Energy and matter 1

The waves carry energy that makes the board move.. The windsurfer uses energy from himself and from the water and the wind to surf... The sun’s energy makes the wind blow.. Wind energy c

and MatterLessons 1–3

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Energy and Matter

How Does Energy Move? 16

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Energy makes things change The

girl uses energy to push the basket

Light is energy that you can

see The light from the flashlight shines on the wall

Heat is also a form of energy

The heat from this stove can cook food

READING FOCUS SKILL

MAIN IDEA AND DETAILS

The main idea is what the text is mostly about Details tell more about the main idea

This lesson is about energy Look for

details about different kinds of energy

D Energy

moves the windsurfer.

What Energy Does

We need energy to do everything The surfer uses energy to hold on to the sail and move it

The waves carry energy that makes the board

move Energy causes changes

The windsurfer uses energy

from himself and from the

water and the wind

to surf

Energy makes things happen The moving

water has the energy to turn the water wheel

Every action needs energy You use energy to go

to school, to read a book, to run, and to

play ball

What are some ways you use energy?

Some Sources of Energy

There are many sources of energy Food is a source of energy When you eat food, you give

your body energy to grow Energy from wind

makes flags wave

Light is energy from the sun that you can see

Heat energy from the sun makes you feel warm

What are some sources of energy?

Sunlight is one kind of energy It helps this tree grow.

Light from the Sun

The sun’s energy is very important to all living

things Sunlight is important to people, plants,

and animals

Plants need sunlight to grow People and some

animals eat plants Food gives us energy that lets

us do many things

This house has a solar panel It changes the

energy from sunlight to energy that machines in

the house can use

Why do we need sunlight?

The solar panels face the sun to take in energy.

Heat from the Sun

The sun also gives Earth heat Heat is energy

that warms an object All living things need heat

Without the sun’s heat, Earth would be so cold

that we could not live here

The sun keeps

us warm.

Fill in the blanks to give details about energy and how it is used.

Most of Earth’s energy comes from the sun

The sun’s energy makes the wind blow Wind

energy can be used to make electricity The

energy in coal and oil came from the sun We

burn these fuels to get light and heat

What is one form of energy that the sun gives us?

The sun gives us energy to make the electricity that lights this sign

Fuel is something that is burned

to produce energy The girl is putting fuel into the car The fuel

2

These batteries have chemicals stored inside This is chemical

energy A battery changes

chemical energy into electrical energy

Electricity is energy that can

move through wires When we put wires in a wall, electricity moves through them

READING FOCUS SKILL

Energy from Fuels

Fuel is something that is burned to get the

energy stored in it Coal, oil, and natural gas are

fuels These fuels come from living things that

died long ago

Coal, oil, and gas store energy When they are burned, they give up their energy We use the

energy to move things, such as a car, or to heat

things, such as our food

What must happen to fuel before we can use its energy?

When the gas burns, its stored energy changes into heat that cooks our food.

Energy from Food

People and animals get the energy they need

from food First, plants take in the sun’s energy

They store it in their fruit and other parts Then,

people eat the plant parts This family is eating

The food gives each person energy to move

and grow

When you eat, your body breaks food down

into tiny parts that are too small to see Some

of these parts travel to your muscles They give

your muscles energy to move your body

What happens to food before your body can use its energy?

Energy from Machines and Batteries

People use energy to make machines do work

A car needs gasoline to move Energy is stored in

the gasoline When the gasoline burns, its stored

energy is released This energy then turns the

wheels to move the car

You use energy to move the pedals of a bike

The pedals are on a wheel that turns bigger

wheels This makes the bike move

Burning gasoline releases energy that turns the wheels of the car.

Complete these sequence sentences.

1 Oil, gas, and are fuels that

formed long ago

2 When a is burned, its stored

energy is released

3 After people eat , their bodies

turn it into energy

4 When something that uses a battery

is turned on, chemical energy changes

to

Review Review

A battery holds chemicals It stores energy in

these chemicals When the battery is used, the

chemical energy changes to electricity

Electricity is energy that can light a flashlight

or move a toy car If you take the batteries out of

the toy car, it will not be able to move

What happens after a machine gets energy?

The raindrop makes rings in the water Each ring is like a wave A

wave carries energy across the

3

The alarm clock rings The air moves quickly back and forth

We hear these vibrations as

sound

Rubbing your hands together

causes friction Friction can slow

the movement of objects that touch Friction can make your hands warm

READING FOCUS SKILL

COMPARE AND CONTRAST

You compare when you look at how things are alike You contrast when you look at how things are different

Compare and contrast the ways energy moves

Waves Carry Energy

Wind blowing across water makes waves The

waves carry the wind’s energy The water moves

up and down The waves also move anything

that is on the water up and down

Light and heat from the sun move to Earth in waves They also carry energy You cannot see

these waves

An earthquake makes the ground move

Energy from the earthquake moves through the

ground in waves

Houses on the ground cannot move

Sometimes, they fall down in an earthquake

How are water waves and light waves the same? How are they different?

Heat from the

sun will cause the

snowman to melt.

Sound Waves

An object that vibrates moves quickly back and

forth These quick movements are vibrations

The vibrations produce sound waves Sound

waves do not move up and down like water

Touch your throat when you talk Feel the

vibrations Your voice makes sound waves when

you talk The singing bird also makes sound

waves

The eardrum is a thin sheet inside the ear

When sound waves hit the eardrum, it vibrates

The vibrations travel through the ear The ear

sends a message to the brain Your brain tells

you what you hear

How are sound waves different from light waves?

A The bird’s song moves through the air as sound waves

Your eardrum vibrates when the sound waves reach it.

Other Ways Energy Moves

Electricity is a kind of energy that does not travel in waves How does electricity move?

Energy stations change the energy of wind, water, or fuel into electricity Then the electricity

travels through wires to your home

A A wind farm is an energy station

An energy station

sends electricity

through wires to

your home B

Complete these sentences that compare

and contrast

1 Both water waves and earthquake

waves move and

2 Sound waves and water waves both

carry

3 Light travels in waves, but

travels through wires

4 Water waves move up and down, but

waves do not

Review Review

If you rub your hands together, you feel

friction Friction slows down objects that are

touching each other The objects get warm

Friction changes the energy of moving objects to

heat energy

How is your body like an energy station?

Quickly rub your hands together, and you will feel friction.

battery (BAT•er•ee) An object that changes

stored chemical energy into electrical energy

electricity (ee•lek•TRIS•uh•tee) A kind of energy

that can move through a wire

energy (EN•er•jee) The ability to cause change

friction (FRIK•shuhn) A force that slows the

motion of objects that are touching

fuel (FYOOL) A material that is burned to produce

energy

heat (HEET) Energy that warms objects

light (LYT) A form of energy you can see

vibrations (vy•BRAY•shuhnz) A series of

back-and-forth movements

wave (WAYV) A disturbance that moves energy to

other places

School-Home Connection

Energy is all around us Make an energy book

with your family Draw pictures, and talk with

your family about how all of you use energy

every day Read your book together

Hands-On Activity

Create your own energy station

1 Help an adult make a meal Explain how

food is a source of energy for people

2 Make waves in your bathtub Put different

objects in the water, and use waves to make them move

Think About the Reading

1 Make a list of the ways you use energy in

your life Doing this will help you remember what you have learned in this book

2 Write down any questions you have after

reading this book