toeic training reading comprehension 730 nxb thời đại

lf the missing word needs a verb, you have to understand the structure of the sentence to have the right choice of the verb form... Answ*r: {A}TIPS TO CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTIONS IN PARTS

TOEIC

The TOEIC Test - Test of English for International Communication - a standardised test giving reliable results, measures proficiency in international business English, at intermediate and advanced levels lt provides an accurate measurement of.the English capabilities of non-native speakers The TOEIC test measures and certifies listening, reading and grammar proficiency in international business English.

The TOEIG tests:

Help businesses build a more effective workforce There is, nowadays, a high demand from leading global corporations for employees to communicate effectively in English That is, employees must

be able to communicate across borders and cultures with co-workers and clients.

Allow employers to make hiring decisions, promotions, transfers depending on job seekers' cations and English language proficiency.

qualifi- Enable universities to better prepare students for the international workplace.

In brief, organizations and job seekers around the world trust TOEIC scores to help them get ahead of the competition.

TOEIC is a very challenging examination, and unfortunately, many students find it hard to achieve the score they need One reason for this is that the TOEIC questions use many challenging words, so students need a considerable number of business vocabulary items The other reason is that TOEIC questions challenge students in a very logical manner Many students are not comfortable with this type

of thinking, which can make the test very challenging.

The maximum score on TOEIC is 990 points A reasonable score is above 700 points, a good score is anything above 900 points, and a great score is anything above 900 points.

Being aware of the practical demand of learners, we have designed the series TOEIC RC and LC - 730 and 860 whose questions are taken from the most recent TOEIC tests with the aim of helping those who want to achieve the score of approximately 700 - 900 points This series of books is hopefully a very beneficial and rewarding material for class use with the assistance of an instructor or for self-study.

Tips to help you prepane for the TOEIC tests:

Listen to music - Music helps you acquire the rhythm and stress patterns of spoken English.

o Listen to the radio and watch TV and films - This helps you pick up the language, and does not bore you either!

Use the language - Set aside half an hour each day to communicate only in English lf you can't : do this face to face, send regular e-mail messages.

Read - Reading is the best way to improve your vocabulary Read newspapers, magazines, websites, novels, and non-fiction books Choose something that genuinely interests you and isn't too challenging.

o Write - Try keeping a daily journal where you can practise using new words and expressions This helps reinforce sentence structures and vocabulary.

There are no shortcuts - the only way to get a high score is by working hard, practising constantly and patiently to improve your English abilities.

May you soon achieve your desired goal!

TOEIC Test Format

There are two separate TOEIC tests: traditional Listening and Reading test and additional Writing andSpeaking test These two types of TOEIC test are administered independently and thus you need toregister, pay fee for them separately and get separate test score reports Check with your employer/

only or both tests) before taking the test Also check with the test site if they offer Writing and Speaking

TOEIC Listening and Reading Test

Section l: Listening

Test takers listen to a variety of questions and short conversations recorded in English, then answerquestions based on what they have heard (100 items in total)

o Part 1: Photographs

o Part 2: Question & Response

o Part 3: Short Conversations

r Part 4: Short Talks

Section ll: Reading

Test takers read a variety of materials and answer 100 items in total at their own pace

o Part 5: lncomplete Sentences

o Part 6:Text Completion

o Part 7: Reading Comprehension

Test Length

o 45 minutes for Section I

o 75 minutes for Section ll

score scale: 5 - 495 for each section (10 - 990 for both)

approximately 30 minutes to answer biographical questions

UNIT 1 Choosing the right word class

Learning point 1 Nouns 1o

Learning point 2 Adjectives i6

Learning point 3 Adverbs r7

UNIT 2 Verb forms

Learning point 4 Verb forms .,.30

Learning point 5 Verb tenses 3'1

Learning point 6 Active & Passive s2

Learning point 7 Subject-verb agreement sg

Learning point 8 Subjunctive 34

UNIT 3 Verbals

Learning point 9 Participles 42

Learning point 10 To-infinitives 48

L e a r n i n g p o i n t 1 1 G e r u n d s 4 4

UNIT4 Conjunctions

Learning point 12 Co-ordinating conjunctions 51

Learning point 13 Correlative conjunctions s2

Learning point 14 Subordinating conjunctions sg

Learning point 16 Prepositions of time 62Learning point 17 Prepositions of place ." 6gLearning point 18 Other prepositions 64UNIT6 Pronouns

