10.3 Antenna direction/tracking Page 98
10.4 The Ship's Plotted Position Page 98
10.5 The Ship's heading (Gyro course) Page 99
10.6 Azimuth angle Page 99
10.7 Elevation angle Page 99
10.8 Elevation angle map Page 100
10.9 Azimuth angle map Page 101
10.10 Distress Communication Page 102
10.11 Distress priority Page 102
10.12 How to send a Distress call by telex or telephone Page 102
10.13 Urgency and Safety priority Page 103
10.14 Making a telephone call Page 104
10.15 Sending a telex Page 105
10.16 Making a fax or data call Page 105
10.17 Inmarsat Service Partners and Access Codes Page 106
10.18 EXERCISES - INMARSAT-A Page 110
CHAPTER 11
INMARSAT-C Page 111
11.1 Introduction Page 111
11.2 System operation Page 111
11.3 Inmarsat-C Equipment Page 112
11.4 The Inmarsat-C system Page 112
11.5 Inmarsat Mobile Number (IMN)I Page 113
11.6 The Inmarsat-C Communication services Page 113
11.7 Accessing different networks using an Inmarsat-C SES Page 117
11.8 EXERCISES - INMARSAT-C Page 118
CHAPTER 12
INMARSAT-M/B Page 119
12.1 Introduction Page 119
12.2 Basic system architecture Page 119
12.3 System operation Page 119
12.4 Single and Multi-channel Inmarsat M and B SESs Page 121
12.5 Inmarsat M/B numbering scheme Page 122
12.6.1 Sending a DISTRESS message by telex using an Inmarsat-B SES Page 122
12.7.1 Making a telephone call Page 123
12.8 EXERCISES - INMARSAT-M/B Page 124
CHAPTER 13
TELEX OVER RADIO Page 125
13.1 Background Page 125
13.2 The System Page 125
13.3 The Modem Page 126
13.4 Modulation Page 127
13.5 ARQ Page 128
13.6 FEC Page 130
13.7 Maritex Page 131
13.8 EXERCISES Page 136
Trang 5CHAPTER 14
MARITIME SAFETY INFORMATION UNDER THE GMDSS Page 137
14.1 Background Page 137
14.2 The Navtex System Page 137
14.3 Navareas Page 137
14.4 Navarea I Page 137
14.5 Building up a Navtex Message Page 140
14.6 Examples of Navtex Messages Page 141
14.7 National Navtex service Page 142
14.8 The Navtex receiver Page 142
14.9 EGC - Enhanced Group Call Page 142
14.10 SafetyNET broadcast messages Page 144
14.11 Availability of MSI in different NAVAREAS/METAREAS Page 144
14.12 Reception of EGC messages - operating your EGC receiver Page 148
14.13 EGC - message examples Page 151
14.14 High frequency (HF) MSI Page 153
14.15 EXERCISES - NAVTEX, EGC Page 157
CHAPTER 15
EMERGENCY RADIO BEACONS Page 159
15.1 General Information Page 159
15.2 Different types of radio beacons Page 159
15.3 Basic Concepts of the COSPAS/SARSAT System Page 160
15.4 Facts about COSPAS/SARSAT as of December 1997 Page 164
15.5 The COSPAS/SARSAT Beacon Page 164
15.6 VHF emergency beacons for manual activation Page 168
15.7 The Inmarsat-E EPIRB Page 168
15.8 VHF Emergency Beacon (VHF beacon) Page 169
CHAPTER 16
SART - SEARCH AND RESCUE TRANSPONDERS
- PORTABLE VHF TRANSCEIVERS Page 171
16.1 Background Page 171
16.2 Range performance Page 171
16.3 Categories of SART Page 171
16.4 Test procedure Page 172
16.5 Specifications Page 172
16.6 Labels and marking Page 172
16.7 Portable VHF Transceivers Page 174
16.8 VHF Emergency Communication Sets Page 175
16.9 EXERCISES - EPIRB, SART, PORTABLE VHF TRANSCEIVERS Page 176
CHAPTER 17
POWER SUPPLIES Page 177
17.1 Radio batteries Page 177
17.2 Lead batteries Page 177
17.3 Ni-Fe batteries Page 179
17.4 Ni-Cd batteries Page 179
17.5 UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply) Page 180
17.6 Capacity requirements Page 181
17.7 EXERCISES - POWER SUPPLIES Page 183
Trang 6An Introduction to GMDSS
CHAPTER 18
MARITIME MOBILE TRAFFIC CHARGES Page 185
18.1 Radio telephone calls Page 185
18.2 Charges for radio telephone calls Page 185
18.3 Radiotelegrams Page 186
18.4 Keeping a Radio Log Page 188
18.5 Radio telex on the MF and HF bands Page 188
18.6 Telephone and telex via Inmarsat-A/B Page 189
18.7 Inmarsat-C Charges Page 191
18.8 EXERCISES - CHARGES Page 195
CHAPTER 19
FALSE ALERTS IN THE GMDSS Page 197
19.1 General Information Page 197
19.2 SAT-C Page 197
19.3 EPIRB Page 198
19.4 DSC Page 198
19.5 Guidelines for avoiding false distress alerts Page 199
19.6 Instructions for mariners and others for cancelling a false distress alert Page 203
19.7 EXERCISES - FALSE ALERTS IN THE GMDSS Page 204
CHAPTER 20
THE ROLE OF THE RCC IN THE GMDSS Page 205
20.1 THE 1974 SOLAS CONVENTION Page 205
20.2 THE GMDSS SYSTEM Page 205
20.3 RCC's - MRCC's - SAR CO-ORDINATION Page 206
20.4 Action by the first RCC on receipt of distress alert Page 208
20.5 A genuine rescue operation Page 208
20.6 RCC/MRCC in the Nordic countries Page 210
20.7 EXERCISES - THE ROLE OF THE RCC IN THE GMDSS Page 212
APPENDIX 1 Page 213
Elementary Fault Localisation and Repairs Page 213
APPENDIX 2 Page 215
ITU Publications - Admiralty List of Radio Signals Page 215
APPENDIX 3 Page 220
ABBREVIATIONS Page 220
APPENDIX 4 Page 222
Overview of GMDSS frequencies Page 222
REFERENCES Page 224
Trang 7Preface
General Information
Work on the development of a new global system for distress and safety communications was initiated ten years ago by IMO, the International Maritime Organization
The reasons for developing a new system were, amongst other things:
a) The inadequacy of existing distress and safety systems
