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Verbs are sometimes described as "action words".. For example, words like run, fight, do and work all convey action.. But some verbs do not give the idea of action; they give the idea o

What are Verbs?

The verb is king in English The shortest sentence contains a verb You can make a

one-word sentence with a verb, for example: Stop! You cannot make a one-one-word sentence

with any other type of word

Verbs are sometimes described as "action words" This is partly true Many verbs give

the idea of action, of "doing" something For example, words like run, fight, do and work

all convey action

But some verbs do not give the idea of action; they give the idea of existence, of state, of

"being" For example, verbs like be, exist, seem and belong all convey state.

A verb always has a subject (In the sentence "John speaks English", John is the subject and speaks is the verb.) In simple terms, therefore, we can say that verbs are words that

tell us what a subject does or is; they describe:

• action (Ram plays football)

• state (Ram is English)

There is something very special about verbs in English Most other words (adjectives, adverbs, prepositions etc) do not change in form (although nouns can have singular and

plural forms) But almost all verbs change in form For example, the verb to work has

five forms:

• to work, work, works, worked, working

We divide verbs into two broad classifications:

• helping verbs (also called "auxiliary verbs")

These are verbs that have no real meaning They are necessary for the

grammatical structure of the sentence, but they do not tell us very much alone For

example, will, would, may are helping verbs We usually use helping verbs with

main verbs They "help" the main verb

• main verbs (also called "lexical verbs")

These are verbs that really mean something, they tell us something For example,

love, make, work are main verbs

Types of Main Verb

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Transitive verbs can take a direct object (subject + verb + object) Intransitive verbs do not take a direct object (subject + verb [+ indirect object]) Many verbs can be transitive

or intransitive

transitive:

• He speaks English

• We are watching TV

• I saw an elephant

intransitive:

• He has arrived

• She speaks fast

• John goes to school

Linking verbs

Linking verbs are always intransitive A linking verb does not have much meaning in itself It "links" the subject to what is said about the subject Usually, a linking verb shows equality (=) or a change to a different state or place (>)

• Mary is a teacher (mary = teacher)

• Tara is beautiful (tara = beautiful)

• That sounds interesting (that = interesting)

• The sky became dark (the sky > dark)

• The bread has gone bad (bread > bad)

Dynamic and stative verbs

Some verbs describe action They are called "dynamic", and can be used with continuous tenses Other verbs describe state (non-action, a situation) They are called "stative", and cannot normally be used with continuous tenses (though some of them can be used with continuous tenses with a change in meaning)

dynamic verbs: examples

• hit, explode, fight, run, go

stative verbs: examples

• be

• like, love, prefer, wish

• impress, please, surprise

• hear, see, sound

• belong to, consist of, contain, include, need

• appear, resemble, seem

Regular and irregular verbs

This is more a question of vocabulary than of grammar The only real difference between regular and irregular verbs is that they have different endings for their past tense and past participle forms For regular verbs, the past tense ending and past participle ending is always the same: -ed For irregular verbs, the past tense ending and the past participle ending is variable, so it is necessary to learn them by heart