Learning point 19 Personal pronouns , ,.72 Learning point 20 Other pronouns/determiners zg

UNIT 7 Relative pronouns/adverbsLearning point 21 Relative pronouns BlLearning point 22 Relative adverbs 82UNITS Comparisons

Learning point 23 Comparison of equality/

Comparative form BB Learning point 24 Superlative form 89

UNIT9 VocabularyLearning point 25 Vocabulary - Verbs , 96Learning point 25 Vocabulary - Nouns 99Learning point2T Vocabulary - Adjectives 102Learning point 28 Vocabulary - Adverbs 1Os

1 The Nova Pharmaceutical Co reported that it has received final

Food and Drug Administration for its new medicine,

{ffi} apprcval {Di approved

{B} cernrpletes {D} ccmpietely

4 Mr Taylor stated that it was a

within one week's time.

{A} nears {C} n*arby

{A} formai {*}form*d

The security guards must endure a period of intense -' learn every aspect of their job as well as possible.

from the U.S.

{ffi} vi*itatian {D} visitcrs

impossible task for him to complete the work

{B} neaning {D) nearly

training so that they can

{ R } f * r m i n g {D}formally

rrriir,'

r r i l l

.::a.:a.:

' : : 1 : : ) : :i,ltl 'l .

2 The driver's license application must be filled out ., or it will be rejected by the

must obtain written permission in advance from the

.:tilli.::,.rll' :a .: .:

,.'.,,ll,l:,1.',.,

rrll: ,1:ll'll'::' ,r.,il]'t L' ' : ' l ' , : : L l

,::'lri l " ,:4.,:.::,r,.

tl.::1.:,,

.::):.':':

,,,i.lii irl ,,, :,.):)r.

Studying Types of Questions

Generally, there are 3 types of questions related to word class in sentence completion questions.

(A) compete (B) competition (C) competitivety (D) competitive

This kind of question mainly focuses on words of the same family: (A) verb, (B) noun, (C) adverb, (D) adjective To choose the correct option, you need to understand the function of each part of speech and look at the position of the missing word in the sentence.

,

WfVpE W"; -:'* "'"*el Word class + understanding the meaning of nouns

(A) interpreter (B) interpret (c) interpreting (D) interpretation

Both (A) interpreter and (D) interpretation are nouns So, if the missing word needs a noun, you have to distinguish between the meanings of these nouns to have the right choice.

{A) signed (B)signing {C)signature (D) to sign

These are the variants of to sign, (A) past form, (B) present participle/gerund, (C) noun, (D) to-infinitive.

lf the missing word needs a verb, you have to understand the structure of the sentence to have the right choice of the verb form.

Answ*r: {A}

TIPS TO CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTIONS IN PARTS 5a5

ffi alan (indefinite articles) is followed by a singular count rour; the @definite article) can be followed

by a count or uncount noun, singular or plural.

an employee (O), an employment (X)

the employee (O), the employment (O)

fr$!&| ttrighl after an article (alanlthe), the missing word js not aiways a noun, but it can be an adjective or a participle modifying the ncun given.

The functions of nouns:

, subject

The analysis of the lab results is accurate.

object ofa verb

He shows resistance to the proposal.

object of a preposition

The document was sent to the attendees.

- complement

The prevention of an illness is our priority.

easier for us

2 The results of recent customer surveys show

a high level of with our food and

services

(A)satisfied(C)satisfactory

(B)satisfying{D) satisfaction

Ansren tC)

O nn attributive adjective comes right before the noun it modifies.

