Oxford english plus 4 students book

VOCABULARY LANGUAGE FOCUS p6 I rregu la r verbs t p7 Past simple Key phrases: Asking about the past Object and subject questions Language pOint: GIVing p1l2 Vocabulary bank: Adjective

crnorro

-

-SSHlId X.LISlIHAINIl

CnIorro

I Build your vocabulary:

Adjectives + prepo sitions

Review: Unit 1 p16 Project: An interview summary: teenage years p17

plS-19 Relationships p20 Marriage

makefriends, get to know someone , I Study strategy: Reading for

fall out with someone, etc gis t

Pres ent perfec t + just , still, already Build your vocabulary: V erbs

Review: Unit 2 p26 Cumulative review: Starter-Unit 2 p27

p2S-29 Medical cien c e

operate, transplant, cure, etc

could, can , will be able t o

p30 Alternativ e therapy Build your vocabulary: Noun

W ords which are often confused

Review: Unit 4 p46 Cumulative review: Starter-Unit 4 p47

p4S-49 Body d coration

b eard, chain, dreadlocks, etc

Key phrases: Appearan c e

R e ex i ve pronoun s ; each other

pSO Fa s hion Build your vocabulary:

Ne g ative prefi xes

Review: Unit S pS6 Project: A webpage: an urban tribe pS7

pSS- S9 Nations and government

b rders, citizens , currency, etc

make and let

I p60 Micronation s Study strategy: Guessing

m e aning from conte x t Build your vocabulary:

Pre position s + nouns

Review: Unit 6 p66 Cumulative review: Starter-Unit 6 p67

p6S- 69 Attr i bu t es a nd p70 The Ye s Man

personality Build your vocabulary:

anxiety, confiden ce, generosity, et c Antonyms

Compari ng adj ecti ves and

adverbs

Review: Unit 7 p76 Project: A personality game p77

p S- 79 Morals

break a promise, hurt someone's

feelings , tell a lie, etc

I nd i rect req uests

Key phrases: Requests

pSO Honesty Build your vocabulary:

Collocations w ith ma ke and

p12 U s e s of get get married , et upset , etc

p22 E x treme a djectives

I awful, outstanding, exhausting ,

etc

p32 Phrasal v erbs

give up, cut down , ta ke up, e t c

Study strategy: Pre vie ing th e que stions

p42 Travel: v erbs

board, check in, set off, etc

pS2 Comm e r ce

I grower, exporter, importer, etc

Study strategy: Prediction

I p62 ban, elect, invest, Government policies etc

invite, order, refuse , etc

I Study strategy : Lea rn i ng verb patt e rn s

l Review: Unit S pS6 Cumulative review: Starter-Unit S pS7 English Plus Options: pS8 Extra listening and speaking; p96 Curriculum extra; pl04 Culture; pl12 Vocabulary ~ _ _ _ -~ -: rl

VOCABULARY LANGUAGE FOCUS

p6 I rregu la r verbs t p7 Past simple

Key phrases: Asking about the past Object and subject questions

Language pOint: GIVing p1l2 Vocabulary bank: Adjectives a d prepositions;

p23 Present perfect and ~ p24 Invitat ions p25 An email to a friend p89 Extra listening and speaking: Changing a plan past simple Key phrases: Making and Key phrases: Inviting a friend p97 Curriculum extra: Language and literature: Present perfect simple responding to invitations The realist novel

Language point: both and p105 Culture: Getting married in the UK

and continuous neither pm Vocabulary bank: Verbs and prepositions;

Extreme adjectives

p33 Past modals p34 E xchanging op inions p35 A d iscussion essay p90 Extra listening and speaking: Joining a

Key phrases: E xc hanging , Key phrases: Presenting health club

~ opinions , arguments p98 Curriculum extra: Biology: Healthy eating

I ' pl06 Culture: Snack culture in the UK , Language point: should, , Language point: Discourse p1l4 Vocabulary bank: Noun suffixes; At the doctor's

must, have to markers

p43 Present simple and p44 Asking for and giving p45 An email abou a visit p9l Extra listening and speaking: Buying a coach continuous for future I information i Key phrases: Presenting plans ticket

Key phrases: Asking I Key phrases: Asking for and , : p99 Curriculum extra: Physics and chemistry: about times and giving information Language pOint: Llnkers I Satellites and spacecraft

timetables Language point: will for p107 pl15 Vocabulary bankCulture: Volunteer holidays : Words which are often

spontaneous decisions confused; Methods of transport

p53 Passive: past, present I p54 Changing something in p55 A formal letter p92 Extra listening and speaking: Discussing and future a shop I Key phrases: Formal letters music

Pass ive: questions Key phrases: Changing Language point: Adverbs of plOO Curriculum extra: History: Child labour

clothes

degree

pl08 Culture: Punks pl16 Vocabulary bank : Negative prefixes; Fashion

p6 3 Second conditional p64 Apologizing and p65 An opinion essay p93 Extra listening and speaking: Doing an interview I First and second expressing regrets Key phrases: Opinions plOl Curriculum extra: Language and literature: conditionals I Key phrases: Apologizing and I Language point: References Word building: adjectives

p109 Culture: High school elections

I expressing regrets and pronouns

pl17 Vocabulary bank: Prepositions an d nouns;

I Language point: Regrets I I Protest about past and present

p73 Defining and non- , p74 Reacting to news and p75 An experience p94 Extra listening and speaking: Telling an defining relative clauses I sympathizing I Key phrases : Describing a interesting story

Key phrases: Sympathizing personal experience pl02 Curriculum extra: Biology: The brain

I Language point: Modifying pllO pl18 Culture: The British sense of Vocabulary bank: Antonyms; Expressions humour comparatives with up and down

p83 Reported and p84 Explaining and clarifyin g p85 A narrative : p95 Extra listening and speaking: Dealing with indi rect question s situations i Key phrases: T ellin g a story

I money Key phrases: Expla ining and Language point: Punctuation pl03 Curriculum extra: Civic and ethical education:

in dialogues plll Culture: Boot camps in the USA

I pl19 Vocabulary bank: Collocations with make and

do; Honesty and morals

Starter unit

1 1.02 Complete phrases 1-10 with the

verbs in the box Then listen and check

do go send down load pass get

get up s-peOO earn stay watch

3 Sally always carries her mobile phone

so that she can _ to her friends She's sending one now!

4 Tim doesn't _ at the weekend He

plays football on Saturday mornings

5 Rob needs to _ some _ He isn't

very fit!

6 Do you _ when you're on you r own?

Or do you have some interesting hobbies?

7 I'm doing my homework at the

moment I wa nt to _ my_

3 1.03 listen to liza and Sam doing

the Your lifestyle questionnaire Who

likes studying, liza or Sam?

4 ACTIVATE Do the Your lifestyle

questionnaire with a partner How

similar or different are your lifestyles?

Who has got a more active lifestyle?

J.low much time do you spelld J

doillg exercise each day?

About forty millutes , usually walk to alld from school

, dOIl't do much exercise 011 weekdays,

but' go swimmillg 011 ~aturdays

Which of these activities do you enjoy most?

a Going shopping b Watching TV

e Doing sport

How do you spend your time on Saturdays? Choose the statement which is most true for you

a I usually stay at home with my family

b I get up late and then I watch TV

e I usually do sport

How often do you

a send text messages? b read a book?

e go swimming?

When you get bored, what do you usually do?

a I watch TV b I have something to eat

e I go online

Do you ever make dinner for your family?

a No, never I hate cooking

b Yes, sometimes

e I sometimes make a meal, but only for me

Which of these things do you dislike most?

a Tidying my ro m b Getting up early

Present simple and continuous

1 Complete the sentences from exercise 2 on

page 4 Then answer questions a-Co

1 She's _ one now!

2 Tim _ get up late at the weekend

3 I _ my homework at the moment

4 1 _ online every day

a Which sentences are present simple and

which are present continuous?

b Which sentences refer to actions

happening now?

c Which sentences refer to repeated

actions or routines?

( More practice ~ Workbook page 5 )

2 Complete the email using the correct form

of the verbs in brackets

From: Kath y

- i P hil

,ow are things? Are you enjoying (you / enjoy) your

-oli day? , _ (you / like) Spain? 12_ (have) a

=ant astic time here in Greece We 3 _ (not stay)

a flat, we decided to camp this year instead

:[' 5 much more fun Every morning, 1 4 _ (go)

swi m ming very early I enjoy being on my own on

:,e beach Most people 5 _ (not come) until later

:::>f c ourse , my brother Scott 6 _ (not swim) with

e He never 7 _ (get up) before lunchtime!

= m ust go now Dad 8 _ (call) me He 9 _ (cook)

j n er on the barbecue and I think it's ready

athy

3 Write questions for 1-6 Then look at the

email and ask and answer the questions

with a partner

Kathy / have a good holiday?

Is Kathy having a good holiday?

1 Kathy's family / stay in a flat?

2 Kathy / like camping?

3 when / Kathy / go swimming?

4 what / Scott / do in the morning?

5 Kathy's dad / cook lunch?

6 they / have a barbecue?

Is Kathy having a good holiday?

