People at work the world in your kitchen

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in Your Kitel lien

illustrated by Frank Riccio

Number of Words: 347

Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company All rights reserved

No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system without the prior written permission of Houghton Mifflin Company unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law Address inquiries to School Permissions, Houghton Mifflin

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ISBN: 0-618-45787-9

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by Sarah Amada illustrated by Frank Riccio

“4 HOUGHTON MIFFLIN BOSTON

banana probably came from another country You can When was the last time you ate a banana? That

get fresh foods from all over the world at your local

supermarket Refrigeration and transportation help

bring foods from around the world to your kitchen

2

Qo fresh

mushrooms

pineapples

walnuts

eB cocoa beans potatoes

© avocados

Refrigeration is a way to keep food and drinks cold Transportation is the way goods move from place to place You would not have bananas or other

kinds of fruits and vegetables that you eat each day without refrigeration or transportation

Long ago, there were no refrigerators, freezers,

cars, or trucks People used animals or ships to

transport goods from place to place It took a long

time, and food could spoil or rot People had to eat

the fruits and vegetables that grew nearby.

In the 1800s, faster ships could move fresh foods long distances from producer to consumer

Businesses in New York sold ice from the frozen Hudson River to faraway places to keep food cool Families used ice in metal or wooden iceboxes

insulated with straw or seaweed People stored food with a block of fresh ice that they bought each week

Refrigeration and Transportation Inventions

circa 1844 Dr John

f Gorrie builds an ice-making machine

1814 George

Stephenson builds

a steam powered

railroad locomotive

1867 J.B

Sutherland invents the refrigerated

railroad car

Ice was also carried by train, which was a very fast means of transportation The trains had

refrigerated cars that carried milk, butter, eggs, fresh

fruit, fish, and cheese Soon shoppers in Illinois could

buy peaches from Georgia, grapes from California,

and apples from Oregon and Washington Families

had more healthful diets because fresh food could be

shipped all around the country

6

1885 Karl Benz

improves the gas engine for cars

1930 Frank Whitter builds the first jet

engine for airplanes

1949 Fred Jones

invents refrigeration

for trucks

1903 Orville and Wilbur

Wright invent the airplane

Inventors then found a way to use electricity to make cooling systems that worked without ice Soon

smaller, better machines could cool buildings, trains,

and trucks Refrigerators became small enough that

families could use them instead of iceboxes at home.

“Transportation changes helped move food

farther and faster Today, planes, trucks, trains, and

ships all have refrigeration systems Food arrives by

way of trade with other countries and reaches your

supermarket without spoiling So the next time you

eat a banana, think of all the inventors who helped

bring it to you They were a cool bunch!

Responding

Think About What You Have Read

m What are three foods that might come from

other countries?

H How did using ice to cool food help people?

H Which do you think is more important,

transportation or refrigeration? Give two or

three reasons why

Activity Write an article that tells how new inventions changed what people could buy in the grocery store Share your article with the class by reading it aloud or posting it on a bulletin board

People at Work

428, HOUGHTON MIFFLIN