Grammar and writing practice book grade 4 TM 180p

Write one imperative sentence and one exclamatory sentence that you might include Home Activity Your child learned how to use imperative and exclamatory sentences in writing.. © Pearson

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PROOFREAD

Because of Winn-Dixie

Declarative and Interrogative Sentences

A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought A sentence

begins with a capital letter A sentence that tells something is a declarative

sentence A declarative sentence ends with a period A sentence that asks a

question is an interrogative sentence An interrogative sentence ends with a

question mark

Declarative Sentence Florida was once a wild place

Interrogative Sentence Have you ever seen a bear?

Directions Read each sentence and add the correct end punctuation Then write

whether each sentence is declarative or interrogative

1 In the old days, many people lived on farms

2 Wild animals roamed through the forests

3 Were the woods full of bears in those days

Directions Change each sentence to the kind named in ( ) Write the new sentence.

4 Grandpa likes telling stories (interrogative)

5 Are his stories always true? (declarative)

DEVELOP THE CONCEPT

Home Activity Your child learned about declarative and interrogative sentences Have your child write

two declarative and two interrogative sentences about something he or she did today.

declarative

interrogative

.

?

Does Grandpa like telling stories?

His stories are always true.

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Directions Read the interrogative sentences Then use your own ideas to write a

declarative sentence that answers each question

1 Question Why is it hard to move to a new place?

Directions Read the answers in the interview with Opal from Because of Winn-Dixie

Then write the questions you think she might be answering

Home Activity Your child learned how to use declarative and interrogative sentences in writing Have

your child ask a member of the family three questions and write down the questions and answers in interview form.

You can ask people

if they want to play with you.

A dog might be a good friend.

You can make friends at school.

You don’t have any friends in a new place.

How did you feel when you first moved

to Florida?

Possible answers:

Did you have any friends?

What did you do?

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PROOFREAD

Because of Winn-Dixie

Directions For each item, mark the letter of the word or the word and punctuation

mark that complete each sentence

1 You have to be quiet in a 3 get a library card?

Directions For each item, mark the letter of the declarative or interrogative sentence

that is correctly written

5 A Are pets allowed in the library 8 A Why is his name Winn-Dixie.

B I’ll leave my dog outside? B Isn’t that the name of a store.

C he is very well behaved C It’s a funny name for a dog.

D Do I hear him barking? D Does he know his name.

6 A Our dog can shake hands 9 A Was your dog a stray?

B Does he come when you call B a stray has no home.

C can he catch a ball? C Can I adopt one.

D I’m teaching him to sit D Where did he come from.

7 A The pound has many animals 10 A Dogs are fun

B Are they all puppies B They make good friends.

C Would you like one as a pet? C Dogs are part of the family?

D some ran away from home? D do you have a dog?

TEST PREPARATION

Home Activity Your child prepared for taking tests on declarative and interrogative sentences Say

declarative or interrogative and have your child say a sentence of the correct kind.

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Directions Write D if the sentence is declarative Write I if the sentence is interrogative.

1 Opal loved to visit the library

2 What did her dog do?

3 Did Opal have any friends?

4 She made friends with the librarian

Directions Make each word group into a sentence by writing it with correct

capitalization and punctuation Write D if the sentence is declarative Write I if the

sentence is interrogative

5 a bear once visited the library

6 it walked through the open door

7 what did the librarian do

8 would you have run away

Directions Change each sentence to the kind named in ( ) Write the new sentence.

9 The dog looks like a bear (interrogative)

10 Are bears dangerous? (declarative)

11 An amazing story is called a tall tale (interrogative)

12 Did the librarian tell a tall tale? (declarative)

CUMULATIVE REVIEW

Home Activity Your child reviewed declarative and interrogative sentences Read a newspaper article

together Have your child identify declarative and interrogative sentences in the article.

A bear once visited the library D

D I I D

It walked through the open door D

What did the librarian do? I

Would you have run away? I

Does the dog look like a bear?

Bears are dangerous.

Is an amazing story called a tall tale?

The librarian told a tall tale.

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PROOFREAD

Lewis and Clark and Me

Imperative and Exclamatory Sentences

An imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request It usually

begins with a verb and ends with a period The subject (you) is not shown An

exclamatory sentence shows strong feeling or surprise It ends with an exclamation

mark An interjection also shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation

mark An interjection is a word or group of words, not a complete sentence

Imperative Sentence Lie down and stay

Exclamatory Sentences That is a gorgeous dog! What big paws he has!

Interjections Wow! Ouch! Hurray! Oh, no!