1 I'm really tired I need

2 I enjoy sport, but I hate

3 I'm quite lazy I can't stand

4 I'm into maths I don't mind

5 I need to pass my exams I want

6 Ilike watching OVOs and I love

7 I'm into cooking I enjoy

8 I'm having a great time I don't want

a going to the cinema

b to be a lawyer when I'm older

h making dinner for my family

( More practice ~ Workbook page 5 )

Complete the sentences with your own ideas

Ilike 5 I need

2 I love 6 I don't mind

3 I hate 7 I don't want

4 I enjoy 8 I'm into

6 ACTIVATE Study the key phrases Then interview people in your class and find someone with the same interests as you Use the key phrases, the words in the box and your own ideas

KEY PHRASES 0 Talking about your

interests

Do you like / enjoy -ing? Yes, I (rea lIy) love it

Are you into -ing? It's OK / I don't mind it

No, I (really) hate it

( go online watch TV do exercise read get up late play video games

I can ask and

1 Look at the verbs in blue in the Memory quiz

2

Put them in the correct column below and

then complete the table

saw

Do the Memory quiz with a partner Who has

got the best memory?

+-_1 What was the last film that you saw?

-+-_2 When was the last time that you ate in

-+ +-_5 Who taught you at primary school?

+ -=:.6 How old were your parents on their last

birthdays?

-+ .: 7 What was the last song that you heard?

+ -:: 8 When did you last make your bed?

What mark did you get in your last

English exam?

-> _1_0 At what age did you first have a mobile

phone?

-+ ,,1 :: 1 Who spoke to you first at school today?

+- :.1=2 What did you do on your last birthday?

-+ ,,1-= 3 Who gave you a present for your last

birthday? What was it?

-+ ,,1-,,4 Who did you last buy a present for?

What was it?

6 • Starter unit

3 1.04 Study the key phrases Then listen to four dialogues and answer the questions

What was the last exam that you took?

2 When did you last go to London?

3 At what age did you first ride a horse?

4 What did you do on Saturday?

4 ACTIVATE Test your partner's memory again Write six new questions using the key phrases and your own ideas

At what age did you first see a film?

Past simple

1 Complete the sentences from the listening

on page 6 with the words in the box Then

answer questions a, band c

bought wasn't didn't were did

started

1'_ scared, but I was nervous

1_ some new clothes

You 3_young!

She 4 _ when she was only six

What 5 _you do on Saturday?

I 6 _ see you at the sports centre

a Which of the verbs are regular and

( More practice cO Workbook page 7 )

2 ~ 1.05 Listen to Tina talking about a

football match and answer the questions

Write complete sentences

What did Jim give Tina?

2 When was the match?

3 How d id they get to the match?

4 Did a lot of people watch the match?

5 Did Chelsea win the match?

6 How many goals did Drogba score?

7 Why was Jim sad?

3 Write true affirmative and negative

sentences about you

(go to a football match) last year

I went to a football match last year

I didn't go to a football match last year

, (watch TV) last night

2 (listen to music) yesterday

3 (meet friends) on Sunday

4 (do homework) yesterday

5 (play video games) this morning

6 (ride a bicycle) last week

7 (buy a present) last weekend

8 (be at home) on Saturday evening

Object and subject questions

4 Look at structures a and b Find three more

examples of structure b in the Memory quiz on

page 6 When do we not use did in a question?

a question word + did + subject + main verb

Who did you visit? I visited my aunt

Wh ich d id you get, the bus or the tra in?

I got the bus

(The question word refers to the object.)

b question word + main verb

Who visited you? My grandfather visited me Which cost more? The train cost more

(The question word refers to the subject.)

( More practice cO Workbook page 7 )

5 Complete the past simple questions with object or subject question forms Then ask and answer with

a partner

Who _ (sit) next to you on your first day at school?

2 What_ (you/talk)about?

3 Who _ (teach) you to read?

4 What books _ (you / read)?

5 What toys _ (you / have) when you were

young?

6 What _ (happen) to those toys?

7 Who _ (cook) dinner last night at home?

8 What _ (they / cook)?

6 ACTIVATE Find out about things your partner did

in the past Use the ideas in exercise 3 and the question words in the box Ask object and subject questions

( when what who where WhY)

When did you last go

1

Generations

Start thinking

What kind of hairstyles and clothes were

popular in the twentieth century?

2 When were mobile phones invented?

3 When did a person first walk on the moon?

Aims

Communication: I can

• talk about my habits when I was younger

• understand a text comparing generations

• talk about events at different times in

the past

• understand people talking about memories

• talk about past events and memories

• talk about events in the past

• write an account of a decade

• Past perfect and past simple

• Past simple and continuous

English Plus Options

Adjectives and prepositions;

1 a great invention 6 a place where there's poverty

2 a pop icon 7 a place where there's a war

3 a current crisis 8 a protest group

4 a recent craze 9 a booming world economy

5 a gadget 10 a modern weapon

2 1.06 Do the Generations quiz with a partner Then listen and check your answers

1) The generation born between the 1940s and the 1960s were called ( 'baby boomers' because ;

a the economy was booming

b there were a lot of births

e there was an energy crisis

,g) There were a lot of protests in the 1950s and 1960s What did the symbol on this banner mean before it became the universal symbol of peace?

a End poverty

b Stop the war

e Ban nuclear weapons

~ There are film, fashion and music icons

in every generation Both before and after her death in 1962, people adored Marilyn Monroe She was a

a film star and model

used to

3 Complete the sentences from the

Generations quiz Then choose the correct

words in the rules

This hairstyle _ be popular

2 Most teenagers _ have them

3 When _ people _ to wea r them?

RULESQ

a We use used to when we talk about a

past / present habit or state which is

the same / different now

b The negative form is didn't use to /

wasn't used to

c We form questions with was / did

( More practice c::::> Workbook page 9 )

nese boots are called platform

oots When did people use to

,year them?

a The 1960s

b The 1970s

C The 1990s

is gadget from the 1970s and

'980s was portable and played

.'obile phones were a new invention

~ the 1980s But until the end of the

"E90s, most teenagers didn't use to

- ?N e them because they were

a 1 00 expensive

'lIegal for under eighteens

- :.ne late 1990s, there was

4 Complete the sentences using the correct form

of used to and the verbs in the box

( send listen wear (x2) play have (x2) )

In the 1950s

Video games didn't use to exist

1 People _ to the rad io a lot

2 TVs _ black-and-white

3 _ people _ emails? No, there weren't any computers!

4 People _ phones in their pockets

5 _ families _ games together? Yes, they did Not many households _ a TV

6 Children _ electronic toys

7 _young people _ more formal clothes?

Yes, young people _jeans in the 1950s

5 Complete the text using the correct verbs and the correct form of used to

My parents were very a nti-TV, so I didn't use to watch TV when I was young In fact, they were 'anti' a lot of things They often I_to protests, but I 2_ with them I stayed with my gran She was a hairdresser and she 3 _ my hair 14_ a really cool hairstyle in those days It was great at her house 5 _ bored She 6 _ the piano and sing for me

6 ACTIVATE Find out about your partner's habits when he / she was seven years old Ask questions using used to and the ideas in the box ( sports clothes music food toys gadgets)

Did you use to play football when you were seven years old?

No, I didn't I used to play basketball

71

Q Finished?

Think of changes in your life in the last ten years

Write sentences using affirmative and negative forms of used to

I didn't use to send text messages when I was younger,

but I do now

Generations • 9

1 1.07 Which of these things do you

think were common in the 1950s? Which are

common now? Read, listen and compare your

answers with the text

ballrooms big bands mobile phones

computers jobs for women discos

black-and-white TV bad language

2 Read the text again Write true or false

Correct the false sentences

1 The cinema wasn't popular in the fifties

2 Alice's family bought a TV

3 Alice thinks that teenagers are spoilt today

4 8ecky th inks that the fifties style of clothes

was awful

5 Alice doesn't like the violence on TV today

6 Alice thinks that life is better for women

today

7 People get ma rried ea rl ier now tha n in the

fifties

8 8ecky is respectful to older people

3 BUILD YOUR VOCABULARY Complete the

sentences with prepositions Then check your

answers in the text

1 Most teenagers aren't keen _jazz

2 She's sometimes shocked _ the bad

language and violence on TV

3 She's cool_ most things

4 She's really interested _ that

5 I'm polite _ older people

4 Complete the sentences with the prepositions

in the box and your own ideas

(Of about for with from at )

I'm not very fond _

2 I never get bored _

3 These days people are crazy _

4 I'm not very good _

5 Marilyn Monroe was famous _

6 today are very different _ those in the

fifties

10 • Generations

5 YOUR OPINIONS Ask and answer the questions

1 How was life different for women in the fifties in your country?

2 Do parents spoil their children more now than in the past in your country?

3 Do you think people should respect the older generation? Why?

4 What dothe older generation think about the younger generation in your country?

5 Do you think it's better to be a teenager now than in the fifties? Why?

How different was a

years ago? Alice and her granddaughter, Becky, share their experiences and compare life today and in the fifties

'I was a teenager in the fifties

They were exciting times A lot

of terrible things had happened

in the Second World War and when it ended in 1945 peopl e

needed to have som e fun

Every Saturday, I used to go to a ballroom where a big band played live jazz There was a craze called swing dancing, which we lo v ed We went to the cinema

a lot, too It used to cost two shillings then *

Nowadays, there are so many machines a n d gadgets I remember that a family in our st ree t bought a black-and - white TV and we all went t o

their house to watch it I ' d only seen them in the shops before that And of course, in those days

w e hadn't seen a computer or a mobile phon e

I fin d most young people today are respe c tful, but they want everything now Maybe their parents buy them too many things.'