b) Modem technology was already being used to increase the efficiency
of commercial traffic, while distress and safety communications were still using old technology and old-fashioned systems
The subsequent process of development resulted in the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), which the shipping industry was able to put into use on February 1, 1992
Objectives
The purpose of this book is to provide a theoretical description of, and thereby knowledge about, the basic features of the Maritime Mobile Services and the Maritime Mobile Satellite Services
The object is also to meet the requirements made in the "Examination Syllabus for General Operator's Certificate (GOC)" issued by the CEPT RR Project Team, which provides a detailed overview of the theoretical skills which must be attained by students during a GNMSS/GOC training course
The book provides an introduction to each individual system used on board vessels equipped in accordance with GMDSS requirements
Furthermore, it seeks to point out to users of GMDSS equipment the vital importance of understanding the limitations and possibilities of the different systems with regard to range and coverage
You will not find all the answers in "An Introduction to GMDSS", but using the book together with equipment manuals and ITU publications should enable you to deal with most of the problems that will arise during a GMDSS course
Intended Audience
This book is intended for a wide range of readers interested in maritime radio communications, such as:
o Navigators and radio officers requiring the certification provided by an additional GMDSS course
o Students finishing off a navigational education with a GMDSS training course
o GMDSS instructors at navigational colleges and training centres The book is also intended to be used as a teaching aid at GMDSS training centres and navigational academies
We have sought to build up the contents of this book by following a natural progression involving separate chapters concluded by relevant exercises which allow students to check up on the most important points of the subjects dealt with in each chapter
Trang 8Introducción al SMSSM
Published by Poseidon Education 1999
Trang 10An Introduction to GMDSS
The book is suitable for self-tuition and should be read prior to taking a GMDSS training course In our experience, preliminary studies will substantially increase understanding of the various GMDSS systems, thereby increasing the benefit of the GMDSS course
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the International Maritime Organization, Inmarsat, and the COSPAS/Sarsat Secretariat for their kind permission to reproduce several of their illustrations in this book We also wish to thank the producers of GMDSS equipment for allowing the use and reproduction of illustrations used in their brochures and data sheets
Finally, readers are invited to provide us with feedback regarding the contents of this book in order that we might achieve the best possible GMDSS system description
July 1999
Trang 11Presentation of workbook
Trang 12General Operator’s Certificate - Student’s Workbook
Contents
HF/MFNHF TELEPHONY EXERCISES Page 6
SHORT WAVE - HF Page 6
MEDIUM WAVE - MF Pace 7
VHF Page 8
DIFFERENT TELEPHONY BANDS Page 8
INTERNAL TEST PROGRAMME FOR THE SCANTI TRP 8400 TRANSMITTER Page 9
TROUBLE SHOOTING Page 9
DSC EXERCISES Page 10
SEARCH AND RESCUE (SAR) EXAMPLE NO 1 Page 16
SEARCH AND RESCUE (SAR) EXAMPLE NO 2 Page 22
SAR-EXERCISE NO 1 Page 29
SAR-EXERCISE NO 2 Page 34
SAR-EXERCISE NO 3 Page 39
INMARSAT-A EXERCISES Page 42
INMARSAT-B EXERCISES Page 49
INMARSAT-C EXERCISES Page 55
MES to Subscriber Page 55
NAVTEX EXERCISES Page 63
EPIRB EXERCISES Page 65
THE COSPAS-SARSAT EPIRB Page 65
THE INMARSAT EPIRB Page 65
THE SEARCH AND RESCUE TRANSPONDER (SART) Page 66
TELEX SPECIAL KEYS Page 67
THE ANSWERBACK CODE Page 67
EXAMPLE OF A TELEX MESSAGE Page 68
SERVICE CODES Page 68
SOME ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE TELEX SERVICE Page 68
SPECIAL ABBREVIATIONS USED IN RADIO TELEX Page 69
SOME ABBREVIATIONS USED BY COAST STATIONS Page 70
RADIOTELEX VIA THE MARITEX SYSTEM Page 71
EDITING A RADIOTELEGRAM Page 74
EDITING A TELEX MESSAGE Page 75
RADIOTELEX EXERCISES Page 76
MARITEX SYSTEM Page 76
APPENDIXES Page 84
Trang 13Dear Student!
The following pages will provide you with an overview of the basic knowledge
you will be working to attain over the next few weeks It may look overwhelming
at first, but for your comfort, you're not the first one to think so However, those
who make a concentrated effort usually get there in the end
You will not find all the answers in "An Introduction to GMDSS", but the book
will help you to understand the structure and limitations of the various GMDSS
systems By using "An Introduction to GMDSS" together with equipment
manuals and ITU publications, you should be able to deal with most of the
problems that will arise during the GMDSS course
However: Do not be afraid to ask questions The teacher is there to help you
- so keep him on his toes!
Now, take a good, deep breath and get stuck into it!
Good Luck!
Jann M Olsen
Tor R Kristensen