Explore the galaxy (space and technology)

What are some details from the chapter that support this idea?. Reader Response Main Idea Details Details Details Explore the Galaxy by Eve Beck Editorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois • P

Suggested levels for Guided Reading, DRA, ™

Lexile, ® and Reading Recovery ™ are provided

in the Pearson Scott Foresman Leveling Guide.

Scott Foresman Reading Street 2.1.2

ISBN 0-328-13237-3 ì<(sk$m)=bdcdhj< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U

Explore the Galaxy

by Eve Beck

Genre Comprehension

Skills and Strategy Text Features

Expository

nonfi ction

• Main Idea

• Fact and Opinion

• Text Structure

• Chapter Titles

• Table of Contents

• Diagrams

• Glossary

Space and Technology

Suggested levels for Guided Reading, DRA, ™

Lexile, ® and Reading Recovery ™ are provided

in the Pearson Scott Foresman Leveling Guide.

Scott Foresman Reading Street 2.1.2

ISBN 0-328-13237-3 ì<(sk$m)=bdcdhj< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U

Explore the Galaxy

by Eve Beck

Genre Comprehension

Skills and Strategy Text Features

Expository

nonfi ction

• Main Idea

• Fact and Opinion

• Text Structure

• Chapter Titles

• Table of Contents

• Diagrams

• Glossary

Space and Technology

1 What was the main idea in Chapter 2?

What are some details from the chapter that support this idea?

2 How are the headings in this book

organized?

that shows what an orbit is

4 What opinion do you think scientists

have of space exploration? What facts from the book support this opinion?

Reader Response

Main Idea

Details Details

Details

Explore the Galaxy

by Eve Beck

Editorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois • Parsippany, New Jersey • New York, New York Sales Offices: Needham, Massachusetts • Duluth, Georgia • Glenview, Illinois

Coppell, Texas • Ontario, California • Mesa, Arizona

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correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.

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Background (Bkgd)

Opener:(Bkgd) Getty Images, (C) NASA; 1 MSFC/NASA; 6 JPL/NASA; 7 Getty Images;

8 NASA; 11 NASA; 12 NASA

ISBN: 0-328-13237-3

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2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05

3

CONTENTS

Our Solar System

Space Exploration

The Future

A Solar System Mobile

Chapter 1: Our Solar System

Our solar system has nine planets

These nine planets orbit the Sun, which

means they travel around the Sun

Earth, where we live, is one of the nine planets The others are Mercury,

Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,

Neptune, and Pluto

There are also millions of large pieces

of rock orbiting the Sun These are

called asteroids.

4

Saturn

Jupiter

Mars Earth Venus Mercury

Sun

This picture shows the Sun and

planets of our solar system

Which planet is closest to

the Sun? Which is

farthest away? Can

you find Earth?

The Sun is the center of our solar system The word solar means “having

to do with the Sun.” The solar system includes the Sun and everything circling the Sun, including the planets and

asteroids

The Sun is actually a star It keeps everything orbiting around it by a force

called gravity Each orbit is the shape of

an oval

5

Pluto

Neptune Uranus

The solar system also includes the planets’ moons Seven out of the nine

planets have moons Earth and Pluto

have only one moon each Mercury and

Venus have no moons Mars has two

small moons

6

Jupiter

Jupiter and one of its moons

Uranus has five large moons and many small ones Neptune has two large moons and eleven smaller ones Saturn has more than 40 moons Jupiter has more moons than any other planet It has more than fifty moons!

7

Saturn

Saturn and three

of its moons

Each planet moves in its own orbit

The planets change position as they

move Their distance from the Sun also

changes

Look at the diagram of Earth and the Sun below Use your finger to trace

Earth’s orbit

8

It takes Earth 365 days to orbit the Sun one time.

Sun

Chapter 2: Space Exploration

Scientists use spaceships, robots, and satellites to explore space

People called astronauts travel into space Many astronauts are also scientists Astronauts train for many years to do their job They need to be healthy They also need to know how spaceships work

Satellites are spacecraft that are sent

to orbit Earth without people on them

We can learn new things about our solar system from the information astronauts, robots, and satellites bring back

9

Let’s look at some space exploration missions

• The first satellite launched by the

United States was called Explorer 1 It

was sent into space in January 1958

• In 1964, Mariner 4 flew by Mars

It took the very first close-up photographs of another planet

• In 1969, the first humans landed

on the Moon They were American Apollo astronauts

10

Apollo 11 astronauts

walked on the Moon.

Deep Space 1 was a spacecraft built

to use new equipment in space The mission was a success! In 2001, Deep Space 1 flew past a comet called Borrelly

and took photographs of it to send back

to Earth

11

Comet Borrelly

Deep Space 1

Chapter 3: The Future

An exciting mission is taking place right now on Mars It is called the Mars

Exploration Program Two robots,

named Spirit and Opportunity, landed

on Mars in January 2004 These robots

are trying to learn if life could ever have

existed on Mars

In addition to current study, scientists are making plans for the future One

of their plans is the Mars Science

Laboratory A laboratory is a place

where scientific information is gathered

12

The Mars Science Laboratory will be special It will be a robot that can gather even more information than Spirit and Opportunity are collecting!

Many scientists hope that we will be able to explore more of the galaxy A galaxy is a huge star system Our Sun is just one star in a galaxy called the Milky Way

Some people hope space travel will

be easier By the time you are grown

up, you may be able to ascend into space and descend back to Earth, even if

you’re not an astronaut

This robot can drive on the surface of Mars.

13

Now Try This

A Solar System Mobile

Would you like to learn the names of all the planets and the order in which

they appear, from closest

to farthest from the Sun?

Follow these steps and

build a model of the

solar system!

Pluto Neptune Uranus Saturn

Jupiter Mars Earth

Mercury Venus

Sun

15

You will need string, poster board, paints, scissors, a hole punch, and a pencil

1 First, use the information in this book and the picture on page 14 to draw

a circle for each of the planets in our solar system Also, make a circle for the Sun The Sun should be the biggest circle Label each planet

2 Carefully cut out each circle Line up the planets in order of distance from the Sun Mercury should be the first one on the left and Pluto should be the last one on the right

3 Cut a different length of string for each planet

4 Use a hole punch to make nine holes around the edge of the Sun Make one hole in the top of each planet

Attach each planet to the Sun with string

Her e’s H ow to D o It!

Glossary

upward

pieces of rock

orbiting the Sun

downward

that pulls objects to

Earth

a place where

scientific

information is

gathered

around something

n the path a

planet, moon, or satellite travels as it circles another body

in space

that circle a planet

or moon, made and put in orbit by humans

1 What was the main idea in Chapter 2?

What are some details from the chapter that support this idea?

2 How are the headings in this book

organized?

that shows what an orbit is

4 What opinion do you think scientists

have of space exploration? What facts from the book support this opinion?

Reader Response

Main Idea

Details Details

Details