He won an award for his creatlve idea.

@ n predicative adiective comes after the wft in the sentence'tO modff:

the subject

The new public library is spacious.

the object

Audiences found the plot too confusing.

Sl!@ Adjectives are also used after linking verbs such as become, seem, look, etc Furftermore, pay attention t0 thestructure make/find/keep + object + adj This adjective modifies the object

The company returned the * -* parts and

demanded that its money be refunded

2 Those two automobiles are - in price, yet the sedan is a mr.rch more capable vehicle,

(Clcomparison (D) comparabie

(A)defect

{C) defects

(B) defective{D) defectively

Answen {C}

TIPS TO CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTIONS IN PARTS 5&6

Q AOverbs modify verbs or adjectives.

Modifying an adjective

He is largely responsible for the increase in sales.

Modiffing a verb

You should speak clearly when you call.

CM Also pay attention to adverbs at the beginning of a sentence to modiff the whote sentence, like Generatty,subject + verb An adverb can modify a prepositional phrase or another adverb, too.

1, Tiny cracks in the walls can be

-repaired without getting the help of a

professional.

(A) easy

(Q easier

The store opened late today.

The store opened lately.

She studies hard.

Ste hardly studies.

Pbase oome near.

The construction is neady finished.

The bird is flying higrh.

He is highly satisfied with his salary.

(B) easily{D) easiness

Answer: page 211

2 Many employees were - critical of the merger between the Johnson Co and the Raymond Group.

(A) highly (Q height {B) hish (D) heighten

Performance -***-**** are conducted

(A)evaluative

(B)evaluations

(Clevaluated

{D)evaluators

improve morale among the

(A)great

(B)greatness

(C)greatly

iD)greatest

-person who is well known for taking care

at eight o'clock this Saturday

received by workers every year

(A) increase

{B}increases

(C)increasing

{D}increasingly

predict who would win the election.{A)survey

(B)surveys(C)surveying(D)surveyed

demands as being too unreasonable.(A) reportedly

(B)reporting(C) report(D) reports

delayed due to a lack of funds

(A) build(B) builder(C) to build(D)buitding

(A)attract(B) attractive(C) attracted(D)attraction

Many methods of making plastics are not

safe, so their practice is being

(A) environmentally(B) environmental(C) environments{D) environmentalists

1 0

1 6

of dairy products in the tri-state

(A) persuasive

{B) persuasively

(C) persuade

(D) persuasion

because of the higher taxes they are

being forced to pay

(A) reformed

(B) reformer

(C) reforms

(D) reformatory

market share

(A) potent(B) potentiality(C) potentially(D) potential

the company

{A)direct{B)directly{C) directed(D) direction

filmed on the city's streets did not

(A) plan(B)planner(C) planningiD) planned

(A)information(B) informative(C) inform(D) informer

{A) promptly(B) prompt{C) promptness(D)prompts

21. Feel free to contact the - of this

product should you have any problems

The company's headquarters can

be reached by taking a taxi or a

bus from the localtrain station

(A) easy

{B) easily

{C) ease

(D)easiness

Denise Sutton was chosen for the

job mostly on account of her

how to get in touch with her while she is

lf the bricks are not aligned

(A) promotion(B) promotes(Q promoted(D) promoting

The sales staff at the sto're is especially

which helps increase thenumber of repeat customers

(A) friend{B) friendly{C) friends{D) friendship

ensure that seats are available for themusical

(A)reserving{B) reservations(C) reserve(D) reserved

Ms Rhea proved herself to be a

customers

(A) valuably(B)valuable(Clvaluing(D) value

One possible - is that no one was

(A) conclusive(B)conclude(Q conclusion(D)concluding

2€,.

27.

n.

3 1

32.

