4 2 the spanish in florida

by Ellen Cutler The Spanish in Florida Fascinating Facts • The real name of the pirate Blackbeard, who attacked Spanish ships along the Florida coast, was Edward Teach or Thatch.. August

by Ellen Cutler

The Spanish

in Florida

Fascinating Facts

• The real name of the pirate Blackbeard, who

attacked Spanish ships along the Florida coast,

was Edward Teach (or Thatch)

• Even though St Augustine was a colony founded

by Spanish settlers in 1565, no king or queen of

Spain visited it until April 1, 2001—almost 436

years later!

• Juan Alonso Cabale, whose ancestors were

Spanish settlers and Timucua Indians, was

the last person who could speak the Timucua

language He died in 1767

Genre Comprehension Skill Text Features

Contrast

• Maps

• Time Line

• Captions

Scott Foresman Social Studies

ISBN 0-328-14873-3

ì<(sk$m)=beihdi< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U

by Ellen Cutler

The Spanish

in Florida

Fascinating Facts

• The real name of the pirate Blackbeard, who

attacked Spanish ships along the Florida coast,

was Edward Teach (or Thatch)

• Even though St Augustine was a colony founded

by Spanish settlers in 1565, no king or queen of

Spain visited it until April 1, 2001—almost 436

years later!

• Juan Alonso Cabale, whose ancestors were

Spanish settlers and Timucua Indians, was

the last person who could speak the Timucua

language He died in 1767

Genre Comprehension Skill Text Features

Contrast

• Maps

• Time Line

• Captions

Scott Foresman Social Studies

ISBN 0-328-14873-3

ì<(sk$m)=beihdi< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U

ISBN: 0-328-14873-3

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Printed in the

United States of America This publication or parts thereof, may be used with appropriate

equipment to reproduce copies for classroom use only

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05

Vocabulary

empire expedition colony thatch culture criollo mission missionaries convert

Write to It!

The names of places have special meanings

“Florida,” for example, means “flowery place.” What is the name of your town, or state, or a park, river, or mountain near where you live? Where did that name come from? Write a paragraph about your place

Explain what its name means and where it comes from

Write your paragraph on a separate sheet

of paper.

Maps

3, 5, 14 MapQuest, Inc.

Photographs

Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.

Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education.

Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: Nik Wheeler/Corbis

4 (C1) The Granger Collection, (C2) Image Farm, Inc

8 The Granger Collection

9 Library of Congress, Washington D.C., USA/Bridgeman Art Library

11 The Granger Collection, NY

12 Timothy O`Keefe/Index Stock Imagery

13 Richard Cummins/Corbis

15 ©N Carter/North Wind Picture Archives

This book is about St Augustine, Florida

St Augustine is the oldest town in the

United States of America that was built

by settlers from Europe Settlers from

Spain built this town around a Native

American village

Editorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois • Parsippany, New Jersey • New York, New York Sales Offices: Needham, Massachusetts • Duluth, Georgia • Glenview, Illinois Coppell, Texas • Sacramento, California • Mesa, Arizona

by Ellen Cutler

The Spanish

in Florida

The Spanish Arrive

in Florida

Spain was the first country in Europe to make

America part of its empire.

In 1492 Christopher Columbus set sail from

Spain across the Atlantic Ocean He was headed

for India When he landed in the islands southeast

of Florida, he was sure he had arrived in India He

called the people he found “Indians” and claimed

the islands in the name of the king and queen of

Spain

Other explorers followed Columbus They sailed

farther and found a huge land beyond the islands,

which they added to the Spanish Empire

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Palos

SPAIN

ATLANTIC OCEAN

Caribbean Sea

Bahama Islands

Canary Islands

Cuba

Hispaniola

San Salvador Island

N O RT H

A M E R I C A

S O U T H A M E R I C A

A F R I C A

E U R O P E

0 500 1,000 Miles

0 500 1,000 Kilometers

N

Columbus’s first voyage, 1492–1493

Key

3

Juan Ponce de León, another explorer sent by Spain, gave Florida its name In 1513 Ponce de León sailed his ship through the Atlantic Ocean and past tiny islands and beautiful beaches He brought

his expedition ashore at a place filled with

sweet-smelling flowers He named the land “la Florida.”

La Florida is Spanish for “flowery place.”