* Two shillings (1957) = te n pence

1 Study the timeline and the sentence Write

the events in the correct place on the timeline

Then choose the correct words in the rules

I visited my gran last weekend and she'd

found some of her old photos

_ _ _ 11

o RULES

a We use the past perfect to talk about

an action that happened before / after

another action in the past

b We use the past simple / past perfect for

the more recent action

c We form the past perfect with have / had

and a past participle

( More practice cO Workbook page 9 )

I v isited my gran last

.'" e kend and she'd found

so m e of her old photos

-nin g s are different now We go to discos,

::>u t w e don't dance to live music there Most

:e en agers aren't keen on jazz today and nobody

' l atches black-and-white TV anymore My gran

s sometimes shocked by the bad language

an d v iolence on TV, but she's cool about most

::flin s She thinks it's good that more women

s:u dy and work now She says women have more

o p p o rtunities now I want to do media studies

and she's really interested in that My gran left

sch o ol when she was sixteen and got married

h n she was twenty I think people wait longer

ese days By the time she was twenty-two, she

a,d my grandad had bought a house

: ' s t r ue that teenagers have got more these days,

ut I don't think we're all spoilt Some teenagers

=.an be rude, but I try to be ni ce and polite to

d er people because, like my gran says, I'll be

3 They_ (not invent) computers when Alice _ (be) young

4 By the time he _ (be) eighteen, he_ (leave) school and _ (find) a job

5 The band _ (not start) playing when we

_ (arrive)

6 In the 1950s, people _ (want) to enjoy themselves because they _ (have) a hard time during the war

3 Complete the sentences using the past perfect and your own ideas

The girl was in hospital because The girl was itl hospital because she had broketl her leg

1 We were tired because

2 By the time we arrived,

3 We went home after

4 Before I came to this school,

5 When I got into town I realized

6 Myfriend became crazy about after

partner had or hadn't done before arriving at school today

I had eatetl breakfast before

I arrived at school today

o Finished?

look again at the sentences in exercise 3 Think

of different ways to complete each sentence

The g i rl was i tl h os pital because her mother had had

a baby

Generations • 11

1 Complete the diagram with the words in the box

a driving licence better a bus up upset

7 ~ ., /

obtain / receive / buy Others

get a present for /

2 Complete the questions with expressions in

exercise 1 Then ask and answer with a partner

1 Do you usually _ early at the weekend?

2 Who do you _ best in your family?

3 Did you _ a _ for your mum last Christmas?

4 What _ do you want to _ when you leave

school?

S Will your English _ or worse this year?

6 Did you _ on your first day at school or were

you happy?

7 Do you usually walk to school or do you_?

3 1.08 Listen to the dialogues Match two

words with each of the people in the photos 1-4

married upset uncle tickets party test

a He saved up to buy a car

b He drove his friends to school

c He went out and bought a car

2 What was Maxine doing before she got to school on her first day?

a She was getting upset

b She was having breakfast and crying

c She was talking to her friends

3 What was Clare doing when she first heard the music?

a She was going out with Dave

b She was dancing at a party

c She was talking about Bob Marley

4 How did Joey and his uncle get the tickets?

a Joey's uncle gotthem

b They were a present

c They were a prize

S Why did Joey miss the goals?

a He wasn't paying attention

b He wasn't a fan of Manchester United

c He couldn't see the players very well ACTIVATE Find out what your partner remembers about the things in the box Use the phrases in exercise 1

your first day at school holidays when you were young parties journeys primary school school trips

What do you remember about your first day at school?

'7'

I remember that I got up really

early because I was so excited

1 Match sentences 1-3 from the listening on

page 12 with descriptions a-c Which tenses do

we use in each sentence?

I was watching the clock and I was getting

more and more upset

2 I was talking to my uncle when he scored

3 He gave me the money and I bought the car

a Two finished actions in the past

b Two past actions happening at the same

time

c An action which was in progress when

another action happened

( More practice ~ Workbook page 11 )

STUDY STRATEGY 0 Highlighting examples

of tenses

2 Copy five sentences from exercise 4 on page

12 Then underline different verb tenses

with different colours This will help you

to remember how the tenses are used and

formed

3 It) 109 Complete the questions in the

History quiz with a past simple and a past

continuous form Then do the quiz with a

partner Listen and check your answers

'\"here was Usain Bolt competing (Usain Bolt /

compete) when he won (he / win) his first

Olympic medal?

'Vhat new invention _ (Alexander Bell /

use) when _ (he / say), 'Mr Watsoq, come

here I want to see you'?

When _ (Titani c / hit) an iceberg in 1912,

where _ (it! travel) to?

'''hen _ (Neil Armstrong / say), 'That's

o e small step for man; one giant leap for

mankind', where _ (he / stand)?

Where _ (Isaac Newton / sit) when h e _

(discover) gravity?

'''here _ (Mark Zuckerberg / study) when

he _ (invent) Facebook?

'''here _ (people / celebrate) the new

millennium when they _ (take) this picture?

4 Complete the questions using the correct form

of the verbs in the box

meet do eat think wear ~fA·.'o' IJR use de get

What sports did you do when you were growing up?

1 What _ you _ for lunch last Wednesday?

2 Where_you _ your best friend?

3 When _ you first _ a mobile phone?

4 What _you _ about while you _ ready for bed last night?

5 What _ you _ at this time three days ago?

6 What _ you _ when you left the house

last Saturday?

5 Study the key phrases Which phrases can you use for things you have forgotten?

KEY PHRASES 0 Memories

I (can't) remember it clearly

I remember -ing

As far as I remember,

It was about years ago That's alii can remember

I can't remember anything about

6 ACTIVATE Work in pairs Find out about your partner's memories using the questions in exercise 4, the key phrases and your own ideas

r remember playing football when r was six

"

1 Look at the photo What do you think the relationship

between Colin and Dean is? What are they looking at?

2 1.10 Listen to the dialogue Which part of the

festival did Colin enjoy most?

Colin Did I ever tell you aboutthe Isle ofWight Festival?

Dean No, when was that?

Colin Oh, it was around forty years ago now I've got

some photos

Dean Oh, can I see? Were there many people there?

Colin Oh yes, there were over 600,000

Dean That sounds amazing! Did you have a good time?

Colin Yes, we did Fantastic! All the famous bands were

there - The Doors, The Who, everyone It was brillia nt But the best bit was at the end of the last day

Dean What happened then?

Colin My favourite band was playing and a girl started

dancing with me Look - a friend took this photo

Dean Is that you?

Colin Yes, and the girl is your gran We got married two

years later!

3 1.11 Complete the key phrases from the

dialogue Then listen and check your answers

Practise the dialogue with a partner

5 Complete the mini-dialogue with the key phrases Then change the words in blue and practise the new mini-dialogue

4

KEY PHRASES 0 Talking about a past event

Did I'_tell you about ?

When 2 _ that?

It was around forty years 3 _ now

Did you 4_ a good ti me?

The best 5 _ was

What 6_then?

1.12 Listen and choose the correct answers

1 a It was the best bit

b It was brilliant!

c It was around two years ago

2 a I'm having a fantastic time!

b What happened then?

c It was a bit boring actually

3 a No, when was that?

b What happened next?

c Yes, here it is

Rose It was 3 _ a year ago now Hannah 4_you have a good time? Rose Yes, we did The 5 _ bit was at

the end of the party

Hannah 6_ happened then?

Rose We hired a stretch limousine to

drive everyone home

6 ACTIVATE Prepare a new dialogue with a partner Imagine that you were at a concert

or a sports event Practise your dialogue Then change roles

1 Read the model text and answer the questions

1 Whattype of text is it?

a A historical account b A narrative

c A news item

2 Which paragraph describes fashions in the

sixties?

3 Which paragraph describes what had

cha nged by the end of the sixties?

4 How many bad things does the writer

mention?

5 What event did millions of people watch on TV?

he sixties was a decade which people remember

:or many reasons There were good times

and happy events such as music festivals like

Noodstock There were also difficult times, for

'lstance, the Vietnam War

• One of the most memorable events of the sixties

:ook place in 1969, when a person walked on

:he moon for the first time Over five hundred

illion people were watching on 21 st July when

eil Armstrong took the famous 'first step' A

:ragic event which shocked the world was the

assassination of President Kennedy in 1963

the world of music, there were a lot of pop artists

the charts, for example, The Beatles and The

oiling Stones In cinemas, James Bond was a big

-it There were six Bond films between 1962 and

• 969 Fashions were bright and interesting - it was

:"e era of miniskirts, long hair and hippy clothes

:SI the end of the decade, the world was a different

: ace People were more aware of issues such as

omen's rights and inventions like the calculator

:; d the satellite had changed their lives

2 Study the key phrases Which phrases introduce the paragraphs in the text?

decade

The was a decade which

There were good / bad / difficult times

One of the most memorable

In the world of music / films / fashion,

It was the era of

By the end of the decade, People were more aware of issues such as

Language point: Giving examples

3 Study the words in blue in the model text

Then complete sentences 1-4 with these words and your own ideas

1 There are some nice places near here _

2 She watches reality shows _

3 Ilike some unusual food, _

4 Some English verbs are irregular, _

4 ACTIVATE Follow the steps in the writing guide

What positive events happened in the Noughties?

