5 5 5 the gold rush of 1849

California Before the Gold Rush California After the Gold Rush Vocabulary economic freight independence overrun recalled scrawled vacant ventured Word count: 1,192 Note: The total word c

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The Gold Rush

of 1849

The Gold Rush

of 1849

by Peggy Bresnick Kendler

Suggested levels for Guided Reading, DRA, ™

Lexile, ® and Reading Recovery ™ are provided

in the Pearson Scott Foresman Leveling Guide.

ISBN 0-328-13574-7 ì<(sk$m)=bdfhef< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U

Genre Comprehension

Skills and Strategy Text Features

Expository

nonfi ction

• Generalize

• Main Idea and Details

• Graphic Organizers

• Table of Contents

• Captions

• Maps

Scott Foresman Reading Street 5.5.5

The Gold Rush

of 1849

The Gold Rush

of 1849

by Peggy Bresnick Kendler

Suggested levels for Guided Reading, DRA, ™

Lexile, ® and Reading Recovery ™ are provided

in the Pearson Scott Foresman Leveling Guide.

ISBN 0-328-13574-7 ì<(sk$m)=bdfhef< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U

Genre Comprehension

Skills and Strategy Text Features

Expository

nonfi ction

• Generalize

• Main Idea and Details

• Graphic Organizers

• Table of Contents

• Captions

• Maps

Scott Foresman Reading Street 5.5.5

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California Before the Gold Rush

California After the Gold Rush

Vocabulary

economic

freight

independence

overrun

recalled

scrawled

vacant

ventured

Word count: 1,192

Note: The total word count includes words in the running text and headings only

Numerals and words in chapter titles, captions, labels, diagrams, charts, graphs,

sidebars, and extra features are not included.

Reader Response

1 People came to the American River to find gold and

become rich Were most people successful? Why or why not?

2 In a graphic organizer like this one, list facts about

California before and then after the Gold Rush

3 The words independence and recalled both have

prefixes Write the prefix of each word Then tell how the prefix changes the base word’s meaning Use each word in a sentence

4 If you were alive in 1849, would you have traveled to

California to make your fortune? Explain your answer

by Peggy Bresnick Kendler

Editorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois • Parsippany, New Jersey • New York, New York Sales Offices: Needham, Massachusetts • Duluth, Georgia • Glenview, Illinois

Coppell, Texas • Ontario, California • Mesa, Arizona

The Gold Rush

of 1849

The Gold Rush

of 1849

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Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for

photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to

correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.

Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman,

a division of Pearson Education.

Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R),

Background (Bkgd)

Opener ©Bettmann/Corbis; 1 ©Minnesota Historical Society/Corbis; 4 ©Bettmann/

Corbis; 6 (Inset)©Bettmann/Corbis, 6 (Bkgd) ©Bettmann/Corbis; 8 ©Bettmann/

Corbis; 10 (Inset)©Minnesota Historical Society/Corbis,10 (Bkgd)©Bettmann/Corbis;

12 ©Hulton Archive/Getty Images; 13 North Wind Picture Archives; 14 North Wind

Picture Archives; 16 (Bkgd)©Lowell Georgia/Corbis; 17 (Bkgd)©Bettmann/Corbis;

18 Corbis; 20 (Bkgd)©Galen Rowell/Corbis; 21 (Inset)©Hulton Archive/Getty Images;

22 ©Leonard de Selva/Corbis

ISBN: 0-328-13574-7

and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited

reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any

means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise For information

regarding permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East

Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0H3 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06

3

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 4

The Gold Rush

CHAPTER 2 6

They Found Gold!

CHAPTER 3 12

The Long Journey West

CHAPTER 4 19

Failure and Frustration

CHAPTER 5 20

After the Gold Rush

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The California Gold

Rush started in 1849

Chapter 1

The Gold Rush

The race for gold changed America’s history and its landscape During this time, many people

traveled to the California area These pioneers

dreamed of finding gold and becoming rich

4

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People traveled to the American River to find gold

California was controlled by Mexico in the early 1840s In 1848, Mexico gave up its claim

The area now had its independence from Mexico,

but it was not yet a state More and more people

ventured west to California Some made the

journey by boat and others by land

5

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Chapter 2 They Found Gold!

John Sutter was one

of the richest people

in California in the 1840s Sutter came from Germany in 1839 to make his fortune He dreamed of building a large farming empire

The Mexican government gave a land grant to

Sutter In return, Sutter had to keep order among

the people and keep the land safe for Mexico

Sutter began to build his farming empire on 48,827

acres of land near the Sierra Nevada He soon had

more than 12,000 cattle and sheep on his farm

6

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Gold was first found on John Sutter’s land in 1848

Sutter built a huge complex His head office was in the three-story Central Building It was surrounded by the other buildings in the complex

7

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In 1840, Sutter built a huge fort on the

Sacramento River It had sleeping quarters for

some of his workers It also had a bakery, a blanket

factory, a blacksmith shop, a carpenter shop, and

other workshops

Six years later, Sutter hired James Marshall to

build a sawmill on the American River On January

24, 1848, Marshall saw something shiny in the water

He picked up the piece of sparkling metal It was

half the size of a pea He had found gold!