Most companies downtown have

parking facilities, so they are lobbying the

government to construct a multi-story

Any of our employees who provide

be rewarded with a cash bonus

(A) serve

(B) server

(C) service

(D) serving

Several reviewers of the new novel When

the Crow Caws have called the book's

current subscribers of Wildlife M'agazine

(A) exclusiveness

(B)exclusionary

{C) exclusive

(D) exclusively

to your mailing address within the next

(A) most uqent (B) urgent {C) urgency (D) urgently

Many of Dr Nelson's - techniques have been incorporated into the

company's operating policies.

(A) innovate (B) innovative (C) innovates {D) innovatively

Always present yourself in a manner so as to make the best possible impression.

-CI dignify (B) dignified (C) dignifies (D)dignity

Scholastic Enterprises, Inc ** ** * publishes books written by leading academics in their fields.

(A) more frequent (B)frequency {C)frequent (D) frequently

National Express guar€ntees - of your letters or packages anywhere in the country in twenty-four hours or less (A)deliverable

(B)deliverer (C)deliver (D)delivery

37.

3i|.

39.

40.

The contract is being sent by a courier

and should be aniving

(A)shortly

(B) shortness

(Q shorten

(D) short

cut in line and have requested that they

{A)shopper

(B)shopping

{C)to shop

(D) shoppers

organized an effort to raise money for the

While many deemed it -**-, Derrick

Wilson refused to gle up his dream of

being accepted to the space program

implemented by the department despite

the faat that she no longer works there

-(A) signify.(B) significant(C) significantly(D) significance

This manual should provide beginning

with some advice on how to takeexceptional pictures

(A) photographs(B) photography(C) photographic(D) photographers

Workers in the Accounting Department

company's funds are not wasted

(A) responsibly(B)responsible(C) responsibility(D) responsibilities

and helps prevent dripping

(A)evens(B) evenly(C)evened(D) evenness

It is necessary tor any frctory to producegoods more *-** - in order to turn aprofit

(A) efficiently(B) efficiencies(C)efficient(D) efficiency

5 1 The local art gallery's summer

was the most successful in its

have been sent to all of the individuals

who requested them

(A) Invite

(B) lnviting

(Q Invitation

(D) lnvitations

The police stated that - 200

people were fined for disruptive behavior

at the political rally

(A) approximately

(B) approximate

(C) approximation

(D) approximated

The marketlng team is composed of a

grcup of empfoyees, all of whom

have variotrs stren gths

{A) diverse

{B} diversity

(Q diversely

{D} diversify

in an effort to discover a vaccine

for the exotic disease

(A) collaboration

(B) collaborates

(C) collaboratively

{D) collaborated

approved by the board of direators.(A) recommendation

(B) recommendable(C) recommending{D)recommend

in the airport

(A)readily(B) readiness(C) ready(D) readying

market that are causing manufacturingfirms to worry about the future

(A) alarms(B) alarmed{G} alarmingly{D)alarming

complete

(A) depend(B) dependable(Q dependability(D)depending

Thanks to the sudden change in -,the company's stock has more thandoubled in value

{A) profitability(B) profitable{Q profited(D) to profit57

60.

6 1 One of the most features of

the item is its ability to shut itself off

should its internal computer detect any

The wrecked automobile must be

repair work may begin on it

(A) carefully

(B) careful

(C)care

{D} more carefully

The PTW Corporation believes that client

is the most important part of

able to increase your financial assets in a

short period of time

{A) save

(B) saved

(G) savings

(D) safely

for the actions performed by the

(A) exception(B) exceptional(C) except(D) exceptionally

have found someone else who is evenmore qualified than you a.re

(A) impress(B) impressed{Q impressive(D)impressively

Please submit all project proposals for

no later than the third Monday ofthe month

(4 fund(B) funded(C) fundable(D) funding

It is important that you be thoroughabout your background and -** when filling out your job application.(A) qualified