The area that Ponce de León named “la Florida”

was much larger than the state of Florida is today

It covered several states from the Mississippi River

to the Atlantic Ocean

In 1521 Ponce de León returned to Florida and

tried to start a colony Life was hard, and Native

Americans attacked the settlers, forcing Ponce de

León and his crew to leave Other Spanish explorers

founded colonies too, but none of them was a

success

Juan Ponce de León

ATLANTIC OCEAN

Lake Okeechobee

Cape Canaveral

Pensacola

San Luis Castillo de

San Marcos

St Augustine San Mateo

Tampa Bay Charlotte Harbor Gulf of Mexico

Biscayne Bay

GEORGIA ALABAMA

0 75 150 Miles

0 75 150 Kilometers

N

5

The Founding of

St Augustine

Other European countries followed Spain to America’s shores France, Holland, and England all sent expeditions to explore the country and claim its land

When France built a colony on the northeastern coast of Florida in 1564, Spain was determined to destroy it

The king of Spain sent Pedro Menéndez de Avilés

to drive the French out and colonize the area

14873_001-016.indd 5 3/2/05 8:46:43 PM

In 1565 Menéndez’s troops battled the French

and won Menéndez named the place where he set

up camp St Augustine He also brought settlers to

live there

Most of the colonists were men Only a few were

women and some were enslaved Africans

Life in St Augustine was dangerous and difficult

The colonists feared the Native Americans and soon

1492

Christopher Columbus arrives in islands near Florida.

1564

France founds a colony on the northeastern coast of Florida.

1513

Ponce de León claims new land for Spain and names it

“la Florida.”

1577

Missionaries arrive in large numbers in Florida to convert Native Americans to Christianity.

1565

Menéndez founds

St Augustine and destroys the French colony.

Dates in the History of Florida and St Augustine

6

14873_001-016.indd 6 3/2/05 8:46:49 PM

7

moved to a nearby island where they could feel safe Only the soldiers stayed behind

The townspeople came back to St Augustine in

1572, but life remained hard St Augustine was destroyed by fire several times and suffered through many storms Some of the worst hurricanes came in

1599, 1638, 1674, and 1707

1740

British settlers

in the colony of Georgia attack

St Augustine.

1783

Spain takes back control of Florida after the American War for Independence.

1845

Florida becomes the 27th state in the United States of

America

1763

Spain loses Florida

to Great Britain.

1821

Spain gives Florida to the United States.

The Timucua Indians

When Menéndez landed in Florida, he was

welcomed by the Timucua Indians The Timucua

had lived in the area for more than five hundred

years

Timucua homes were round huts made from

thatch The largest building in the village was the

council house, where meetings were held It was in

the center of the village Each family had its own

home, but the whole community cooked and ate

together

This was one of the first pictures made

of Native Americans

in North America.

9

Timucua men had long hair, which they tied in a knot on top of their heads They hunted bears, deer, wild turkey, and alligators with spears, clubs, and bows and arrows They also made dugout canoes from the trunks of large trees

The women grew corn, beans, and squash They also gathered roots, berries, and nuts They sewed clothes and shaped cooking pots from clay they dug from the ground

14873_001-016.indd 9 3/2/05 8:47:01 PM

The Timucua and

the Colonists

In 1565 the Timucua chief of the area around

St Augustine was named Seloy He invited

Menéndez and his troops to stay in his village and

even welcomed the settlers His people gave the

newcomers food and showed them how to build

thatch houses

When the settlers took over the village, however,

the Timucua defended their land They attacked the

Spanish fort, setting it on fire with burning arrows

The coming of the Europeans changed the world

the Timucua and other Native Americans had known

The colonists often treated them badly and forced

them to do heavy work With the arrival of the

settlers also came diseases that killed many Native

Americans

14873_001-016.indd 10 3/2/05 8:47:09 PM

Daily Life in Spanish

St Augustine

St Augustine was a small town It was also a poor town There were no large farms, goldmines,

or forests full of trees

The colonists faced floods, fires, hurricanes, disease, and unfriendly Native Americans Often there was not enough food

Still, St Augustine was important to the Spanish Empire Ships full of treasure on their way back to Spain could hide from storms and pirates Soldiers living in the fort could defend Florida from the English

English ships attack and destroy St Augustine.