regular verbs: base, past tense, past participle

• look, looked, looked

• work, worked, worked

irregular verbs: base, past tense, past participle

• buy, bought, bought

• cut, cut, cut

• do, did, done

Regular Verbs A-C

• accept

• add

• admire

• admit

• advise

• afford

• agree

• alert

• allow

• amuse

• analyse

• announce

• annoy

• answer

• apologise

• appear

• applaud

• appreciate

• approve

• argue

• arrange

• arrest

• arrive

• ask

• attach

• attack

• attempt

• attend

• attract

• avoid

Regular Verbs G-L

• gather

• gaze

• glow

• glue

• grab

• grate

• grease

• greet

• grin

• grip

• groan

• guarantee

• guard

• guess

• guide

• hammer

• hand

• handle

• hang

• happen

• harass

• harm

• hate

• haunt

• head

• heal

• heap

• heat

• help

• hook

Regular Verbs R-T

• remain

• remember

• remind

• remove

• repair

• repeat

• replace

• reply

• report

• reproduce

• request

• rescue

• retire

• return

• rhyme

• rinse

• risk

• rob

• rock

• roll

• rot

• rub

• ruin

• rule

• rush

• sack

• sail

• satisfy

• save

• saw

• back

• bake

• balance

• ban

• bang

• bare

• bat

• bathe

• battle

• beam

• beg

• behave

• belong

• bleach

• bless

• blind

• blink

• blot

• blush

• boast

• boil

• bolt

• bomb

• book

• bore

• borrow

• bounce

• bow

• box

• brake

• brake

• branch

• breathe

• bruise

• brush

• bubble

• bump

• burn

• bury

• buzz

• calculate

• call

• camp

• care

• hop

• hope

• hover

• hug

• hum

• hunt

• hurry

• identify

• ignore

• imagine

• impress

• improve

• include

• increase

• influence

• inform

• inject

• injure

• instruct

• intend

• interest

• interfere

• interrupt

• introduce

• invent

• invite

• irritate

• itch

• jail

• jam

• jog

• join

• joke

• judge

• juggle

• jump

• kick

• kill

• kiss

• kneel

• knit

• knock

• knot

• label

• scare

• scatter

• scold

• scorch

• scrape

• scratch

• scream

• screw

• scribble

• scrub

• seal

• search

• separate

• serve

• settle

• shade

• share

• shave

• shelter

• shiver

• shock

• shop

• shrug

• sigh

• sign

• signal

• sin

• sip

• ski

• skip

• slap

• slip

• slow

• smash

• smell

• smile

• smoke

• snatch

• sneeze

• sniff

• snore

• snow

• soak

• soothe

• carry

• carve

• cause

• challenge

• change

• charge

• chase

• cheat

• check

• cheer

• chew

• choke

• chop

• claim

• clap

• clean

• clear

• clip

• close

• coach

• coil

• collect

• colour

• comb

• command

• communicate

• compare

• compete

• complain

• complete

• concentrate

• concern

• confess

• confuse

• connect

• consider

• consist

• contain

• continue

• copy

• correct

• cough

• count

• cover

• land

• last

• laugh

• launch

• learn

• level

• license

• lick

• lie

• lighten

• like

• list

• listen

• live

• load

• lock

• long

• look

• love

• man

• manage

• march

• mark

• marry

• match

• mate

• matter

• measure

• meddle

• melt

• memorise

• mend

• mess up

• milk

• mine

• miss

• mix

• moan

• moor

• mourn

• move

• muddle

• mug

• multiply

• sound

• spare

• spark

• sparkle

• spell

• spill

• spoil

• spot

• spray

• sprout

• squash

• squeak

• squeal

• squeeze

• stain

• stamp

• stare

• start

• stay

• steer

• step

• stir

• stitch

• stop

• store

• strap

• strengthen

• stretch

• strip

• stroke

• stuff

• subtract

• succeed

• suck

• suffer

• suggest

• suit

• supply

• support

• suppose

• surprise

• surround

• suspect

• suspend

• crack

• crash

• crawl

• cross

• crush

• cry

• cure

• curl

• curve

• cycle

Regular Verbs D-G

• dam

• damage

• dance

• dare

• decay

• deceive

• decide

• decorate

• delay

• delight

• deliver

• depend

• describe

• desert

• deserve

• destroy

• detect

• develop

• disagree

• disappear

• disapprove

• disarm

• discover

• dislike

• divide

• double

• doubt

• drag

• drain

• dream

• dress

• drip

• murder

Regular Verbs N-R

• nail

• name

• need

• nest

• nod

• note

• notice

• number

• obey

• object

• observe

• obtain

• occur

• offend

• offer

• open

• order

• overflow

• owe

• own

• pack

• paddle

• paint

• park

• part

• pass

• paste

• pat

• pause

• peck

• pedal

• peel

• peep

• perform

• permit

• phone

• pick

• pinch

• pine

• place

• plan

• switch

• talk

• tame

• tap

• taste

• tease

• telephone

• tempt

• terrify

• test

• thank

• thaw

• tick

• tickle

• tie

• time

• tip

• tire

• touch

• tour

• tow

• trace

• trade

• train

• transport

• trap

• travel

• treat

• tremble

• trick

• trip

• trot

• trouble

• trust

• try

• tug

• tumble

• turn

• twist

• type

Regular Verbs U-Z

• undress

• unfasten

• drop

• drown

• drum

• dry

• dust

• earn

• educate

• embarrass

• employ

• empty

• encourage

• end

• enjoy

• enter

• entertain

• escape

• examine

• excite

• excuse

• exercise

• exist

• expand

• expect

• explain

• explode

• extend

• face

• fade

• fail

• fancy

• fasten

• fax

• fear

• fence

• fetch

• file

• fill

• film

• fire

• fit

• fix

• flap

• flash

• float

• plant

• play

• please

• plug

• point

• poke

• polish

• pop

• possess

• post

• pour

• practise

• pray

• preach

• precede

• prefer

• prepare

• present

• preserve

• press

• pretend

• prevent

• prick

• print

• produce

• program

• promise

• protect

• provide

• pull

• pump

• punch

• puncture

• punish

• push

• question

• queue

• race

• radiate

• rain

• raise

• reach

• realise

• receive

• unite

• unlock

• unpack

• untidy

• use

• vanish

• visit

• wail

• wait

• walk

• wander

• want

• warm

• warn

• wash

• waste

• watch

• water

• wave

• weigh

• welcome

• whine

• whip

• whirl

• whisper

• whistle

• wink

• wipe

• wish

• wobble

• wonder

• work

• worry

• wrap

• wreck

• wrestle

• wriggle

• x-ray

• yawn

• yell

• zip

• zoom

• flood

• flow

• flower

• fold

• follow

• fool

• force

• form

• found

• frame

• frighten

• fry

• recognise

• record

• reduce

• reflect

• refuse

• regret

• reign

• reject

• rejoice

• relax

• release

• rely

English Club ESL Progress! Magazine

the magazine for English Club members

Dear English Club Member,

This month we have some new boards at EC ESL Forums, as well as a dedicated area for

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