(B) qualify(G) qualifications{D} qualifies

Members of the Marketing Department

the advertising campaigns areperforming

(A) effect{B) effective(C) effectively(D) effectiveness

7 1 Janet's academic will investigate

Outgoing and -, Susan Heyward

is the obvious choice to lead Ultimate

Fitness, Inc into its second decade as a

According to the most recent estimates,

the proposed - will cost more than

ten million dollars

{A) expands

{B) expansion

{Q expansive

{D) expanded

The journalist -** reported that the

firm was being sold when it was not, in

fact, for sale

(A) mistook

(B) mistake

(Q mistaken

(D) mistakenly

guarantees him a secure income as soon

Upper management believes it is

* -to cut salaries since the company recorded losses during the past three quarters .

{A) necessary {B} necessarily (C) necessitate (D)necessity

All sales must consult with their supervisors prior to attempting to contact new clients.

(A) representational (B) represent

{Q represents (D) representatives

The budget committee needs to come up with a sound plan within the next two weeks.

(A) finance (B) financed ' (C) financial {D).financially

There was a lack of noticeable

as the workers at the conference went about their duties.

(A) enthusiasm (B) enthusiast (Q enthusiastic (D) enthusiastically

Mr Danvers emphasizes that an important of an efficient employee is the ability to use time wisely (A) characteristic

(B) characterize

iQ characterizing (D) characteristically

77

74

1, The package - to the client only minutes after payment was received.

2 Dr Nelson in the operating room for most of the day tomorrow.

3 I believe that John

budget is going to look like.

(B) are (D) will be

the final numbers, so he is aware of what next year's

(B) has seen (D) seeing

(B) had seen (D) saw

(B) be offered (D) to otfer

4 lf we had reserved tickets in advance, w -* - the movie at thelMAJ(

5 The Asante Department Store discount coupons to shoppers who purchase over $100 worth of items on Satuday.

An*vers: 1 {C) 2 tD} 3 {B) 4 (A} 5 (C)

Studying Types of Questions

il wPE 1 , Tense + active/passive verb form

m

{A)are sending (B) have sent (C) will be sent (D) will send

The 4 options here are: (A) present continuous, active, plural verb form; (B) present perfect, active, plural verb form; (C) future, passive verb form; (D) future, active verb form Since there is no singular verb form in all these options, subject-verb agreement does not matter You, therefore, need to consider: first, whether the subject is the doer of the action or not; then, what the appropriate tense is.

ffirfqe Z.t The right verb form

(A) determine (B) determines (C) determining (D) determination

(A) submission (B) submitting {c) submitted {D) submit

These are the variants of a verb root (infinitive, third person singular, past form, present participle, noun).

lf you see that the missing word needs a verb, cross out the noun options; then, look into subject-verb agreement + activer/passive + tense to have the right choice of the verb form.

3 : The passive form

(A) advised iB) advising (C)advisable (D) advisory

The 4 options here are words of the same family: (A) past participle, (B) present participle, (C) adjective, (D) adjective/noun All of these 4 options can come after the verb to be You, firstly, decide if

it is the question focussing on word class lf it is not, you can conclude that it is a question on the passive form.

f r - - e A

(A) arranged (B)would have arranged (C) were arranging (D) had arranged

Options (A) arranged, (C) were arranging, (D) had arranged may initially mislead you into choosing tenses However, if an If / Unte.ss clause exists in the statement, (B) would have arranged is certainly the right choice.

ffirqe

Dp LEARNING KEy potNTS

TIPS TO CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTIONS IN PARTS 5A6

The document disappeared.

She will become a teacher.

He established the company.

She gave me a present.

Everyone calls him Jim.

ffi n bare infinitive comes after a modal verb: witllwoutd/shoutd/must/may/mightlcan/coutd/ought to.

You must submit your report by Thursday.

ffi n bare infinitive comes after p/ease.