2 Were there any difficult or tragic events?

3 What music and films were popular?

4 What were the fashions like?

5 What issues did people become more aware of?

6 What new inventions changed the world?

C WRITE

Paragraph 1: Introduction

The Noughties was a decade

Paragraph 2: Events

O"e of the most memorable

Paragraph 3: Music, film and fashion

I" the world of music,

Paragraph 4: How the world changed

By the e"d of the decade,

• past tenses

Generations 15

REVIEW 0 Unit 1

Vocabulary

1 Choose the correct words

During the energy crisis / protest, people had to save electricity

2 Many people protested against nuclear

gadgets / weapons

3 Approximately 14% of the population of the

UK live in poverty / economy

4 Marilyn Monroe was a fashion craze / icon

S People suffer during times of war / economy

6 My parents went to an anti-war protest /

invention

2 Match the sentence halves

1 They're keen a with football

2 Tom gets bored b by Dan's bad

3 I'm very fond language

4 Jill isn't interested c at skiing

S I'm not very good d on jazz

6 Mum was shocked e of chocolate

f in science

3 Complete the sentences with the words in

the box

GOb better upset married up present)

It's Anna's birthday I must get her a _

2 Dad got his first_when he was sixteen

3 You need to take your medicine so you get_

4 She gets _ when she sees programmes

a bout poverty

S My sister got _ in church last week

6 I can't get _ in the mornings

Language focus

4 Choose the correct words

When I got home I realized I 'd forgotten I

forgot my jacket

2 By the time I 'd gotl got there, everyone had

gone home

3 We watched Spider-Man 11 last night It's an

old film, but I saw / hadn't seen it before

4 We hadn't eaten I didn't eat dinner by the

time Dad got home

S I didn't recognize Liz because she'd cutl cut

her hair

6 I didn't play in the match on Sunday

because I 'd broken / broke my leg

16 • Review Unit 1

5 Complete the sentences Use the past simple

or the past continuous form of the verbs in brackets

Caroline _ (go) into the shop and _ (buy)

a new mobile phone

2 1_ (get) really bored while 1_ (wait) for

6 Match sentences 1-7 with responses a-g

1 What music did you use to listen to?

2 Did you get upset on your first day at school?

3 Did I ever tell you about my first holiday?

4 The best bit was when we got to Paris

S When was that?

6 We had a party after our last exam

7 Did you have a good time?

a What ha ppened then?

b It was around fifty years ago

c I don't think so I can't remember anything about when I was younger

d Yes, we really enjoyed it

e Did you have a good time?

f We used to be crazy about jazz

g No, when was that?

Listening

7 '0 1.13 Listen to Jenny describing an early memory Write true or false

1 Jenny used to live in the country

2 Her earliest memory is from when she was four

3 Her cat had caught a mouse in the house

4 The mouse escaped and hid under a chair

S Jen ny screa med a nd she a nd her m u m jumped onto the sofa

6 Her dad thought that the incident was funny

1 Read the interview summary Match paragraphs A-E

with the interview questions 1-5

What are your special memories?

2 What was different in the seventies?

3 What did teenagers wear then?

4 What music did you like?

5 Whatdidyoudoinyourfreetime?

-here was a lot less technology in those days People didn't have mobile

~ 'lo nes and they didn't text They didn't have the internet either, so when

~ e wanted to research something for school, he had to go to the library!

Sieve was into bands like Led Zeppelin, Queen and Pink Floyd He

'emembers that The Beatles were breaking up then There weren't any

:)s in those days People played vinyl records on big record players

5:eve and his friends used to ride bikes and spend time at each other's

"'~m e s There were no video games, so he used to read a lot of books!

Fashion was fun and very colourful

Trousers with wide bottoms were trendy and skirts were all different lengths It was fashionable for both girls and guys to have long hair

His special memories were of lazy evenings outdoors with his friends during the long hot summer of '76

It was so dry that there wasn't enough water and some houses had their supply cut off!

2 Write about an older person's teenage years Follow the steps in the project checklist

o PROJECT CHECKLIST

1 Work in pairs Think of an older person

who you can interview (a relative, a

neighbour, etc)

3 Interview the person and make notes of their answers

4 Write a summary of the interview

Organize your writing into sections

2 Prepare a short questionnaire Include

some of the questions above and your

own ideas

5 Find photos on the internet or in magazines

to illustrate the person's memories

3 Exchange your interview summary with the rest of the class Did any other students

ind out similar information?

Project 17

2

Happy

together

Start thinking

What is an arranged marriage?

2 What is the best age to get married?

3 What is a first date?

Aims

Communication: I can

• talk about friends and relationships

• understand a text about marriage

• talk about how long I have done something

• use extreme adjectives to describe

experiences

• talk about things that happened or started

in the past

• make a d respond to invitations

• write an email invitation to a friend

• Present perfect + just, still, already and yet

• Present perfect + for and since

Present perfect and past simple

• Present perfect simple and continuous

English Plus Options

Changing a plan

L nguage and literature:

The realist novel (~ Page 97 )

Getting married in the UK

of the phrases in blue Then check their meanings

problems in the text Match speakers 1-5 with the problems What advice would you give?

~ ' My family has just moved to a new town and I don't know anyone here I've never felt so lonely I've already joined a sports club, but I still haven't made any new friends I don't know how to get to know people What should I do?'

~ 'I've just fallen out with my best friend She's met a new group of people , but I don't get on with them She goes out with the others all the time and I feel left out Do you think I should make up with her? I don ' t know what to do.'

~ ' My brother got married last month I really like his wife Angie, but now he's left home I don't see him very often and I really miss him Has anyone ever had a similar experience?'

~ ' A friend introduced me to Tom a year ago We became close friends because we 've got a lot in common But he ' s changed recent l y He won't go out and he often sounds depressed He's never been like this before I haven't talked to him about it yet Should I be worried?'

~ 'I've just had an argument with my friend I feel sad because we've never argued before She says that I'm too young to get engaged She thinks I should concentrate on my studies and not get involved in a serious relationship.'

3 Complete the questions with the correct form

of the phrases in blue in the text Then ask

and answer with a partner

1 What is the best way to _ new friends?

2 What have you got_ with your best friend?

3 Have you ever had _ with a close friend?

How did you _ up with him / her?

4 When you _ with someone, do you forget

about it quickly?

5 Should young people wait until they have

finished studying before they get_ ?

6 What is a good way to _ people if you

start a new school?

Present perfect + just, still, already and yet

4 Complete the sentences from the text and answer questions a and b Then complete the table with sentences 1-4

My family has just moved to a new town

1 I've _joined a sports club

2 1_ haven't made any new friends

3 I haven'ttalked to him about it _

4 I ' ve _ had an argument with my friend

a Which of the adverbs do we use with

M y famil y has just

m oved to a new town

We think or hope that these things will happen

( More practice cO Workbook page 17 )

5 Rewrite the sentences with the correct adve r b in

brackets Then add them to the table in exercise 4

Has David phoned you? (still / yet)

"'as David phoned you yet?

1 I ' ve met the girl of my dreams (just / yet)

2 You're lucky I haven't met mine (still / already)

3 We've arrived (just / still)

4 Have you seen that new adventure film?

(still/yet)

5 Pat has seen it (already / yet)

6 I haven't been to the sports club (just / yet)

6 ACTIVATE Write about things you have or haven't done this week usingjust , still , already

has done the same thing

I've already been to the gym twice this week

~ o Finished?

Write four more problems for the problem page

problems to your partner and exchange advice

I've already f a iled two English exams this year

Happy together 19

STUDY STRATEGY 0 Reading for gist

1 When you read a text for the first time, try

to understand the general sense of it Look

at the title and the photo Then read the

text quickly Work in pairs Tell your partner

about the text using your own words

Summarize each paragraph in one or two

sentences

2 1.21 Read and listen to the text Write

true or false Correct the false sentences

1 In an arranged marriage, the parents of the

future couple organize the wedding

2 Imran hasn't told his parents about the girl

he met on holiday

3 Imran got on well with the girl his parents

introduced him to

4 Imran wants to marry the girl he met on

holiday when the time is right

S Samina thinks that arranged marriages

d n't work as well as love marriages

6 Samina thinks that a relationship needs

more than love for it to last

7 Samina says that perfect relationships only

exist in films

sentence with a preposition Then check your

answers in the text

He sometimes doesn't agree _ me

2 I'm thinking _ going to the party

3 She comes _ Rome

4 My cousin got married _ a chef

S The match ended _ victory for Liverpool

6 My brother has fallen _love with my best

friend

4 Choose the correct prepositions Then

complete the sentences with your own ideas

1 We sometimes argue about / to _

2 It's difficult to concentrate in / on _

3 It isn't necessary to pay of /for_

4 I once dreamt about / with _

S I don't believe of / in _

6 I try to / for _

20 • Happy together

questions

What do you think of arranged marriages?