Directions Read each sentence Write C if the end punctuation is correct Write NC if

the end punctuation is not correct

1 Show me your book about Lewis and Clark

2 What an incredible journey they took

3 Please read me the paper you wrote about their expedition!

4 That dog was amazing!

5 I can’t believe the number of squirrels it caught

Directions Write a word or phrase that will make these sentences the kind named

in ( )

6 me the Missouri River on the map (imperative)

7 a long river it is! (exclamatory)

8 why Lewis and Clark went on their expedition (imperative)

9 proud they must have been when they finished! (exclamatory)

10 forget to finish reading your book on Lewis and Clark (imperative)

Home Activity Your child learned about imperative and exclamatory sentences With your child, listen

to a favorite television show and have your child identify examples of imperative and exclamatory sentences.

Show

What

C NC NC C NC

How

Don’t

Explain

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Directions Write an imperative sentence and an exclamatory sentence for each event.

1 going on a river trip

Directions Imagine that you are on a trip and you are writing a letter to a friend

Write one imperative sentence and one exclamatory sentence that you might include

Home Activity Your child learned how to use imperative and exclamatory sentences in writing Have

your child write something he or she was told to do that day as an imperative sentence Ask your child what was exciting or interesting about the day Have him or her write that as an exclamatory sentence.

Please write to me soon.

Tell her not to jump up

What soft ears she has!

Get into the boat

The water is really cold!

Bugs bit me all night!

Show me the route of Lewis and Clark.

They went a long way!

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PROOFREAD

Lewis and Clark and Me

Directions For each item, mark the letter of the answer that best completes the type

of sentence in ( )

1 I love the way this story is told by 3 What an incredible adventure

_ (exclamatory) _ (exclamatory)

2 _ the picture of Seaman swimming 4 _ that page again (imperative)

D What is

Directions For each item, mark the letter of the imperative or exclamatory sentence

that is correctly written

5 A Fetch, Seaman? 7 A Tell me about Sacagawea!

B Please sell me your dog! B She was incredibly young!

C Tell me his name C Show me her picture!

D That’s a great trick D That’s an amazing story?

6 A Go get those squirrels 8 A Explain who York was.

B Bring them back to the boat B It’s terrible that he was a slave?

C Wow! They taste wonderful C What a brave man he was.

D Give the dog some? D Find out more about him!

Home Activity Your child prepared for taking tests on imperative and exclamatory sentences Ask

your child to write an example of each kind of sentence and to explain what makes it imperative or exclamatory.

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Directions Write E if the sentence is exclamatory Write I if the sentence is imperative.

1 Don’t let the dog jump into the river

2 Lend me a hand with this boat

3 We’ve got to save the missing people!

4 Make sure you keep away from the shore

5 Seaman is a hero!

Directions Make each word group into an imperative or exclamatory sentence by

writing it with correct capitalization and punctuation Identify imperative sentences

with I and exclamatory sentences with E.

6 make room in the boat

7 what a crowd there was on the wharf

8 ask sacagawea which of these plants we should eat

9 those plants will poison you

10 give me that dog for these beaver skins

Directions Write the type of sentence named in ( ) for each event.

11 leading a camping trip (imperative)

12 sailing on the Missouri River (exclamation)

Home Activity Your child reviewed imperative and exclamatory sentences Have your child find

examples of imperative and exclamatory sentences in magazines, instructions, or other printed materials in your home.

Make room in the boat I

I I E I

What a crowd there was on the wharf! E

Ask Sacagawea which of these plants we should eat I

Those plants will poison you! E

Give me that dog for these beaver skins I

Stay together in the woods.

I’ve never seen such a wide river!

E

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PROOFREAD

Grandfather’s Journey

Subjects and Predicates

Every sentence has a subject and a predicate The subject is the part of the

sentence that tells whom or what the sentence is about All the words in the

subject are called the complete subject The simple subject is the most important

word in the complete subject A simple subject can be more than one word, as in

United States.

Complete Subject The mountains in America reminded him of home

Simple Subject The mountains in America reminded him of home.

The predicate is the part of the sentence that tells what the subject is or does

All the words in the predicate are called the complete predicate The simple

predicate, or verb, is the most important word in the complete predicate A

simple predicate can be more than one word, as in was going.

Complete Predicate The mountains in America reminded him of home

Simple Predicate The mountains in America reminded him of home.

A compound subject is made up of two or more simple subjects A compound

predicate is made up of two or more simple predicates.