-that the company will have to hire 100 new

{A)anticipates

{Cianticipation

(B)anticipating(D)to anticipate

{ts)forwards {D)to forward

Subject + verb

Subject + verb + comptement

Subject+verb+object

Subject + verb + indirect object + direct object

Subjecl + verb + object + objective complement

I am out of the office, but just take messagesfrom everyone else

{A) forward{C)forwardinE

Answer: (C)

TIPS TO CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPT}ONS IN PARTS 546

$ fne simple past tense is used with past time expressions yesterday, ago, lastweek/month/year,

The simple future tense is used with futurc time expressions tomaffow, next weekl month / yean

from now.

Our office moved to a new place one week ago.

The grocery store will be closed tomonow

@ fne present perfect tense is used to express: 1) an action which started in the past and goes on

uptothe present(adverbs used: srnce + a pointof time; forloverlin thelcsf + a period of time);

2) an action which already took place but the definite time is not indicated; 3) an action that has

just happened (adverbs used: /ust, lately, recently).

In the last ten years, the number of university students has risen.

of the renovations on the main office

{A) are disappearing(B) will have disappeared(C) disappear

(D) had disappeared

Answer: {B)

O |f the subject of the sentence is singular, then -s/-es must be added to the verbs in the simpb present tense.

The museum opens at 9 a.m from Monday to Friday.

Q fne following expressions require singular verb forms:

every/each + singular noun + singularverb

Every applicant is required to submit his or her r6sum6.

one of + plural noun + singularverb

One of the applicants has been hircd.

the number of + pturat noun + singularverb

The number of applicants is more than expected.

CIIEE a number of + plural noun * plural verb

e.g, A number of applicants are interviewed.

TIPS TO CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTIONS IN PARTS 5a6

1 Visitors wishing to enter the building

to hand over all of their electronic equipment

for the duration of their stay.

2 Copies of all employee contracts kept in a central database.

* ; -(A) are (C) was

(B) to be(D) being

(A) require (B) requires

Answer: {C)

O fne past subjunctive is used to mention something which is contrary to facb in the present.

- lf + subject + past subjunctive, subject + modat (past) + bare infinitive

lf I finished my work, lwould help you complete the report.

l$ fne perfect subjunctive is used io mention something which is contrary to facts in the past.

- lf + subject + had + past participle (past perfect), subject + modal (past) + have + past participte

lf I had caught the train, I would have attended the meeting.

€[Ud The structure /f + subject + verb, please occurs frequently ln Parts 6 and 7.

TIPS TO CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTIONS ]N PARTS 5&6

most likely

get to and from her office

York for the conference, I would have pickedhim up at the airport

(A) use

(C) would use

(B) used (D) will use

Wk PRoGRESS TEST ;'

{A} r***r*n:*r**ri{l}} r***r"r:nr*n*s{*} r***n:marrlinfr{l}}t* r***m:"nend

{&} rvili *h**$f;:

iil)*h*os*

{D} has *hr:ser:

{Al

{*i *r* r*rnainlngX{C) r*rnain

(lli r*r*ain*

on schedule

then there will be no problems

{A} i* d*liv*re*

{C} is d*liv*rin6{il} d*liv*r*c*

many years already

{A} has w*rlqecl{B} vrinrk*

{ilivrili lvork{ffi} h*d rvnrked

Deoadment

{,&} r*vi*n

{*i n*vi*ing{il} r*vi*i*n

{A} rec*rva*:f*

{fi} ne**ive{il,} r***iv*x

{A}seleet{*) *electing{*}s*1ectecJ

{A} l*ses{ffii is l*st{t}was !*st{D} l*sing

The secretary copy paper and

{A}*rrl*rs{*}*rc}ere*

{il}*rd*r{l}i t* *rel*r

2.