2 At what age would you like to get married? Why?

3 What wedding traditions are there in your country?

4 Are there any wedding traditions which you like or dislike?

5 What's the secret of a happy relationship?

1 Complete the sentences from the text Then

complete the rules with for or since

1 I've known her _ August

2 They've been with their partners _years

o RULES

We use 1 _ with the present perfect when

we talk about the duration of a state or

action

We use 2 _ with the present perfect when

we talk about the point when a state or

action begins

( More practice q Workbook page 17 )

'I want to wait until the time is right.'

'There's a girl I like I've known her since August,

when we met on holiday I'm not thinking of telling

my parents yet because it's nothing serious, but I'm

n t sure that they will understand if I bring a girlfriend

h me I think that may be a problem in the future My

parents come from a country where families choose a

partner for their sons and daughters They introduced

me to a girl "from a good family" recently I hadn't

met her before, so she came to our house with her

mother and father It was a very formal occasion

8ecause they all think that this girl will be my future

.• ife, but we didn't have anything in common I'm

sixteen and I don't want to get married to anyone at

j,e moment I want to wait until the time is right and

::h ose my future partner myself It's difficult because I

'espect my parents and I don't want to upset them.'

77 ran, aged 16

used to think that "love" marriages were better

:"an arranged marriages, but I've changed my mind

'e<:ently I've met people who are happy in arranged

-ariages Maybe they weren't in love when they

;;)1 married, but with time they've learnt to love

;::"d respect their partners On the other hand,

50me people who are in "love" marriages split up

T-ey've been with their partners for years, but they

= ;:: out and their marriages end in failure I think a

':: ationship needs commitment Love isn't enough

:-:ts own The couple must be understanding and

:cJent and build up their relationship over time

=::-:;ole can't just fall in love, get married and hope

.=: everything will be perfect forever That only

-;:::mens in films.'

;2:;-i n , aged 1 7

2 Complete the table with the time expressions

in the box Then think of more examples and add them to the table

last Ti'lufsday I was ten ages 2009 ten years the start of the lesson

a few minutes a week January

6 -.-. - , last Thursday

• / "

,Y • ",' ,

3 Complete the text with for or since Add the

time expressions to the table in exercise 2

Cultural

I've known Imran 1 _ six months We've been good friends 2 _ last summer We haven't had many arguments 3 _ we met, but

we argued last week He's been strange with all his friends 4 _ a while now His parents have lived here

5 _ a long time, but they think Imran should have a wife from their culture

He hasn't spoken to me 6 _ we fell out I don't know what I can do

4 Complete the sentences with information about you Use for and since

(be) friends with

I've beell friellds with Marco for six years

1 (know) my teacher 4 (live) here

2 (be) in this class 5 (understand) English

3 (have) a mobile phone 6 (not have) an exam

5 ACTIVATE Interview your partner about how long they have done things Use for and since,

the ideas in exercise 4 and your own ideas

How 10llg have you

1 1.22 Match adjectives 1-9 with the

extreme adjectives in the box Then listen and

check your answers

awful outstanding exhausting

hilarious gorgeous unforgettable

terrifying revolting furious faseiflatil'lg

interesting fascillatillg 5 frightening

( Pronunciation: Word stress ~ Workbook page 90 )

2 Work in pairs Ask and answer 1-6 using

extreme adjectives

film / good? No

( No, it was awfu Q

journey / tiring? Yes

2 lesson / boring? No

3 dad / angry? Yes

4 food / tasty? No

5 TVprogramme/funny?Yes

6 exam results / bad? No

Some of our readers' ideas for great dates

do a bungee jump

go to a funfair

walk in the moonlight

play beach volleyball

to the theatre

learn to dance salsa climb a mountain watch a horror film

go to a basketball match eat sushi

3 Read the ideas for great dates Tell your partner which things you have and haven't done Use adjectives in exercise 1

I've lIever dOlle a bUlIgee jump It looks terrifyillg

4 1.23 Listen Which three activities in exercise 3 do the people mention?

5 1.2 3 Listen again Complete the table

What's the most hilarious film you've ever seell?

Present perfect and past simple

1 Study the sentences from the listening on page

22 Complete the table with the time expressions

in blue Do we use the present perfect with

finished or unfinished time expressions?

I haven't been out much this week

2 I've been out with Sam a few times this month

3 That guy you met a couple of months ago

4 We went to a play on Sunday

S Have you seen Charlie today?

6 I didn't see him yesterday either

I \!llUllJl:lJ1.:j,!J ~1.!)flllI.IJ this week

i

( More practice cO Workbook page 19 )

2 f.8 1.24 Complete the text using the present

perfect or the past simple form of the verbs in

brackets Listen and check Then add the time

expressions in blue to the table in exercise 1

I , _ (meet) Andy on a diving

course when I was seventeen

We 2 _ (be) together since then a d in the last six years

we 3 _ (visit) some awesome

places on our holidays Last month, we 4 _ (decide) to get married The wedding 5 _ (be) great, but exh usting because

we were underwater and I

6 _ (have) a big wedding dress

on Since we got married, we

7 _ (not have) time to think

or relax These last few weeks

8 _ (go) very fast Time flies

when you're in love

3 Work in pairs Ask and answer questions about

what you have done this year Use the time

expressions in exercise 1, the phrases in the

box and your own ideas

ride a horse lose some money

swim in the sea do any sport eat foreign food

j !ave you ridden a

horse this year?

c;E en was that? )

Yes , I rode OM when

I was on holiday

It was last July

Present perfect simple and continuous

4 Study sentences a-d and match them with descriptions 1-4 When do we use the present perfect simple and when do we use the continuous?

a I'm exhausted I've been running

b I've run three long distance races

c I've been running for 30 minutes

d I've always liked running

1 An action that is finished and complete

2 A verb which describes a state

3 An action that started in the past and is still going on

4 An action that has recently stopped and which explains the present situation ( More practice cO Workbook page 19 )

5 Complete the sentences with the present perfect simple or continuous form of the verbs

in brackets

1 _ (read) one of his books, but I didn't like it

2 1_ (try) to phone Anna all day Is she there?

3 We _ (drive) for hours and we still haven't

arrived

4 Hurray! We _ (finish) at last!

S We _ (already / see) this film twice It's brilliant

6 1 _ (look) for my keys for ages, but I can't find them!

7 How long _ you _ (learn) English?

8 They're terrified They _ (watch) a horror film

6 ACTIVATE Work in pairs Give explanations for

1-6 Use the present perfect continuous

1 You look cold

2 Her English is good

3 You're wet

4 The room's a mess

S The teacher's angry

1 Look at the photo Where are Marie and Dean?

2 1.25 Listen to the dialogue Does Marie accept

Dean's invitation?

Marie Hi, Dean I haven't seen you for a while How are

things?

Dean Not bad How are you?

Marie I'm OK What are you doing in town today?

Dean Oh, I've just returned some books to the library

Marie Hey, I'm going to Tate's for coffee Have you got

time for one?

Dean I can't, I'm afraid, I've got to get home Sorry!

Marie No problem I haven't got much time anyway

Dean Have you seen that new horror film yet? It's on at

the cinema in town this week

Marie No, I haven't, but I've heard it's terrifying

Dean I'm going to see it with some friends tomorrow

Do you fancy coming?

Marie I'd love to What time?

Dean I'm not sure I'll text you, OK?

Marie That would be great See you later then, Dean

Dean OK Bye, Marie

3 1.26 Complete the key phrases from the

dialogue Which phrase is used to refuse an

invitation politely? Listen and check Then

practise the dialogue with a partner

KEY PHRASES 0 Making and responding

4 Order sentences a-d to make a different

ending for the dialogue Then practise the

dialogue again

Dean I'm going to see it with some friends

tomorrow Do you fancy coming?

a Oh, I see OK then Bye, Marie

b Oh well, maybe we can go out next week

c I can't, I'm afraid I'm going out with my

a sushi restaurant

I can't, I'm afraid, I've already

got a date tonight

6 ACTIVATE Prepare and practise a new dialogue with a partner Use the information below or your own ideas Decide if you want to accept

or refuse the invitation Then change roles

The Twin

at the Central Saturday 14 November

8.00 p.m

1 Read the model text and answer the questions

Who is early writing to? Why is she writing?

2 Which paragraph gives early's news?

3 Where did early go last week?

4 Which paragraph gives details of the course?

5 How did early hear about the water sports

centre?

Hi Paul

1 How are things? I hope you had a good t ime

in Spain Did you make any new friends?