Compound Subject The forests and deserts amazed him

Compound Predicate He traveled and worked in the United States

Directions Look at the letters after each sentence Circle the complete subject when

you see CS, the simple subject when you see SS, the complete predicate when you see

CP, and the simple predicate when you see SP.

1 The United States is home to millions of people from overseas CP

2 This nation was founded by immigrants SP

3 Many of the newcomers are from Asia CS

4 Some become U.S citizens SS

5 More people are arriving every day SP

Home Activity Your child learned about subjects and predicates Ask your child to find sentences in

a newspaper or magazine Have him or her identify the simple subject and simple predicate in each sentence.

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Directions Each pair below has a simple subject and a verb Add details to write

an interesting sentence Then underline the complete subject once and the complete

Home Activity Your child learned how to use subjects and predicates in writing Have your child write

a sentence describing something he or she did today Ask your child to identify the complete subject and the complete predicate of the sentence.

He met people from all over the country

We are learning about American history.

Many people live in cities

I will visit New York City next summer

Visitors from many other countries come to America.

Everyone in my class loves the Fourth of July.

The author’s Grandfather traveled from Japan.

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PROOFREAD

Grandfather’s Journey

Directions Mark the letter of the phrase that identifies the underlined word or words

in each sentence

1 Our family is going to California 6 Some other friends live in

next summer San Francisco too

A simple subject A simple subject

B complete subject B complete subject

C simple predicate C simple predicate

D complete predicate D complete predicate

2 San Francisco will be our first stop 7 A travel agent booked our tickets.

B complete subject B complete subject

3 My mom promised us a visit to the 8 Dad will take us to a ball

Golden Gate Bridge game one night

B complete subject B complete subject

4 We can ride in a cable car 9 Fisherman’s Wharf is a

A simple subject great place for dinner

B complete subject A simple subject

C simple predicate B complete subject

D complete predicate C simple predicate

5 Our friends, the Kims, will 10 We are staying there for

B complete subject B complete subject

Home Activity Your child prepared for taking tests on subjects and predicates Ask your child a

question (What did you eat for lunch? When did you get home?) Have him or her write the answer in a

complete sentence and identify the subject and predicate.

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Directions Underline the complete subject of each sentence once Underline the

complete predicate twice

1 The United States is a beautiful country.

2 Snow-capped mountains tower over the western plains.

3 Rich farmland provides food for millions of people.

4 Forests cover the ancient hills of the Northeast.

5 An amazing diversity of people live and work in the great cities.

Directions Look at the letters after each sentence Write the simple subject when you

see SS Write the simple predicate when you see SP.

6 Many immigrants have made America their home SP

7 They long for their old homes SS

8 Travel is fast these days SS

9 People can fly anywhere by airplane SP

10 The airplane has become a cure for homesickness! SP

Directions Write sentences using the pairs of words below Use the noun as a simple

subject and the verb as a simple predicate Then underline the complete subject once

and the complete predicate twice

11 home/is

12 country/has

Home Activity Your child reviewed subjects and predicates Ask your child to describe an object in the

house in a sentence Ask him or her to repeat the sentence and to identify the complete subject and complete predicate

have made They

Travel can fly has become

My home is in the United States.

This country has many beautiful places.

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A compound sentence is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and

a connecting word such as and, but, or or.

Simple Sentences Fairy tales are very old

Kids still enjoy them

Compound Sentence Fairy tales are very old, but kids still enjoy them.

The two sentences in a compound sentence must have ideas that make sense together

Directions Write S after each simple sentence and C after each compound sentence

Do not confuse a compound subject or predicate with a compound sentence

1 Fairy tales and other old stories are sometimes very scary

2 Witches, giants, or trolls can give little children nightmares

3 Fairy tale heroes are often in danger, but they usually win in the end

4 Often a poor girl marries a prince, or a poor boy marries a princess

5 The dragon is killed, and everybody lives happily ever after

Directions Join each pair of simple sentences to make a compound sentence Use the

word and, but, or or Do not forget to add a comma.

6 The hero was small and young He was very brave.

7 She fell in love with the prince He fell in love with her.

8 You can fight the dragon You can run away.

9 He saw the woman in the tower He wanted to save her.

10 The wolf knocked on the pigs’ door They wouldn’t let him in.

Home Activity Your child learned about compound sentences Encourage him or her to show you how

the words and, but, and or can link simple sentences to form compound sentences.

The hero was

small and young, but [or and] he was very brave.

She fell in love with the prince, and he fell in love with her.

You can fight the dragon, or you can run away.

He saw the woman in the tower, and he wanted to save her.

The wolf knocked

on the pigs’ door, but they wouldn’t let him in.