.:lllll

:,?))) :ll!ja:',

::::a::4 ::, .::::.:::

next month, he will meet with several

(A) goes

(B) to go

{C} was going

(D) going

(A)was sending

(B) would send

(C) will be sent

(D)was sent

Sometime during the next week,

program designed to provide some

for its clients

(A) will create

(B) was created

(C) having created

(D) had been created

The applicants -* -* * to visit the

company for a face-to-face interview

(A)require

(B)requires

{C)is requiring

(D)are required

The directors *-***-* the number of

According to the latest government

very well right now

(A)selling{B} sold(Q is selling{D) are sold

the next few days

(A) predicted(B) prediction(C) predictable(D)predictably

Several of the best letters will be

in each monthly issue of the magazine.(A) publish

(B) published(C) publication(D) publishing

After Peter Saks - the Sales

that let sales staff use company cars forpersonal business

{A) joins{B)joined(C) is joining(D) has been joining

Mr Chapman ** * ** employed by

the last 22years

{A) is(B) has(C) has been(D) could be

22.

23.

24.

The department managers are

whether to cut back on operating costs

or to apply for more funding

(A) consider

(B) considers

(C)considering

{D) considered

making the company more profitable.(A)contributed

(B) contributions

(C) contribute

(D)contributor

accepted a lesser amount in return for aguaranteed long-term contract with RTEElectronics

{A) charge

{B) charges

(C) charging

{D) is charging

{B) providing {D) be provided

(B) completing {D) to complete

Studying Types of Questions

{A) known

(A) disappoint

The options in the first question are various forms of a verb whereas those in the second one are different forms of a verb and its noun (drsappointment) Both a past participle and a present participle are given in these two questions lt is very likely that these questions test your ability to identify the correct participle form in the statement lf a main verb does exist in the sentence, you have to consider the right participle form based on the active or passive meaning of the noun it modifies.

{B) knowing (C) knew (D) knows (B)disappointed (C)disappointment (D) disappointing

{A) to improve (B} improved

{A) displayed (B)displaying

(A) to invite {B) invitation

The options in these questions include bare infinitive, toinfinitive, past participle, present perfect, present participle/gerund, third person singular, noun, and adverb lf the missing word reguires a main verb, then to-infinitive, past participle, present participle/gerund, noun, and adverb cannot be the right choice So, omit them right away and think of the rest On the other hand, if a main verb exists, it is very likely that a to-infinitive or a gerund becomes the correct answer Last, see whether to comes before the blank or not

to choose either a to-infinitive or a bare infinitive as the correct option.

(C) has improved (D) improving (C) display (D) displays (C) invitingly iD) invited

>> LEARNING KEY POINTS

Answ*r: {S}

TIPS TO CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTIONS IN PARTS 5a6

ffi fne present participle (V-ing) of a verb is used when the noun before it can perform the action In other words, the noun and the corresponding verb in the statement have an active relation On the contrary, the past participle is used when the noun and the verb have a passive relation.

* pr€s€ht participte The engineer installing the program is Mr Lee.

* past participte The program installed yesterday is very convenient.

He is a new researcher joining our department.

We should keep our customers satisfied.

i Most clients ";*-***-** the visitors' par{<in$'lot are displeased wiftihow far they,haVoito

starting a participial phrase Receiving the order form, we will call you for confirmation.

CsE| When two clauses have the same subject, we ca* combine them into one sentencs by changing the verb in thefirst clause into V-ing For example, with lJpon we receive the orcler fornt, we witl call you for confirmatian, we can reducethe first clause into a participial phrase: Upan receiving the order form, main clause.

your application

{A) revise(Clrevised

iB) interviews

(D)revision

Answer: {A}

TIPS TO CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTIONS IN PARTS 5a6

$ n to-infinitive phrase can function as an adverb, an adjective, or a noun.

I want to reschedule my appointment.

€8GU A to-infinitive phrase functioning as object usually comes after these verbs: want, vrlsft, ptan, need, decide, intend,agree, hope

f) Expressions with a to-infinitive phrase thd frequentfy'occur in the TOEIC tests include:

the mistake that I made on the report

be encoumged to

be required to

be likdy to ask A to

in an effort to

be reluctant to

Answer: page 21 I

a matter of hours, but more of them will be

(A) sell(C)sold

(B) have(D) to sell

Answer: {D}

TIPS TO CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTIONS IN PARTS 5&6

$ n gerund acts as a noun and can be the subject, object, or complement in the statement.