2 I haven't done much since the start of the

holidays I've been relaxing at home most of

the time Things are quiet here because most

of my friends have gone away I've been out

with Jan a few times We went to a music

festival in Kingston last weekend It was

good fun, but it rained on Sunday

3 Have you made any plans for August? Do

you fancy going on a four-day surfing course

with me in the first week? Neither of us has

been surfing before, so it would be a new

experience The course is at a water sports

centre near Porthkerris in Cornwall and

it doesn't cost a lot Apparently there's a

campsite at the centre and everyone is very

friendly My cousins told me about it Both

of them have been there and they say it's

brilliant I've attached a link to the course

w ebsite so you can have a look

4 What do you reckon? I think it sounds like

fun I really hope that you can come

Let me know then

Carly

2 Study the key phrases Which phrase is used to

make an invitation?

KEY PHRASES 0 Inviting a friend

Have you made any plans for ?

Let me know then

I rea lIy hope that you

What do you reckon?

Do you fancy ?

3 Study the examples Then write sentences with

both or neither Include the pronouns in brackets

Both of them have been there = plural verb

Neither of us has been diving = singular verb Paul is happy You're happy (you)

Bo th of y ou are happy

, He can't dive I can't dive (us)

2 Tom doesn't eat meat Jo doesn't eat meat

(them)

3 Sandra is laughing David is laughing (them)

4 She isn't going He isn't going (them)

5 I've been on holiday She's been on holiday

B THINK AND PLAN

Where are you? What have you been doing lately?

2 What did you do last weekend? What happened?

3 What do you want to do with your friend?

4 When do you want to do it?

5 Where could you stay?

6 What is it like?

7 Who told you about it?

C WRITE

Paragraph 1 Introduction I hope you

Paragraph 2: Your news I've I haven ' t

Paragraph 3: What you want to do

Do you fanc y go i ng ? Paragraph 4: Conclusion What do yo u r eck on?

REVIEW 0 Unit 2

Vocabulary

1 Complete the dialogue with the words in the box

gets met common made fell out

introduce know

Dan Have you'_ many new friends?

Zoe No, I haven't got to 2 _ many people yet

and I haven't got a lot in 3 _w ith the ones I have met I really miss myoid friends!

Dan Have you 4 _ Sally? She's nice Everyone

5_ on with her I can 6 you to her if you like

Zoe Sally Fields? I've already met her 17_

with her on the first day!

2 Reorder the letters to make extreme adjectives

Then write definitions of the adjectives

3 Complete the sentences using the present perfect

simple or past simple form of the verbs in brackets

, I_late to school twice this week (be)

2 1_ Sam since last February (know)

3 We _ a fantastic holiday in Spain last year

(have)

4 Sam _to the football match yesterday (not go)

5 When _your parents _ married? (get)

6 She _ her lunch yet (not eat)

4 Complete the sentences with the words in

the box

yet (x2) just (X2) for already since

still

David hasn't told his parents_

2 He's really happy He's _ heard that he's

passed the exam

3 I've been here now _ an hour and Jim_

hasn't come

4 Have you met Ella_?

5 They've been friends _ they were little

6 No, I'm not coming I've _ seen that film

7 I've _ been introduced to Vie I didn't know

her before

26 • Review Unit 2

5 Choose the correct words

You look very hot Rave you been running / run?

2 How many times has he been playing / played this CD?

3 I'm excited because I've never been visiting / visited the USA before

4 Have you been waiting / waited for a very longtime?

5 We've been seeing / seen three films today

6 I haven't been listening / listened What did you say?

Sue Hi, Mark I haven't seen you '_

Where have you been?

Mark Nowhere I've just been busy

Sue Have you got 2 _ for a coffee now? Mark Sorry I've got to get back Maybe another ti me

Sue No problem 3 _ going to a concert tomorrow? I'm going with some friends and there's a spare ticket Mark Who's playing?

Sue It's a band called Spikes 4 _ they're really good

Mark I'd 5 _ What time?

Speaker 1 _ Speaker 2 _

Speaker 3 _ Speaker4 _

a My best friend didn't know anyone at school

b I've never fallen out with my best friend

c My best friend is very different from me

d My best friend is getting married to my brother

e I was angry with my best friend

Listening

1 Look at the photos and answer the questions

1 Which activities are dangerous? What risks

are the people taking?

2 Why do people do these activities?

3 How do you think the people feel?

4 Which activity would you like to try?

2 It; 1.28 Listen to a conversation What new

sport has Max tried?

3 ~ 1 28 Listen again and complete the

sentences

Annie was going too fast to see a lot of_

when she was on the canopy zipwire

2 Max went climbing with _ other people

3 Max met Dan when he went _last summer

4 _ has already climbed Mont Blanc

5 They started the climb at _ in the morning

6 The view from the top ofthe mountain

4 Work in pairs and prepare a conversation

Imagine you are going on an 'extreme

weekend' One of you has been on a

weekend like this before and is describing the

experience Answer the questions

What extreme activity did you do last time?

2 When'-a-nd where did you do it?

3 What was it like? How did you feel?

4 What did you enjoy most / least?

5 When are you planning to go on the trip?

5 Have a conversation Use your ideas in exercise

4 and the chart below to help you One of you

is A and one of you is B Change roles

A Did I ever tell you about ?

A Give details of the event

A Describe your feelings

B No, when was that?

B Ask what it was like

B Comment on the experience

B Accept

B Suggest another date

6 Write an email to a friend Describe your extreme weekend Include details of the weekend and describe one exciting or frightening incident Begin like this:

I've done 5:omething really amazing I've bun • with

We went It wa5: the m05:t exciting I terrifying I amazing thing I've ever done

Cumulative review Starter-Unit 2 27

3

Health

matters

Start thinking

1 When did doctors first use anaesthetic?

2 What do you think zootherapy is?

3 What are the secrets of long life?

Aims

Communication: I can •

• talk about ability and possibility

• understand a text about alternative

medicine

• talk about things that are possible or

certain

• talk about a healthy lifestyle

• speculate about the past

• exchange opinions with other people

• write a discussion essay

Vocabulary

• Medical science

• Phrasal verbs

Language focus

• could, can, will be able to

• may, might, could, must, can't

• Past modals

• should, must, have to

English Plus Options

Joining a health club

Biology: Healthy eating

28 • Health matters

1 Check the meaning of the verbs in blue in the Healthquiz

Which words are similar in your language? Complete the table with the infinitives of these verbs and nouns 1-12

operation 5 prevention 9 treatment

2 transplant 6 cause 10 development

3 suffering 7 discovery 11 experiment

E Surgeons can transplant human brains now

, Millions of people every year suffer from colds, but we still can't cure this common illness In the future, we will probably be able to prevent people getting colds, but we probably won't be able to cure them

E Between 1918 and 1920, medical science couldn't prevent a flu epidemic which caused the deaths of approximately 50 million people

_ In 1928, Marie Curie discovered antibiotics by accident while she was researching radiation

E Before the invention of X-rays, doctors couldn't treat people with broken legs or arms

IIJ Scientists are now developing nanobots These microscopic robots will be able to prevent and cure diseases from inside our bodies

E Scientists experimented with the first animal clones in the 19th century and in the early 20th century, they could clone humans

3 Choose the correct words in the Top ten

medical advances Which do you think

are the most and least important?

Which are the most recent?

A suffering / cure for malaria ' !

~ The cause / discovery of antibiotics

Developing / Suffering a vaccine for flu

Clones / Operations to treat obesity

Drugs which prevent / discover depression

•• Heart transplants / developments

Research / Cures into the causes of cancer

Genetic therapy and causes / experiments

with clones

•• The development / prevention of the

common cold

I A treatment / transplant for headaches

could, can, will be able to

4 Complete sentences a-c from the Health quiz Then answer questions 1-3

a We still_ cure this common illness

b Doctors _ operate on people, but they didn't have anaesthetic

c Robots _ prevent and cure diseases

Which sentences express ability?

2 Which sentence expresses ability and possibility?

3 Which sentence refers to the

a past? b present? c future?

( More practice cO Workbook page 25 )

5 Complete the text with affirmative and negative forms

of can, could and will be able to

When Rob Thompson was born,

he had a defective immune system,

so his body couldll' t fight against

diseases He 1_ only survive inside

a sterile plastic bubble or room He

2 _ play outside with friends But thanks to a new treatment, Rob

3 _ now do most of the things that

he wants to do, although he 4 _ live without special drugs

In the future, scientists 5 _ help other people like Rob with gene therapy They 6 _ improve the treatment for this illness and maybe even find a cure one day

I,, ~ , *\.i;"" , ,,_ · ;;;;;S"'f,Jlii

6 ACTIVATE Make sentences using the phrases in the chart and affirmative and negative forms of can, could and will

be able to Then interview your partner about their ideas

When I was younger,

In the past, These days, Soon,

I hope that one day,

In the future,

my best friend

my parents people scientists

transplant brains use a computer explain the universe treat a lot of diseases

lve for 120 years speak English run 50 km/h

I could speak EIIglish whell

I was youlIger Could youP

7 ' No, I couldll't, but I

could use a computer

o Finished?

Write sentences about past, present and future technological advances Use eould(n't}, ean{'t}, and will /

won't be able to

III the Iqth celltury, people couldll't travel by plalle

.'~.>c , •.• , , _ · ·A

Health matters 29

1 Look at the photos and the title of the text and

answer the questions Then read the text and

check your answers

What are the animals?