S S C C C

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Compound Sentences

Directions Complete each sentence by adding and, but, or or and one of the groups of

words from the box

she sent them all away she would not marry anyone

her father gave her half his kingdom her father would lock her up in a tower

she fell in love with him

1 The princess had many suitors,

2 She must marry,

3 Many men came to see the princess,

4 Finally, a young farmer made her laugh,

5 The princess got married,

Directions Make a compound sentence by adding your own words to each item.

6 I enjoy fairy tales, but

7 We can finish this story today, or

8 The hero killed the monster, and

9 The old witch flew away, and

10 The princess was locked up in a tower, but

The Horned Toad Prince

APPLY TO WRITING

Home Activity Your child learned how to use compound sentences in writing Have your child write a

compound sentence about something he or she did today.

but she sent them all away but she would not marry anyone.

and she fell in love with him.

or her father would lock her up in a tower.

and her father gave her half his kingdom.

my brother likes mysteries.

we can read it for homework everyone was happy.

the sun came out again.

the prince rescued her.

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Directions Mark the letter of the item that correctly completes each sentence.

1 Reba Jo lived on the prairie _ 6 She got the hat _ she rode

2 Her hat blew off _ it fell into a well 7 Reba Jo was rude _ her father

3 Reba Jo was scared _ she wanted 8 The horned toad came in _

4 The toad made an offer _ Reba Jo 9 She kissed the horned toad

5 She could accept _ she could go 10 Was Reba Jo smart _ was

Home Activity Your child prepared for taking tests on compound sentences Ask your child to write

pairs of simple, related sentences about himself or herself and then connect them with and, but, or or.

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Compound Sentences

Directions Circle S if the sentence is a simple sentence Circle C if the sentence

is a compound sentence Do not confuse a compound subject or predicate with a

compound sentence

1 The Southwest is hot, dry, and mountainous S C

2 The air is clear, and the colors are beautiful S C

3 Sometimes it rains hard, but often it is very dry S C

4 Visitors come from far away and camp S C

5 Some visitors fall in love with the Southwest and settle there S C

Directions Write the word you would use (and, but, or or) to join each pair of simple

sentences into a compound sentence

6 It is called a horned toad It is really a lizard

7 The country is beautiful The people are friendly

8 Was that an arroyo? Was it a canyon?

9 I’d love to stay I have to go home

10 We have had a great vacation We plan to return

Directions Read each sentence Think of a simple related sentence Make a compound

sentence by adding and, but, or or and your sentence.

11 The desert is hot and dry,

12 She could ride a horse,

Home Activity Your child reviewed compound sentences Ask your child to pretend that he or she has

to explain compound sentences to someone who doesn’t know what they are Have your child “teach”

the concept he or she has learned

but and or but and

but it gets cool at night.

and she loved to play her guitar.

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Letters Home from Yosemite

Clauses and Complex Sentences

A clause is a group of words with a subject and a verb A dependent clause

begins with a word such as because or when It cannot stand alone as a sentence

An independent clause can stand alone.

Dependent Clause when I was eight

Independent Clause My family visited Yosemite.

A sentence made up of a dependent clause and an independent clause is a

complex sentence.

Complex Sentences When I was eight, my family visited Yosemite

My family visited Yosemite when I was eight

Other words that often introduce a dependent clause are since, although, if, until,

unless, as, after, and before When a dependent clause comes first in a complex

sentence, it is followed by a comma

Directions Write I if the underlined group of words is an independent clause Write D

if it is a dependent clause

1 People visit Yosemite because it is so beautiful

2 When you see El Capitan, you’ll be amazed

3 If you go there, visit Yosemite Falls

4 You will probably see a bear before you leave

5 After I returned, I read a book about the park

Directions Combine each pair of simple sentences Use the word in ( ) Write the

complex sentence

6 I’ll visit all the national parks I’m grown up (when)

7 I’m only ten years old I have to travel with my family (since)

Home Activity Your child learned about clauses and complex sentences Encourage him or her to

show you how words such as because, when, although, and if can link simple sentences to form

complex sentences.

I’ll visit all the national parks when I’m grown up.

I have to travel with my family since I’m only ten years old.

D D I I D

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Directions Make complex sentences by choosing clauses from the box to combine

with the clauses below Write your sentences on the lines Use correct capitalization

and punctuation

Indians were living there if you get too close

you will want to return because it is so beautiful

it is still mostly wilderness

1 When explorers reached Yosemite,

2 Many people visit Yosemite

3 Although millions of tourists visit the park,

4 A mule deer can be dangerous

5 After you have visited once,

Directions Think of a place you would like to visit Write three complex sentences

about the place Use the words in ( )

Home Activity Your child learned how to use clauses and complex sentences in writing Ask your child

a why question Have him or her write a complex sentence to answer it Ask your child to explain why

the answer is a complex sentence.

