12 William Manning/Corbis 13 Monticello/Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Inc.. 14 The New York Public Library/Art Resource, NY In this book you will read about Thomas Jefferson.. Thomas Jeff
Trang 1Scott Foresman Social Studies
Nonfi ction Summarize • Captions
• Glossary
• Map
• Headings
ISBN 0-328-14838-5
ì<(sk$m)=beidih< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U
Thomas Jefferson
A M A N O F I D E AS
by Pat McCarthy
Fascinating Facts
• Thomas Jefferson was a fine violinist He played
the violin when he took breaks while writing
the Declaration of Independence
• The name Monticello means “little mountain”
in Italian
• Jefferson did not seat people at his dinner table
according to their ranks He considered every
person at his table equal
Scott Foresman Social Studies
Nonfi ction Summarize • Captions
• Glossary
• Map
• Headings
ISBN 0-328-14838-5
ì<(sk$m)=beidih< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U
Thomas Jefferson
A M A N O F I D E AS
by Pat McCarthy
Fascinating Facts
• Thomas Jefferson was a fine violinist He played
the violin when he took breaks while writing
the Declaration of Independence
• The name Monticello means “little mountain”
in Italian
• Jefferson did not seat people at his dinner table
according to their ranks He considered every
person at his table equal
Trang 2Vocabulary council direct democracy governor responsibility candidate
Write to It!
Jefferson wrote about people’s rights Is there a right you think people should have? Write a paragraph about your ideas
Write your paragraph on a separate sheet
of paper.
ISBN: 0-328-14838-5
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Printed in the
United States of America This publication or parts thereof, may be used with appropriate
equipment to reproduce copies for classroom use only
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
Photographs
Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.
Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education.
Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: (C) Stock Montage/SuperStock, (Bkgd) ©Joseph Sohm; Visions of America/Corbis
2 (B1) Fred J Maroon/Photo Researchers, Inc., (B2) Getty Images
3 Lee Snider/Photo Images/Corbis
4 Bettmann/Corbis
5 John Neubauer/PhotoEdit
6 ©Joseph Sohm; Visions of America/Corbis
7 Bettmann/Corbis
8 C.W Jarvis/Corbis
9 (B1) Christie’s Images/Bridgeman Art library, (B2) Getty Images
10 Getty Images
11 Stock Montage Inc.
12 William Manning/Corbis
13 Monticello/Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Inc.
14 The New York Public Library/Art Resource, NY
In this book you will read about Thomas
Jefferson He wrote many important
documents for our government He was
the third President of the United States
and did many other jobs for our country
Editorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois • Parsippany, New Jersey • New York, New York Sales Offices: Needham, Massachusetts • Duluth, Georgia • Glenview, Illinois Coppell, Texas • Ontario, California • Mesa, Arizona
Thomas Jefferson
A M A N O F I D E AS
by Pat McCarthy
Trang 3A Man of Ideas
Thomas Jefferson was a man of many ideas
He stated these ideas clearly in his writing
Much of our government is based on Jefferson’s
ideas He wrote some of our country’s most
important documents
Jefferson was born April 13, 1743, on a farm
in Virginia He had seven brothers and sisters
When Jefferson was born, Virginia belonged to
England It was one of thirteen British colonies
in the New World
Thomas Jefferson
3
Jefferson’s Education
Jefferson attended a one-room school where
he learned to read, write, and do arithmetic
His father later sent him to a teacher to learn French, Latin, and Greek
From his father, Jefferson learned to exercise
He also learned to be independent “Never ask another to do for you what you can do for yourself,” his father said
When Jefferson was fourteen, his father died
Jefferson attended another school for two years
When he was sixteen, Jefferson went to the College of William and Mary in Virginia A professor, Dr William Small, liked Jefferson and introduced him to important people in Virginia
William and Mary College
Trang 4After two years Jefferson left college to study
law with a famous lawyer, George Wythe They
discussed legal cases Jefferson read law books
and went to court He wrote that Wythe was
“my faithful and beloved mentor [teacher] in
youth and my most affectionate [loving] friend
through life.”
Jefferson Enters Politics
Jefferson became a lawyer in 1767 In 1769 he
was elected to the House of Burgesses, which made
laws for Virginia Like many other Virginians,
Jefferson was unhappy with British rule
Jefferson studied law.
5
Jefferson Settles Down
Jefferson married Martha Skelton in 1772
He built a house on land his father had left him He named the house Monticello
During this time, the American colonies were becoming more and more unhappy with British rule They did not think England should control them
In 1774 Jefferson became known in the colonies when he wrote a booklet about the colonists’ rights He said that England did not have the right to make laws for the colonies
This booklet was called A Summary View of the
Rights of British America.
Jefferson’s home, Monticello
Trang 5Preamble to the Declaration of Independence
The Colonies Declare Independence
In 1774 a council of representatives from the
colonies met in Philadelphia This was the First
Continental Congress
The next year, the Second Continental Congress
declared themselves free from England Jefferson
wrote the paper that said this to the English rulers
This was the Declaration of Independence
It took two weeks for Jefferson to write the
Declaration of Independence Jefferson said
it was meant to be “an expression of the
American mind.” It explained that when men
tried to settle problems with their rulers and
could not, they had the right to break ties with
their rulers The colonies wanted to be a direct
democracy.