2 How do you think they're helping to treat

people in each pictu re?

a-e There is one extra sentence that you do

not need Listen and check your answers

a For example, they noticed that people who

were ill usually became much happier when they were with their horses

b It can also be a very good cure for other

behavioural problems like aggressiveness

c However, doctors who use these treatments

are sure they help patients

d They agree that zootherapy can't cure

everything

e Some skin diseases are difficult to treat with

modern medicine

3 BUILD YOUR VOCABULARY Complete the

table with words from the text What suffixes

are used to form the nouns?

4 Complete the sentences with a noun formed

from the words in brackets Use the suffixes in

the box

( -ion -ness -ist -ence -ment )

-Is there a cure for _? (sad)

2 We can test people's _ (intelligent)

3 People get a lot of_from animals (enjoy)

4 There's a strong _ between humans and

animals (connect)

5 The doctor's _ asked me to wait in the

waiting room (reception)

30 • Health matters

5 YOUR OPINIONS Ask and answer the questions Which of the treatments in the text would you accept or refuse? Why?

2 In your opinion, is it good for people to have pets? Why / Why not?

3 Which do you think is better, alternative medicine or conventional medicine?

4 What other alternative medicines do you know? What's your opinion about them?

5 What alternative medicines are popular in

saw doctors using bees

A specialist was using the stings from bees to help people suffering from arthritis The treatment

is called apitherapy and although the stings must hurt, patients say that they feel much better afterwards because the treatment reduces the pain In another part of the same clinic, a boy had his foot in a bath of small fish The fish were cleaning an infection of the skin on his foot 1 _ Research has shown that for people with these skin problems, this fish therapy could be more effective

1 Study the modal forms in blue in sentences 1-5

Then choose the correct options in the rules

The stings must hurt

2 This fish therapy could be more effective

than creams and drugs

3 Some people may find it difficult to believe

4 They can't be imaginary

5 It might be good for you

o RULES

a We ca n use may, might a nd could to

express possibility / ability

b We use must and can ' t when we are /

aren't certain about things

c We do / don't use to after a modal verb

( More practice c::O Workbook page 25 )

=~ Europe, we've become more interested in

~ :ernative treatments like these in recent times,

:~t Chinese practitioners have been using methods

e apitherapy for thousands of years The

- cient G reeks also understood the benefits of

_,,'ng animals to cure or improve certain medical

:'oblems 2 _ They also believed that dogs could

-O' p cure certain illnesses

's form of zootherapy is still popular The

::'nestic animals such as dogs and donkeys It's

_c.'licularly effective for people suffering from

=O';)ression or loneliness 3 _ The scientific reasons

:': ' :his aren't 100% clear, but it seems that if we

-~.e contact with friendly, gentle, calm animals,

= also become friendlier, gentler and calmer

-=:"'1e people may find it difficult to believe that

::5e u usual treatments work 4_ The doctors

2 :h t the positive effects of animal treatments

= = so clear that they can't be imaginary, as some

'-:::0 e suggest So, if in the future, your doctor

-:;-:5 to treat you with a dog, some fish or some

~5 don't be surprised - it might be good for you!

2 Choose the correct words

You're improving Perhaps you might / can't play in the school team one day

2 Her leg can't / might be broken She can still walk

3 That experiment must / may work, but I'm not totally confident

4 The treatment could / must be good All the patients are better

5 The weather is bad, but with luck it can't / might change

6 Acupuncture might / must help you I'm not sure, I've never tried it

3 Make sentences using the modal verbs in exercise 1 and the words in brackets Then compare your answers with a partner

Sarah is crying (in pain)

She may be ill paill

1 Your friend looks ill (flu)

2 Richard is asleep (tired)

3 They are speaking Spanish (Mexican)

4 The teacher is laughing (angry)

5 Lucy has gone to hospital (ill)

6 Andy works in a hospital (surgeon)

4 ACTIVATE Exchange opinions about topics 1-6 using the phrases in the box and the modal verbs in exercise 1

be fun be effective relax you be healthy

be good exercise be boring be difficult

be a good idea hurt

acu pu nctu re 4 being with pets

2 doing a triathlon 5 doingyoga

3 smoking 6 resea rch into the

1 Match the phrasal verbs in blue in The

eight-point health plan with synonyms a-h

Cut down on sugar

Take up a hobby or sport

Work out in a gym once a week

Turn off your TV and computer more often

Call on family and friends frequently

Talk to people It can help you to get over

problems

STUDY STRATEGY 0 Previewing the

questions

2 Before you listen, read exercises 3 and 4

carefully and underline key words This will

help you to understand the dialogue more

easily It will also help you to focus on the

answers while you are listening

32 • Health matters

longer, live better article Then listen What is a

centenarian?

4 0 1.35 Listen again and write true or false

The Japanese lady hasn't stopped working

2 James has to take up waterskiing

3 Some of the people in the article smoke

4 We should all give up chocolate

S Sharingyour problems helps you to feel good

6 All of the people have a similar attitude to life

could improve your lifestyles Think about the topics in the box and use the phrasal verbs in exercise 1

sport and exercise work social life family food bad habits

I don't do much exercise

Why don't you take up basketball or swimming?

How can you live longer? This week's special feature looks at super centenarians from around the world

1

2

Study the modal forms in blue in sentences

1-4 Then answer questions a and b

lived until she was a hundred

2 He can't have done a lot of exercise He's not

very fit

3 She could have given up eating so much

junk food She's lost a lot of weight

4 My grandad might have smoked when he

was young More people smoked in those

days

a Which of the past modal verbs

expresses a strong probability that

something is true?

expresses a strong probability that

something is not true?

expresses a possibility that something

is true?

b When we speculate about the past, we

make sentences with a modal verb + _ +

past participle of the main verb

( More practice c::O Workbook page 27 )

Rewrite these sentences in the past form

She must live in the USA

She must have lived iH the USA

1 They could be 70 years old

2 He can't be a hundred years old He's still

working

3 She might cut down on chocolate

4 He must work out a lot

5 She could go without dessert

6 They might take up basketball

3 Choose the correct words

James couldn't finish the long-distance race

He might / can't have had an injury

2 My grandma played tennis until she was 80

She can't / must have been very fit

3 I'm not sure who phoned I missed the call

I suppose it must / could have been my

sister

4 Sophia is early today She must / can't have

overslept

5 Jacob looks upset He must / can't have

done badly in the test

6 Elena is away on holiday at the moment

You can't / could have seen her yesterday

Sally wasn't at school yesterday (be ill)

2 Bob looks pleased (receive some good news)

3 Fred was heading for the tennis court and

he was carrying a sports bag (take up tennis)

4 Max has been in hospital for a long time

~ 1.36 Listen to five dialogues and speculate about what has happened Use past modals

to give your reasons

ACTIVATE Work in groups Look at the photos and speculate about the situation Think about what has happened and why Use past modals to give your reasons Then tell the rest of the class

o Finished?

Imagine life in ancient times Write sentences about people's lives, diets and health using past moda/s

they had baths together

I

Health matters 33

1 Look at the photo What are the posters

campaigning against?

has got the clearest message?

Marie Hi, Dean Have you seen these?

All the students in the school have to say which one's best, and why

Dean Oh, OK Well, that one's only got text To be

really effective , it should definitely have a

Do you agree?

Dean I'm not sure about that I reckon it should be

more positive Of course the message must

be clear, but it shouldn't try to scare us

expresses a strong opinion? Practise the dialogue

It should definitely

What do you think?

I can't really decide,

I suppose

Do you agree?

I'm not sure about that

I reckon it should be more You might be right

Language point: should, must, have to

1 You shouldn't smoke It's dangerous

2 You mustn't take drugs It's illegal

3 You don't have to diet It isn't healthy

4 You have to give your opinion

S The message should be clearer

o RULES

a We can use must / have to to express

obligation

b We use should / must to express advice

c We use mustn ' tto express prohibition

d We use don ' t have to to express a lack of

o ligation

( More practice q Workbook page 27 )

( Pronunciation : Weak fo r ms q Workbook page 90 )

34 • Health matters

5 Work in pairs Talk about opinions 1-4 Use the key phrases in exercise 3

We have to use animals to test drugs

4 Cigarettes must be made illegal

6 ACTIVATE Look at the anti-smoking posters

your dialogue Then change roles

WHAT A

WASTE

- -- - - -

2 Complete the key phrases Then read the

model text and check

KEY PHRASES 0 Presenting arguments

There are arguments both'_ and 2 _

One of the 3_ for is

In addition,

On the 4 _ hand,

Ails_ail,

I am (not) in 6 _ of

Language point: Discourse markers

3 Which words or phrases in the box can you

use to replace the phrases in blue in the text?