Many people visit Yosemite because it is so beautiful.

reached Yosemite, Indians were living there.

Although millions

of tourists visit the park, it is still mostly wilderness.

If I get the chance, I’ll go there.

A mule deer can be dangerous if you get too close.

After you have visited once, you will want to return.

I’d like to see the Grand Canyon because my

dad says it’s beautiful.

When I’m there, I’ll ride a burro.

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Letters Home from Yosemite

Directions Mark the letter of the independent clause in each group.

1 A when the tourists arrived 3 A before we went to sleep

B if you are camping B since we had our backpacks

C it is bigger than Rhode Island C after we ate lunch

D although there are many cars D we pitched our tent

2 A unless you want an angry bear 4 A we went too near the falls

B don’t tease the animals B because we were soaking wet

C until they can smell you C when the wind blows hard

D as we were driving by D if you want to stay dry

Directions Mark the letter of the word that completes each sentence.

5 _ there are bobcats, we didn’t see 8 _ you go out at night, you might

6 I’ve been starving _ we arrived 9 _ we go to bed, we safely store

7 We stopped hiking _ we got too 10 _ I was hiking, I saw a large

Home Activity Your child prepared for taking tests on clauses and complex sentences Have your

child find complex sentences in a newspaper article Ask him or her to identify the independent and dependent clauses in each sentence.

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Directions Write the dependent clause in each sentence.

1 Although they are small, peregrine falcons are very fast.

2 A jay will steal your food if you don’t watch out.

3 Sheep had almost vanished from the park before they were brought back.

4 Because bears are so greedy, store food in a metal box.

5 If you enjoy wildlife, Yosemite is a good place to visit.

Directions Combine each pair of simple sentences Use the word in ( ) Write the

complex sentence

6 The first tourists traveled by foot There were no cars (because)

7 Most visitors stay in one area The park is huge (although)

8 The rocks seem to change color The sun shines on them (when)

9 You will see a bat You watch closely (if)

10 Don’t go near that waterfall You want to get wet (unless)

Home Activity Your child reviewed clauses and complex sentences Ask your child to tell you

something about his or her day using complex sentences with the words when, because, and if

Although they are small

if you don’t watch out

Because bears are so greedy

If you enjoy wildlife

before they were brought back

tourists traveled by foot because there were no cars.

Most visitors stay in one area although the park is huge.

seem to change color when the sun shines on them.

You will see a bat if you watch closely.

Don’t go near that waterfall unless you want to get wet.

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What Jo Did

Home Activity Your child learned about common and proper nouns Have your child name people,

places, or things around the house and say whether the names are common or proper nouns.

Common and Proper Nouns

• A noun is a word that names a person, place, or thing

• A common noun names any person, place, or thing.

• A proper noun names a particular person, place, or thing Proper nouns begin

with capital letters

Common Nouns That girl plays basketball at our school

Proper Nouns Sandy will play for Centerville on Friday.

Some proper nouns have more than one word, such as Boston Celtics Some include titles that tell what a person is or does, such as Aunt Rosa or Captain Edwards.

Directions One of the underlined words in each sentence is a noun Circle the noun

Write C if it is a common noun and P if it is a proper noun

1 Dr James Naismith invented the game of basketball

2 He worked at the YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts

3 Naismith wanted to find a game to play inside during the winter

Directions Underline the three nouns in each sentence Then write each noun under

the correct heading in the chart

4 The first game of basketball was played in Massachusetts.

5 Soon people all over the world were playing the sport.

6 In 1936, basketball was played at the Olympic Games in Berlin.

7 Today, many cities compete every winter in the National Basketball Association.

8 I watch our team at the stadium every weekend.

C P C

game sport team

basketball basketball weekend

people cities stadium

world winter

Massachusetts Olympic Games Berlin

National Basketball Association

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Directions Replace the underlined word in each sentence with a noun from the box that

gives a more exact description Write the new sentence Write C if the word you chose

is a common noun Write P if it is a proper noun.

pizza roar fans December Mr Ames

1 He is our basketball coach.

2 I joined the team last month.

3 After each game, the coach takes us out for food.

4 Many people come to our games.

5 I love hearing the sound of the crowd when we score.

Directions Write several sentences about your school Mention some of the people

you meet there Identify the common nouns you used and underline them once

Underline the proper nouns twice

What Jo Did

Home Activity Your child learned how to use common and proper nouns in writing Have your child

write a sentence or two describing a place in your community Ask your child to identify the common and proper nouns in the sentences.