Congress passed the Declaration of
Independence It was signed on July 4, 1776
7
The Colonies Fight the Revolution
The colonies were now fighting a war to win their freedom from England This was called the Revolutionary War and it lasted for eight years
In 1777 Jefferson wrote another important
document It was called the Virginia Statute for
Religious Freedom It said the government should
not tell people what to believe or what religion
to follow
Signing of the Declaration of Independence
Trang 6Jefferson wrote a book about Virginia.
In 1779, during the war, Jefferson was elected
governor of Virginia This was a terrible time
for him Jefferson was in charge of saving
Virginia from the British, but the colony had no
money to buy food or supplies for the soldiers
The British attacked Virginia People blamed
Jefferson for Virginia’s problems
Back to Monticello
Jefferson’s term as governor ended before
the war did Jefferson went back to Monticello
and wrote a book about Virginia The war ended
in 1783
9
John Adams
In 1782, Martha Jefferson died after the birth
of the Jeffersons’ sixth child Jefferson was so sad that he stayed in his room for three weeks
His daughter, Martha, was the only one allowed into the room with him
Jefferson Serves His Country
Jefferson’s country needed him, though, and
he felt some responsibility He was elected to
the new Congress and wrote several important papers
Soon Jefferson was asked
to help John Adams and Benjamin Franklin
make treaties, or agreements, with nations in Europe
Jefferson agreed
to go to France
He stayed in France for five years
Trang 7Thomas Jefferson
While Jefferson was gone, George Washington
was elected the first President of the United
States Washington asked Jefferson to be
Secretary of State Jefferson served for three
years and helped the United States get along
with other countries
In 1796 Jefferson ran as a candidate for
President but lost to his friend John Adams
Jefferson became Vice President The two men
had very different ideas and did not get along
anymore
Jefferson as President
In 1801 Jefferson beat
Adams in an election and
became President He got
up at five o’clock in the
morning and spent
hours each day at his
desk He held dinners
and served new foods,
such as ice cream
and macaroni
11
In 1803 Jefferson arranged for the United States to buy Louisiana from France It stretched from the Rocky Mountains to the Mississippi River This new territory doubled the size of the United States
Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the new land He told them to find out about the soil, plants, animals, and the land Lewis and Clark traveled eight thousand miles in a little more than two years They brought back drawings, maps, and journals
When some people heard about Lewis and Clark’s findings, they moved west This was the beginning of the westward movement
in America
Lewis and Clark explored the new land.
Trang 8Library of Congress
Jefferson’s Retirement
Jefferson decided not to run for a third term as
President He was happy to return to Monticello
He wrote to a friend, “Never did a prisoner
released from his chains feel such relief.”
Jefferson enjoyed his grandchildren and his
many visitors, but he liked to spend time by
himself reading He often said, “I cannot live
without books.”
The British burned the library in Washington,
D.C., during the War of 1812 Jefferson offered
his own library to replace it, and Congress
bought his books This was the beginning of
what is now the Library of Congress
13
Jefferson invented the revolving bookstand.
Jefferson spent a lot of time writing letters He and John Adams became friends again and wrote letters to each other for the rest of their lives
Jefferson was an inventor too He invented
a revolving stand that held five books and
a portable desk that he used to write the Declaration of Independence He also invented
a macaroni machine and a plow with an iron blade
Trang 9University of Virginia
After he retired, Jefferson’s biggest project was
establishing the University of Virginia It was
the first university that was not connected to
a church The university opened in March of
1825 Jefferson invited all the students to dinner
at Monticello
Jefferson’s Death
Thomas Jefferson died at Monticello on
July 4, 1826 It was fifty years after the
Declaration of Independence was signed
Jefferson was eighty-three years old John
Adams died the same day in Massachusetts
15
Jefferson was buried under a big oak tree on
a hillside at Monticello His wife Martha, his daughter Maria, and his sister Jane were buried nearby He designed his own tombstone, which tells the things he did that he was most proud
of It said:
HERE WAS BURIED THOMAS JEFFERSON AUTHOR OF THE DECLARATION
OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE
OF THE STATUTE OF VIRGINIA
FOR RELIGIOUS FREEDOM AND FATHER OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
Trang 10candidate a person who runs for office
council a group of people who make laws
and rules for a community
direct democracy government run by the
people who live under it
governor a person elected as the head of a
state in the United States
responsibility a duty; something that must
be done
16
Vocabulary council direct democracy governor responsibility candidate
Write to It!
Jefferson wrote about people’s rights Is there a right you think people should have? Write a paragraph about your ideas
Write your paragraph on a separate sheet
of paper.
ISBN: 0-328-14838-5
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Printed in the
United States of America This publication or parts thereof, may be used with appropriate
equipment to reproduce copies for classroom use only
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
Photographs
Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.
Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education.
Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: (C) Stock Montage/SuperStock, (Bkgd) ©Joseph Sohm; Visions of America/Corbis
2 (B1) Fred J Maroon/Photo Researchers, Inc., (B2) Getty Images
3 Lee Snider/Photo Images/Corbis
4 Bettmann/Corbis
5 John Neubauer/PhotoEdit
6 ©Joseph Sohm; Visions of America/Corbis
7 Bettmann/Corbis
8 C.W Jarvis/Corbis
9 (B1) Christie’s Images/Bridgeman Art library, (B2) Getty Images
10 Getty Images
11 Stock Montage Inc.
12 William Manning/Corbis
13 Monticello/Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Inc.
14 The New York Public Library/Art Resource, NY
In this book you will read about Thomas
Jefferson He wrote many important
documents for our government He was
the third President of the United States
and did many other jobs for our country