11

14873_001-016.indd 11 3/2/05 8:47:14 PM

The People of St Augustine

The culture of St Augustine was very much like

Spain’s culture The colonists followed the Catholic

religion and obeyed Spanish laws Even the

buildings were built in the Spanish style

The people with the most power in St Augustine

were the peninsulars (peh-NIN-seh-lehrs) Peninsulars

were born in Spain but lived in America They were

called peninsulars because Spain, like Florida, is a

peninsula

Next came the criollos (cree-OH-yohs) A criollo

had Spanish-born parents but was born in Florida

The peninsulars and criollos in the rich and upper

classes held tightly to the culture of Old Spain

12

Poor people, like soldiers and workers, had less power than rich people Native Americans and enslaved people had the least amount of power in the Spanish colonies

There were many more men than women in the Spanish colonies Therefore, soldiers often married Native American women These women brought their traditions and culture with them to the colony

St Augustine soon created a new culture that combined Spanish, Native American, and African

customs

13

14873_001-016.indd 13 3/2/05 8:47:28 PM

San

Nicolás

Carlos

San Juan Guarcára Santa Catalina Santa Fé de Toloca

Santa Rosa

San Salvador

de Mayaca

San Antonio

de Anacape

Tissimi

Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Tolomato Nombre

de Dios San Juan del Puerto

Santa Maria Santa Catalina

de Guale

San Diego San Francisco

de Potano

San Luis

de Eloquale

San Luis de Acuera Santa Lucia de Acuera

Santa Cruz de Tarihica Santa Cruz de Ajohica

San Pedro Santa Elena San Mateo

San Lorenzo

de Ibitachuco

San Miguél

San Damian San Luis

San Pedro

de los Chines

St Augustine

ATLANTIC OCEAN

G u l f o f M e x i c o

Apalachee Bay

St Johns Bay

APALACHEE

A P

A LA

C EE

T IM

U C

U TIM

UC UA

TIM UCU A

GEORGIA

Mission Mission trail Native American group Native American group Present-day border

Key

APALACHEE

TIMUCUA

0 25 50 Miles

0 25 50 Kilometers

N

14

The Spanish Missions

in Florida

Another event that changed life in Florida in the

1600s was the building of Spanish missions The

Spanish government sent missionaries as well

as soldiers and settlers to Florida The goal of the

missionaries was to convert Native Americans

to Christianity Missionaries founded religious

communities, or missions, that provided housing,

care, and education for the Native Americans By

1675 a chain of missions stretched across northern

Florida

14873_001-016.indd 14 3/2/05 8:47:34 PM

15

The End of Spanish

St Augustine

The English continued to colonize America

Attacks on Spanish settlements such as St Augustine took place more often Finally Spain gave Florida

to England in return for control over the island of Cuba

In 1763, more than 250 years after Ponce de León claimed “la Florida” for the Spanish Empire,

it became part of the British Empire St Augustine became an English town The United States took over Florida in

1821 In 1845, Florida became the twenty-seventh state

St Augustine became the oldest European settlement in the United States

14873_001-016.indd 15 3/2/05 8:47:40 PM

colony a settlement or town built by one

country in another country

convert to change a person’s point of view or

religious beliefs to a different view or belief

criollo a person whose ancestors came from

Spain and who was born in one of Spain’s

colonies in North or South America

culture the religion, laws, and arts unique to

a group of people that can be passed down to

their children and grandchildren

empire a government that controls lands far

beyond the borders of its country

expedition a group making a journey for a

purpose, such as exploring an unknown land

mission a church or settlement where religion

is taught

missionaries people who go out in the world

to teach a particular religion or set of beliefs

thatch leaves or other plant material used in

building structures

16

14873_001-016.indd 16 3/2/05 8:47:48 PM

ISBN: 0-328-14873-3

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Printed in the

United States of America This publication or parts thereof, may be used with appropriate

equipment to reproduce copies for classroom use only

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05

Vocabulary

empire expedition colony thatch culture criollo mission missionaries convert

Write to It!

The names of places have special meanings

“Florida,” for example, means “flowery place.” What is the name of your town, or state, or a park, river, or mountain near where you live? Where did that name come from? Write a paragraph about your place

Explain what its name means and where it comes from

Write your paragraph on a separate sheet

of paper.

Maps

3, 5, 14 MapQuest, Inc.

Photographs

Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.

Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education.

Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: Nik Wheeler/Corbis

4 (C1) The Granger Collection, (C2) Image Farm, Inc

8 The Granger Collection

9 Library of Congress, Washington D.C., USA/Bridgeman Art Library

11 The Granger Collection, NY

12 Timothy O`Keefe/Index Stock Imagery

13 Richard Cummins/Corbis

15 ©N Carter/North Wind Picture Archives

This book is about St Augustine, Florida

St Augustine is the oldest town in the

United States of America that was built

by settlers from Europe Settlers from

Spain built this town around a Native

American village