I joined the team last December P

Mr Ames is our basketball coach P

After each game, the coach takes us out for pizza C

Many fans come to our games C

I love hearing the roar of the crowd when we score C

My school is Burbank Elementary on Main Street The principal

is Ms Bond, and my teacher is Mr Vasquez My favorite day is

Friday because the weekend comes next

Possible answer:

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PROOFREAD

What Jo Did

Directions Mark the letter of the word that is a common noun.

1 Dr Naismith wrote thirteen 4 Boston and Chicago have had

rules for basketball great teams

2 The ball could be thrown in 5 Not all basketball players

Directions Mark the letter of the word or words that are a proper noun.

7 The inventor of basketball was born 9 He went to college in Montreal,

8 James Naismith attended a 10 While living in Massachusetts, he

one-room school invented the game

Home Activity Your child prepared for taking tests on common and proper nouns Read a paragraph

to your child from a book, magazine, or newspaper Ask your child to identify nouns and to explain whether they are common or proper.

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Directions Circle C if the underlined word is a common noun Circle P if the

underlined word is a proper noun

1 There’s a girl at Central High who is a basketball star C P

2 She plays center on the all-state team for Maryland C P

5 That’s a great name for a basketball player! C P

Directions Underline the three nouns in each sentence They may be common or

proper

6 The book we are reading is about a girl called Jo.

7 She plays basketball with a group of boys.

8 Jo wore a hat over her long hair.

9 She flew through the air and dunked the ball into the hoop.

10 T J told Jo that he had never played with a girl before.

Directions Write one sentence about a place you like to visit and another sentence

about a person you know Include common and proper nouns in each sentence

Underline the common nouns once and the proper nouns twice

11 Place

12 Person

Home Activity Your child reviewed common and proper nouns Ask your child to name things, places,

animals, or people he or she passes on the way to school each day Have your child tell you whether these names are common or proper nouns

My family goes to New York City every summer.

Aunt Sal is the funniest person in the world.

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Coyote School News

Home Activity Your child learned about regular plural nouns Point to objects around the house Ask

your child to say the nouns and their plural forms and to explain how the plurals were formed.

Regular Plural Nouns

• Singular nouns name one person, place, or thing Plural nouns name more

than one person, place, or thing

• Add -s to form the plural of most nouns.

bird/birds snake/snakes monkey/monkeys

• Add -es to form the plural of nouns that end in ch, sh, s, ss, or x

finch/finches dish/dishes gas/gases dress/dresses box/boxes

• To form the plural of nouns that end in a consonant followed by a y, change the y to i and add -es.

butterfly/butterflies puppy/puppies

Directions Underline the plural noun in each sentence

1 Texas has many cattle ranches.

2 A cowboy rides after cows.

3 A cowboy can throw a rope within inches of his target.

4 Wild ponies also live in the Southwest.

5 Many movies have been made about the Old West.

Directions Write the singular form of each noun.

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Directions Use the plural form of the underlined noun Add a word from the box to

describe the noun Write the new sentence

yellow noisy wooden interesting bumpy

1 Those _ chicken woke us up.

2 He drove his truck along the _ road.

3 They wrote _ story for the newspaper.

4 The students sat on rows of hard _ bench.

5 They went home in bright _ bus.

Directions Write a short description of horses that you have seen in books, in movies,

or on television Use at least three different plural nouns Underline the plural nouns

you use

Home Activity Your child learned how to use regular plural nouns in writing Ask your child to write a

sentence about his or her day using at least one plural noun.

He drove his truck along the bumpy roads.

Those noisy chickens woke us up.

They wrote interesting stories for the newspaper.

The students sat on rows of hard wooden benches.

They went home in bright yellow buses.

Possible answer: Horses are very fast animals Cowboys ride

them to round up cows Some horses are brown or black, and

some are white with spots or patches Their babies are called

foals Small horses are called ponies.

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Directions Mark the letter of the correct plural form that completes each sentence.

1 Vaqueros means _ in 3 They worked on the _ of the

Directions Mark the letter of the ending that will form the plural of the singular noun

in the phrases below

Home Activity Your child prepared for taking tests on regular plural nouns Read a brief passage to

your child from a book, magazine, or newspaper Ask him or her to identify any plural nouns in the passage and to say how they were formed.