Complete the table furthermore but also to sum up what's more in conclusion however

on the other hand even though

Adding Contrasting Summarizing

- - - - - - -

-ill ad d itioll although all ill all

4 Choose the correct words in sentences 1-6

This experiment is dangerous In addition /

To sum up, it's expensive

2 Although / Also she was tired, she helped us

3 You need to work out On the other hand / What's more, you need to change your diet

4 The operation is dangerous In conclusion / However, there is no alternative

S You can have an operation On the other hand / All in all, you could try acupuncture

6 I've got your test results and all in all / although you have done quite well

me.clic.& rese4l'ci1? £)(pt.o.i.n ~oo.r <A.nswer

1 At the momeYlt, Lt ~s Le9o.l m some COlAYltr~s

to lAse o n~o.ls for medic.ol reseo rcl1 Mo ny people thmk we sl10lALci bo n o nwo.l testmg, o.lthOlAgl1 there o re o rglAmeYlts both for o ncL

o gcAiYlst th~s pro ctice

Z OYle of the o rglAmeYlts for lAsmg o nwoJ.,s

to test Ylew cLrlA 9 s o ncL m edic.ol tecI1 Yllq lA es

~s tho t we UA.tlYlOt test them OYl I1lAmo ns

AYI~o.l e)(perweYlts l1o.xe l1eLpecL to cLeveLop mo ny cLrlAgs o ncL medic.ol procecllAres, like tro nspLo Ylts IY1 o.J,d.ili,oYl, o n~o.l testmg ~s

effi,UeYlt becoJ.A.se o nwo.ls mo ttAre fo.,sw tho n I1lAmo ns

3 OYl the other l1o ncL, mo ny people o rglAe tho t

o n~o.l testmg ~s <XlAeL ALso, they slAY tho t

we sl10lALci Ylot test YloYl-esseYlUol procllActs like sl1(A,tylPOOS o ncL cosmetics OYl o n~o.ls becoJ.A.se there ~s o.lre<Ul!j eYlolAgl1 mformo LWYI 'I- ALL m ill, I (A,tyl Ylot m fo.,volAr of o n~o.l testmg, blAt Lt ~s Ylecesso ry wl1eYl there ~s YlO

o.lwYl~ve I b~ve tho t there sl10lALci be strl.cW coYltroLs OYl reseo rcl1 o ncL e)(per~eYlts

o ncL S~YI~sts sl10lALci cLeveLop complAw mocLeLs to repLo ce o n~o.l testmg

5 ACTIVATE Follow the steps in the writing guide

Write a discussion essay with this title:

Are you for or against vegetarianism?

Explain your answer

B THINK AND PLAN

What's the situation at the moment?

2 What arguments for and against vegetarianism can you think of?

3 What's your personal opinion? Why?

Paragraph 3: Arguments against

011 the other halld,

Paragraph 4: Conclusion All ill all,

D CHECK

• paragraphs • discourse markers

• may, might, could, should

prevent suffer cure research development 1

operation discovery transplant

5 Choose the correct words

Perhaps acupuncture could / must relieve the pain

2 He fell asleep at his desk! He might / must have been exhausted

3 Ann isn't here She must / can't have forgotten

4 You don't have to / shouldn't make a noise near the hospital

S She's wa I ki ng to school She might / ca n't have missed the bus

6 He can't / could have gone home He's left

') ~ 7 We mustn't / don't have to learn Chinese MedicaL ,_ has changed our Lives Before the 2 _ at school

of antibiotics in 1928, there was no 3 _ for many f " 8 Tania's in Spain You must / could have common iLLnesses Today, we don't 4 _ when we seen someone else

have an 5 _ because there are anaesthetics These

days, surgeons can 6 _ many body parts and save C ° to

Lives Vaccines are used to 7 _ peopLe getting ommumca Ion

some serious ilLnesses The 8 _ of new technoLogy 6 Complete the dialogue with the words in wiLL heLp save even more Lives in the future the box

3 Complete the sentences with the words in the box

(on without up (X2) off down )

You should cut _ on chocolate You eat too much

2Ican'tgo_salt

3 My dad has got to give _ smoking

4 I've taken _yoga

S Please turn _ the light when you leave

6 She's going to call_ her parents after work

Language focus

4 Complete the sentences with the affirmative or

negative form of could, can and will be able to

1 I hope that one day doctors _ cure all diseases

2 When I was young, 1_ speak English, but

I_now

lessons

S My brother is very clever He _ read when he

was four years old

6 No, we _ transplant human brains by 2020

Kate It 4 _ definitely have more text

It shouldn't have so many photos Nick What about the other one?

Kate I can't really decide, but I 5 _ it's quite effective

Nick Yes, I agree But it isn't very interesting ~he colours are dull Kate You 6 _ be right

3 Dave is in favour of vegetarianism

4 They both think that producing meat harms the environment

S Dave orders rabbit in cream sauce

6 Emma chooses fish

1 Read the leaflet Match paragraphs A-D with questions 1-4

1 What are the benefits of it? 3 How popular is it?

2 What is it and how do people use it? 4 How did it originate?

People around the world have used products

from plants and trees for over 6,000 years

Many ancient cultures, such as the Ancient

Greeks, Romans and Egyptians, used them

The French chemist Rene-Maurice Gattefosse

invented the name 'aromatherapy' in 1928

after he had treated a burn with lavender oil

Aromatherapy uses essential oils, which

are concentrated liquids from plants and

trees People heat the essential oils and

inhale the aroma, or they dilute the oil

and massage it into their skin You can

also put a couple of drops of oil into

your bath

Not everyone thinks that aromatherapy works

Therapists believe that aromatherapy can relax the body and brain, and that some essential oils are also antiseptic On the other hand, some scientists say that there is no clear evidence of this

Aromatherapy is popular in many countries, especially in France The essential oils are relatively inexpensive and easy to use You don't have to visit a therapist to benefit from it

2 Make an information leaflet about another type of treatment Follow the steps in the project checklist

o PROJECT CHECKLIST

1 Choose a health or well-being treatment

Use one of the ideas below or your own

shiatsu

2 Answer questions 1-4 in exercise 1 about the treatment Find information on the internet or in a book

3 Find some photos on the internet or in a magazine

4 Write a short paragraph for each question

S Present the photos and text in your leaflet

3 Exchange your leaflet with the rest of the class Which treatment do you think is best?

Project • 37

4

Let's go!

Start thinking

1 What is your favourite kind of holiday?

2 What kind of space tourism exists today?

3 Where can you gettourist information

about your area?

Aims

Communication: I can

• talk about holiday plans

• understand a text about travel

• talk about future plans and predictions

• understand a travel announcement

• talk about travel arrangements

• ask for and give information

• write about plans for a visit

Vocabulary

• Travel: nouns and verbs

Language focus

• be going to

• will and be going to

• Present simple and continuous for future

• will for spontaneous decisions

English Plus Options

38 • Let's go!

Physics and chemistry:

Satellites and spacecraft

can you make? Then look at the My Dream Holiday quiz and

more did you make?

luxury hotel, luxury accommodation

luxury guide return sun diving mosquito

day city

/' equipment flight book break ticket trip hotel net accommodation cream

You use this to find information about a place ( GUidebook Q

results? Why / Why not?

STUDY STRATEGY 0 Extending your vocabulary

of any other words which could go with these nouns? Compare your answers with a partner

Do the quiz and find out what your dream holiday is

o What is the first thing that you are going to do before y u go on

h liday7

a Book everything with a trave agent

b Read lots of guidebooks and h lp my parents make all the bookings online

( Buya return ticket and decide where to stay and wh t to

be going to

5 Complete the sentences from the quiz Then

choose two correct words to complete the rule

1_ stay in a five-star hotel

2 1_ camp or go on a cycling tour

3 How _you _ spend the time?

4 _ you_ takeabustrip?

o RULE

We use be going to when we talk about l _

and 2

a intentions b instant decisions c plans

s 9 a.m and you've just arrived at your destination afte

:: long-haul flight What are your plans? I'm going to

a stay in a five-star hotel and sleep all day

b go on a guided tour of the city

buy a guidebook and explore the city

ou've got seven hours between flights in Hong Kong

-ow are you going to spend the time?

it Stay at the airport and read travel brochures about

ake a bus trip to a seaside resort7

go on day trips to tourist attractions?

hitchhike around the country?

- oose the statement that is true for you On my dream

"'0 iday I am not going to

a camp or o on a cycling tour

go on an ocean cruise or a coach tour

ay in a luxury hotel or go on a helicopter trip

6'(11 i i', i ti11!1 tm ft hi' ,

Mostly a answers: package holidays and city breaks

Mostly b answers: activity and sightseeing holidays

Mostly c answers: budget adventure holidays and

round-th -world trips

and answer the questions with full sentences

Where is Dave going to have his holiday?

He's goitlg to have his holiday itl Greece

1 How long is he going to spend there?

2 Who is he going to travel with?

I got our plane tickets today can't wait! Paris

in April is so nice and my brother Mark is great fun He's into art and I don't mind going to some

galleries with him (No museums though!) He

doesn't mind shopping - so we're OK

Susie Itravel I abroad in April

Susie is goitlg to travel abroad itl April

1 Susie I have I a skiing holiday

2 she I fly I to Rome

3 her brother I travel I with her

4 they I visit I some galleries

5 they I go I to any museums

6 Susie/take/Marktotheshops

8 Work in pairs Ask and answer questions to check your answers to exercise 7

Is Susie goitlg to Yes, she is She's

goitlg to visit Paris

9 ACTIVATE Imagine you have booked a dream holiday Ask questions and find out about your partner's plans

lHOW How long Who What Where When How much

How are you goitlg