3 6 2 why we live where we live

You have read about communities that are located near water, in deserts, and in mountains.. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top T, Center C, Bottom B, Left L, Right R, Background Bkgd

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Scott Foresman Social Studies

Nonfi ction Main Idea

and Details

• Glossary

• Headings

ISBN 0-328-14823-7

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Fascinating Facts

• The Nile River in Egypt is the world’s longest

river, but the Amazon River in Brazil moves

the most water

• The world’s largest freshwater lake is Lake

Baikal in Russia

• The highest temperature ever recorded in the

world is 136°F (58°C) in the Sahara

Scott Foresman Social Studies

Nonfi ction Main Idea

and Details

• Glossary

• Headings

ISBN 0-328-14823-7

ì<(sk$m)=beicdd< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U

Fascinating Facts

• The Nile River in Egypt is the world’s longest

river, but the Amazon River in Brazil moves

the most water

• The world’s largest freshwater lake is Lake

Baikal in Russia

• The highest temperature ever recorded in the

world is 136°F (58°C) in the Sahara

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location culture community transportation population

Write to It!

You have read about communities that are located near water, in deserts, and in mountains Write one paragraph about how your life is affected by the land around you

Write your paragraph on a separate sheet

of paper.

ISBN: 0-328-14823-7

by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited

reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means,

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permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue,

Glenview, Illinois 60025.

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Photographs

Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.

Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education.

Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd) Opener: (C) ©Royalty-Free/Corbis, (T) ©Getty Images, (B) Getty Images

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10 ©Frans Lemmens/Getty Images

15 ©Getty Images

In this book you will read about places

where people live that are located in

different areas You will read about people

living near water, in deserts, and in the

mountains This book will explore how the

kind of land that surrounds a community

affects the way people live

Editorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois • Parsippany, New Jersey • New York, New York Sales Offices: Needham, Massachusetts • Duluth, Georgia • Glenview, Illinois Coppell, Texas • Sacramento, California • Mesa, Arizona

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Where People Live

If you live near an ocean, you might enjoy playing

in the water Someone you know might earn

money by fishing You may have seen a hurricane

If you live near an ocean, your daily life might be

connected to the water

Wherever you live, your daily life is connected

to that environment People live in many different

places on Earth, and these locations affect the

cultures of the people who live there.

3

People adapt, or adjust to, their surroundings

For example, people who live in cold climates cannot change the weather, but they can learn how to keep warm

A community forms where people can live safely and can get the supplies they need A

community is a place where people live, work,

and have fun together

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Water

When you look at a map or a globe, you will

see lots of blue areas that represent water Water

includes the rivers, lakes, streams, and oceans that

cover almost three-fourths of Earth’s surface

Water is necessary for humans to live, so people

often live where water is plentiful Lakes and

rivers provide water for drinking, cooking, and

washing Fishing provides food for many people

around the world

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Many people enjoy living near water because of its natural beauty They can also take part in water sports, such as surfing, swimming, and canoeing

Living near water can sometimes be dangerous

Severe storms with heavy rains can cause floods that might damage homes and buildings People who live near water must also know how to work and play safely

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Oceans are huge bodies of salt water that

separate large areas of land There are four oceans

on Earth They are the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific

Ocean, the Arctic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean

The United States is bordered by the Atlantic

Ocean and the Pacific Ocean Many large cities are

located on ocean coasts because of the shipping and

fishing industries These businesses need many

workers, so many people are able to find jobs

7

Communities are often located near rivers, another source of water Rivers are large streams

of fresh water that flow into another body of water

Before there were many roads, rivers were

used for transportation After railroads were built, populations could grow in towns far

away from rivers

Farming communities can usually be found near rivers This is because the rivers are a good water source for growing crops

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Lakes are bodies of water surrounded on all sides

by land Most lakes are freshwater, but some are

salt water Thousands of years ago, large sheets of

ice called glaciers moved slowly across the earth

The glaciers carved holes that filled with water

from rain or melting ice to make lakes

9

Some people live on islands, or pieces of land that are surrounded on all sides by water Islands can be found in lakes, rivers, or oceans

Life in island communities is affected by how far the islands are from the mainland Some islands are connected to the mainland by bridges People can drive to and from the island easily

Some islands have no bridges and can only be reached by plane or boat In that case, people on the island must plan carefully if they depend on supplies from other places When there is bad weather, it can be difficult to get supplies

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Deserts

People have lived in deserts since ancient times

Desert populations are usually very small Deserts

are dry places that receive less than ten inches of

rain per year

Weather in the desert is extreme The days are

very hot and the nights are very cold There are

sandstorms with high winds in deserts People who

live in the desert must have shelter and clothing

that protect them from the harsh conditions

11

In some places, people who live in the desert move around to find water supplies Their homes are tents that are light and easy to pack and carry In some modern desert homes, there may be air conditioning

Desert clothing must be light to keep a person’s body cool It is also important to wear a hat and sunscreen in the desert

Some deserts are always cold The continent Antarctica is a desert with lots of ice and snow It hardly ever rains or snows there

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Moving Mountains

Mountains are tall, natural landforms that

rise into peaks, or tops The air at the peaks of

mountains is colder than the air below, so many

mountaintops are covered with snow all the time

As the temperature changes, snow melts and runs

down the mountain into the streams and rivers

People drink from these freshwater sources

13

Mountain areas can be a challenge for people For early explorers getting over or around mountains was very difficult Today, many countries have roads and tunnels that make travel in and through mountains much easier

Mountain land is often too rocky and steep for growing food or raising cows There are often small communities in mountain valleys There are also cities on the edges of some mountain regions

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Sharing the Land

All communities share their surroundings with

plants and animals There are flowers that grow in

the mountains that grow nowhere else Cactuses

grow in the desert because they can survive with

little water Each environment affects the types of

plants and animals that live there

Every community is special All communities have cultures with customs and traditions related to the environment around them Transportation, food, and clothes all connect people to where they live

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Glossary

community a place where people live,

work, and have fun together

culture the arts, beliefs, behavior, and

ideas of a group of people

location where something can be found

population the number of people in

an area

transportation a way of carrying things

or people from place to place

Vocabulary