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Home Activity Your child reviewed regular plural nouns Ask your child to pretend that he or she is

teaching a second-grade class about plural nouns Have your child show you how he or she would explain the concept.

Directions Circle the plural noun in each sentence

1 Our newspaper has an editor and five writers.

2 Our teacher prints copies for us each month.

3 She puts a star next to articles she really likes.

4 I write stories about football.

5 All the classes read our newspaper.

Directions Write the plural form of the underlined noun or nouns in each sentence

6 School newspaper is one of my favorite activity _

7 We write the news and the headline _

8 Newspapers are printed by printing press _

9 Paper that come out every day are called daily _

10 We store our old papers in big box _

Directions Write a sentence about each of the following places Include two plural

nouns in each sentence

11 a ranch

12 a school

We saw cows and horses on the ranch.

There are more girls than boys in our school.

activities headlines presses Papers; dailies boxes

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Grace and the Time Machine

Home Activity Your child learned about irregular plural nouns Say the words tooth, wife, and sheep

and have your child say and spell the plural form of each word.

Irregular Plural Nouns

A plural noun names more than one person, place, or thing Most nouns add -s to

form the plural An irregular plural noun has a special form for the plural.

Singular Nouns The man photographed a wolf chasing a moose

Irregular Plural Nouns Two men photographed some wolves chasing some moose.

Some nouns and their irregular plural forms are child/children, deer/deer, foot/feet,

leaf/leaves, life/lives, loaf/loaves, man/men, moose/moose, mouse/mice, sheep/

sheep, tooth/teeth, wolf/wolves, and wife/wives.

Directions Write the irregular plural noun in each sentence.

1 A time machine could show us what our lives were like long ago _

2 Before there were cars or trains, we were on our feet a lot more _

3 Many men worked in the fields or hunted in the forests _

4 Their wives spent hard days cooking and cleaning _

5 I wonder if children were happy then _

Directions If the noun is plural, write P If it is singular, write its plural form If the

noun could be either singular or plural, write S/P

lives feet men wives children

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Directions Write sentences using the plural forms of the given nouns.

Directions Write about what you would like to see if you traveled back in time or

into the future in a time machine Use at least two irregular plural nouns and underline them

Home Activity Your child learned how to use irregular plural nouns in writing Have your child write

a note or an e-mail to a family member about life long ago Have your child use at least two irregular plural nouns.

Mice have been eating those loaves of bread.

The men and their wives went to a movie.

Did the children hurt their feet on the rocks?

Moose ran through the leaves.

A pack of wolves tore at the meat with their teeth.

Possible answer: I would visit the future to see if men and

women were still alive Maybe there would be only animals such

as mice or moose.

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Directions Mark the letter of the correct plural form for each underlined word.

1 Life were different long ago 3 The man went out and worked.

Directions Mark the letter of the word that correctly completes each sentence.

5 Not all _ went to school 7 They made _ of bread in their

Home Activity Your child prepared for taking tests on irregular plural nouns Have a discussion with

your child about the families in your neighborhood Ask him or her to use the singular and plural forms

of man, woman, and child.

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Home Activity Your child reviewed irregular plural nouns Look at an article from a newspaper or

magazine Have your child point out three or four irregular plural nouns

Directions Underline the singular nouns and circle the plural nouns in the sentences

1 Long ago wolves ran through forests where our city is now.

2 Then men and women from Europe arrived on these shores.

3 They brought cows, horses, chickens, and geese to this country.

4 They built a town with houses and schools for their children.

5 They worked hard to improve their lives.

Directions Write C if the underlined plural noun is correct If it is not correct, write

the correct form

6 How did they brush their teeths in the old days? _

7 I love those old-fashioned crusty loaves _

8 Mices were everywhere years ago _

9 Many deers roamed the land _

10 Clothes were made mostly from the wool of sheep _

Directions Write one or two sentences about animals Use at least two irregular plural

nouns

The words moose and mouse sound the same, but they mean

very different things Moose are huge, and mice are tiny.

teeth C Mice deer C

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Marven of the Great North Woods

Home Activity Your child learned about singular possessive nouns Ask your child to write the names

of family members as possessive nouns and to use them in sentences.

Singular Possessive Nouns

A possessive noun shows ownership A singular possessive noun shows that one

person, place, or thing has or owns something Add an apostrophe (’) and the letter

s to a singular noun to make it possessive.

Singular Nouns This country had forests that were a valuable resource

Irregular Plural Nouns This country’s forests were a valuable resource

Directions Write the possessive form of each underlined noun.