Mr Lee suggested revising the yearly budget.

CilAE A gerund functioning as object often comes after these verbs: sugges t, recommend, consider, discontinue, include,mind, deny, postpone Also, either a gerund or a to-infinitive can come after such verbs as tike,'hate, start, stap, remember,forget, regret, continue, but note that the meaning of the statement will change

Q) expressions with a gerurd that frequently occur in the TOEIC tests ae:

in addition to V-ing

be committed to V-ing

spend time (in) V-ing

Quiz | 1

1 The head engineer recommended

-a new computer chip th -at could store more

information

(A) develop

(C) developing

deopite V-ing

be res,ponsible for V-ing

in the process of V-ing

Answer: page 21 1

is the main focus of his research

(B) developed(D) development

P PROGRESS TEST X

-Miami as a tourist destination

{A} promoting

(B) prornote

(C) promotes

{D) prarnoted

{A}discussi8)discussion{fi} discussing{D} discussed

price

{A) To celebrate{B} In celebration{C} Celebrates{D) Celebration

- as FNN, is the most resPected

{A) knswn{B) knowing{C) knewiD) knows

{A) sell{ B ) w i l l s e l l{C)selling{D) be sold

repod before he went home for the day.{A) type

by rail last quarter was higher than

Powers has made herself a valuable

member of the Accounting Department

(A)joined

(B)to join

(C) has joined

{D) joining

Despite an enormous advertising

{A) has been scheduled

{B) schedules

{C) scheduled

(D)willschedule

president of Western University, has

education of the students his

(A) Confirms (B)Confirmed {C) Confirming (D) Confirmation

Customers are advised to * - to the store immediately if there are any problems with the merchandise they purchased.

(A)return (B) returns {C) returned (D) returning

Because of - rents downtown, more young families are living farther away from the city's center.

(A) rising (B) rose {C)risen (D) rise

Place the documents * * - copied in that file, and I will get to them as soon as

I can.

{A) is (B)was {C)to be (D) has been

The restaurant manager had considered

earlier at night until the number

of patrons dramatically increased all of a sudden.

{A)close (B)would close (C) closing (D)closed

1 You can attend the lecture in the afternoon or at night.

Ferry service starts at six in the morning, it continues until ten at night.

Mr Sanders will arrive early in the morning -" - that he can see as many of the facilities as possible before his plane leaves in the afternoon.

{B) both {D) without

{B) concerning (D) since

(B) nor {D) or

{B) Once {D} Despite

Answers: 1" tcl 2 tB) 3 {A} 4 {D} 5 {B}

Studying Types of Questions

Complex sentences consist of one main clause and one or several subordinate/dependent clauses.

A subordinate or dependent clause depends on a main or independent clause That is, it cannot exist

on its own A subordinating conjunction always comes at the beginning of a subordinate clause lt introduces a subordinate clause, which can be an adverbial clause, an adjective clause or a noun clause However, a subordinate clause can come either after or before a main clause In order to select the right answer in questions related to clauses, you should analyse the structure and understand the meaning of the sentence.

Correlative conj u nctions

(A) either (B) both {C) neither (D) not only

Correlative conjunctions are paired conjunctions that link balanced words, phrases, or clauses The elements connected by correlative conjunctions are usually parallel - that is, similar in leng[h and grammatical form These are the primary correlative conjunctions in English:

t h e m o r e t h e m o r e

You must recognise one element of these paired conjunctions in the statement so as to be able to choose the othbr correctly.

1 Co-ordinating coniunctions

A co-ordinating conjunction joins parts of a sentence (for example, words or independent clauses) that are grammatically equal or similar A co-ordinating conjunction shows that the elements it joins are similar in importance and structure You need to understand the meaning of the statement to choose the right answer.