8

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James Marshall found gold in the water near Sutter’s Mill

Marshall and his workers found more bits of gold near the sawmill Sutter was worried about

it He wanted to keep building his farming empire for economic

gain He didn’t want a lot of people coming to his land to look for gold

Sutter and Marshall wanted to keep the gold a secret They were not successful A merchant named Sam Brannan spread the word and the Gold Rush began

9

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Sam Brannan was a San Francisco merchant He had a plan to spread the

word about the gold discovery and

make himself rich First, he bought

every shovel, pan, and pickaxe he could

find Then he ran through the streets

with a small pot of gold dust screaming

about the gold He sold his gold mining

tools for a lot of money Before gold

was discovered, a metal pan cost just

twenty cents He sold the

same type of pan for $15

Brannan made more than

$36,000 in just nine weeks

10

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Sam Brannan spread the word and started the Gold Rush.

11

The area was soon overrun by people looking

for gold Sutter could not keep his land from being crowded with so many people By the end of 1849, Sutter’s farming empire was ruined The people seeking gold destroyed his fort and crops

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Chapter 3 The Long Journey West

Soon after gold was discovered, prospectors rushed to California They would be gone from their families and homes for a long time Still, they thought it would be worth the difficult trip They thought their lives would be much better if they could come home with enough gold to make them rich

People from the East had only two ways to get to California: the Oregon-California trail or an ocean voyage Either way, the trip was very long To get to the West Coast, people drove wagons, rode horses, or traveled

by ship

12

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Gold seekers suffered a long, hard journey to the West

13

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By sea

Overland

14

Many people from the East chose to travel

by ship to California The route around the

southern part of South America could take

more than six months

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15

The trip was miserable Many travelers got seasick Their food became rotten and full of bugs, and there was little fresh drinking water

Once they reached California, many had to wait

to be taken to the American River Some waited many months in small coastal towns These towns were overcrowded and many people became ill

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People from the Midwest most often traveled

to California by land They went by foot, wagon, or

horse and had to watch out for bandits So many

wagons used the Oregon-California trail that the

wheels wore deep ruts in places

In 1848, there were about 5,000 miners in

California looking for gold In 1849, there were tens

of thousands of miners Unfortunately, most miners

found very little gold or none at all

Although many people gave up and left

California, thousands stayed They were upset that

they had traveled so far and had nothing to show

for it Many of the men were homesick when they

recalled the life they had before they came west.

16

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Many miners gave up their dream of striking it rich and went back home

17

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Chapter 4 Failure and Frustration

At first, gold was easy to find in the waters of the American River Many of the first people to reach the gold fields became rich However, not all of the miners were as lucky In time, there was very little gold left

People who managed to find gold didn’t find enough to make them rich They had to use their gold to pay for food and shelter The men who made the most money were those who sold supplies and services to the miners

We are lucky to know a lot about the lives of these miners Many of them scrawled notes in

diaries and sent letters home to their families

19

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Chapter 5

After the Gold Rush

During and after the Gold Rush, California changed greatly In the early 1840s, there were

only 5,000 people living in California By the

time James Marshall found the first pieces of

gold, there were 14,000 people in California By

the end of 1849, the number of people rose to

nearly 100,000 Just three years later, there were

250,000 people living in California

In 1850, just one year after the Gold Rush began, California became the 31st state of the

Union Part of the reason was the area’s fast

growth

After the Gold Rush ended, the small towns where many miners had lived were vacant These

towns are called ghost towns Some of these

towns were preserved, so we can now see how

people lived during the Gold Rush

John Sutter went through tough times during and after the Gold Rush His great plans for

building a farming empire were ruined by

gold-seekers Some of the miners used his fort as a

trading post for their supplies Crooks swindled

Sutter out of his land At the end of 1849, he

sold his fort for only $7,000

20

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Sutter lived at Hock Farm with his family until

a former employee burned down his house He went to Washington, D.C., and tried to

get paid for his help in bringing people to California and

making it a state He did not get any money from the government He died

in Pennsylvania in 1880

21

After the Gold Rush, John Sutter lived for a while at Hock Farm.

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The people who stayed in California after the Gold Rush needed to earn a living They became farmers, merchants, and ranchers

California was not the only place in the west where gold was discovered There were other gold rushes in Alaska, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming

The discovery of gold in the American River was one of history’s greatest events The Gold Rush

of 1849 became one of America’s greatest adventure stories

22

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23

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Glossary

to money, business, and

trade

condition of being free

from the control of others

through quickly

and sloppily

risky, often used in terms

of travel

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California Before the Gold Rush

California After the Gold Rush

Vocabulary

economic

freight

independence

overrun

recalled

scrawled

vacant

ventured

Word count: 1,192

Note: The total word count includes words in the running text and headings only

Numerals and words in chapter titles, captions, labels, diagrams, charts, graphs,

sidebars, and extra features are not included.

Reader Response

1 People came to the American River to find gold and

become rich Were most people successful? Why or why not?

2 In a graphic organizer like this one, list facts about

California before and then after the Gold Rush

3 The words independence and recalled both have

prefixes Write the prefix of each word Then tell how the prefix changes the base word’s meaning Use each word in a sentence

4 If you were alive in 1849, would you have traveled to

California to make your fortune? Explain your answer

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