1 Minnesota forests were once full of white pines.

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Directions Make each sentence less wordy by replacing the underlined words with a

possessive noun phrase Write the new sentences

1 The need of America for lumber was great 100 years ago

2 The forests of Minnesota supplied much of this material

3 The rivers of the state played an important part in the logging industry

4 Lumberjacks braved the cruel weather of winter

5 The appetite of a lumberjack was enormous

Directions Write about a time (real or imaginary) that you spent in the country Use at

least two singular possessive nouns and underline them

Marven of the Great North Woods

Home Activity Your child learned how to use singular possessive nouns in writing Ask your child to

write a journal entry about the day’s activities Have him or her use at least two singular possessive nouns.

The

state’s rivers played an important part in the logging industry.

Minnesota’s forests supplied much of this material.

Lumberjacks braved winter’s cruel weather.

A lumberjack’s appetite was enormous.

America’s need

for lumber was great 100 years ago.

Last summer my family went to Lake Sebago It is one of Maine’s biggest lakes My dad told my brother and me not to go out

alone in the woods He said we might end up being a bear’s

breakfast!

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PROOFREADMarven of the Great North Woods

Directions Mark the letter of the word that completes each sentence.

1 A _ job was to cut down trees 5 The _ end was at a sawmill.

Home Activity Your child prepared for taking tests on singular possessive nouns Name two or three

familiar objects in the house Have your child write the possessive forms of these nouns and use them

in sentences.

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Home Activity Your child reviewed singular possessive nouns Look at a newspaper or magazine

article with your child Have him or her identify singular possessive nouns

Directions Write the possessive form of each underlined noun.

Directions Write a singular possessive noun to complete each sentence.

12 Some people earn $200 for one _ work

13 A _ day is spent at school

14 A _ place of work is often a hospital

15 A _ job is very important

wood’s river’s winter’s bed’s desk’s snow’s horse’s fiddle’s kitchen’s saw’s

lumberjack’s day’s student’s nurse’s president’s Possible answers:

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So You Want to Be President?

Home Activity Your child learned about plural possessive nouns Ask your child to explain the

difference between singular and plural possessive nouns Encourage your child to give examples using

the words boys, girls, and children.

Plural Possessive Nouns

A plural possessive noun shows that something is owned or shared by more than

one person, place, or thing

• Add an apostrophe (’) to a plural noun that ends in -s, -es, or -ies.

our parks’ popularity animals’ rights

• Add an apostrophe (’) and -s to a plural noun that does not end in -s, -es, or -ies.

the deer’s feeding ground the children’s vacation

Directions Write the possessive form of each underlined plural noun

Directions Choose a plural possessive noun to complete each sentence Write the

word on the line

9 Our national (parks, parks’) landscapes are known around the world.

forests’

raccoons’

geese’s men’s rivers’

parks’

Automobiles’

wolves’

rangers’

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Directions Make each sentence less wordy by replacing the underlined words with a

plural possessive noun phrase Write the new sentences

1 The wise decisions of our Presidents helped create America’s national parks.

2 The trees of our forests are for animals as well as for people.

3 We must protect the creatures of our oceans.

4 People should respect the plants of the deserts.

5 All Americans should learn the histories of the states.

Directions Write about a visit to the zoo or a wildlife park Use at least two plural

possessive nouns and underline them

Home Activity Your child learned how to use plural possessive nouns in writing Have your child

write a sentence about school using a plural possessive noun Suggest that he or she use the word

teachers’, students’, boys’, or girls’.

Our forests’ trees are for animals as well as for people.

Our Presidents’ wise decisions helped create parks.

We must protect our oceans’ creatures.

People should respect the deserts’ plants.

All Americans should learn the states’ histories.

Possible answer: When I was younger, I went to a children’s zoo

I tried to eat the ducks’ food, but my mom made me stop The

monkeys’ house was very noisy.

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Directions Mark the letter of the plural possessive noun that completes each sentence.

1 _ families live in the White House 5 The _ pets have a great life.

2 Their _ lives are different 6 The White House gardens must be

3 Servants take care of all the _ 7 Do cats hunt for _ nests in the

4 Families bring their _ toys to the 8 The Secret Service _ responsibilities

Home Activity Your child prepared for taking tests on plural possessive nouns Have your child

prepare flash cards with a plural noun on one side and its possessive form on the other Quiz him or her using the flash cards.

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Directions Write the possessive form of each underlined plural noun

9 Two wolves approached the deer feeding ground.

Home Activity Your child reviewed plural possessive nouns Have your child find and circle examples

of plural possessive nouns in a magazine or newspaper article.

deer’s

wolves’

cubs’

trees’

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