Business plans handbook

For those looking for examples of how to approach, structure, and compose their own business plans, BPH-5 presents 25 sample plans, including plans for the following businesses: •Climbin

usiness lans

B P Handbook

Business Plans Handbook, Volume 5 (BPH-5) is a collection of actual business plans compiled by entrepreneurs seeking

funding for small businesses throughout North America For those looking for examples of how to approach, structure, and

compose their own business plans, BPH-5 presents 25 sample plans, including plans for the following businesses:

•Climbing Outfitter •Metal Shop

•Computer Reseller •Pasta Franchise

•Detective Agency •Taxi Service

FEATURES AND BENEFITS

BPH-5 offers many features not provided by other business planning references including:

m Twenty-five business plans, with a focus on the uses and effects of the Internet and various online services within thesmall business sector Each of these real business plans represents an owner’s successful attempt at clarifying (forthemselves and others) the reasons that the business should exist or expand and why a lender should fund the enter-prise

m Two fictional plans that are used by business counselors at a prominent small business development organization

as examples for their clients (You will find these in the Business Plan Template Appendix.)

m An expanded directory section that includes: listings for venture capital and finance companies, which specialize infunding start-up and second-stage small business ventures, and a comprehensive listing of Service Corps of RetiredExecutives (SCORE) offices In addition, the Appendix also contains updated listings of all Small Business Develop-ment Centers (SBDCs); associations of interest to entrepreneurs; Small Business Administration (SBA) RegionalOffices; and consultants specializing in small business planning and advice It is strongly advised that you consultsupporting organizations while planning your business, as they can provide a wealth of useful information

m A Small Business Term Glossary to help you decipher the sometimes confusing terminology used by lenders andothers in the financial and small business communities

usiness lans

B P

Handbook

A COMPILATION

OF ACTUALBUSINESS PLANSDEVELOPED BYBUSINESSESTHROUGHOUTNORTHAMERICA

V O L U M E5

Project Manager: William Harmer

Contributing Editors: Eva M Davis and Jennifer Arnold Mast

Assistant Editor: Ellen Sciba

Technical Training Specialist: Gwen Turecki-Luczycka

Managing Editor: Deborah M Burek

Production Director: Mary Beth Trimper Assistant Production Manager: Evi Seoud Production Assistant: Deborah Milliken

Product Design Manager: Cynthia Baldwin

Data Entry Services Manager: Eleanor Allison Senior Data Entry Associate: Beverly Jendrowski Data Entry Associate: Timothy Alexander

While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, Gale Research does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein Gale accepts no payment

for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, database product, publication,

or individual does not imply endorsement by the editor or publisher.

Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.

This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by

misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws The authors and editors

of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information.

All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.

Copyright © 1998 Gale Research

Address until September 15, 1998:

Barr Detective Agency 123

Fire Equipment Retailer

Gallagher's Fire Service 137

Franchise Postal Service

Express Postal Center 145

Freight Expediting

Gazelle Expediting Inc 163

Gift Store

Crystal Creek Gifts 171

Internet Bid Clearinghouse

Powerline of Northern Minnesota 275

Parts Manufacturer Zemens Metal Corporation 281

Party Supply Store Celebrations 297

Pasta Franchise Pasta Express 313

Restaurant Kelly House Inn 327

Rock Island Tavern 339

Restaurant/Microbrewery Homesteaders' Pub & Grub 359

Taxi Service Lakeview Taxi 381

Appendixes Appendix A - Business Plan Template 395

Fictional Plan 1 - Food Distributor 401

Fictional Plan 2 - Hardware Store 405

Appendix B - Organizations, Agencies, & Consultants 417

Associations 419

Consultants 420

SBA Regional Offices 434

Small Business Development Centers 435

Service Corps of Retired Executives Offices 488

Venture Capital & Finance Companies 516

Appendix C - Glossary of Small Business Terms 571

Appendix D - Bibliography 597

Perhaps the most important aspect of business planning is simply doing it More and more business owners are

begin-ning to compile business plans even if they don't need a bank loan Others discover the value of planbegin-ning when they

must provide a business plan for the bank The sheer act of putting thoughts on paper seems to clarify priorities and

provide focus Sometimes business owners completely change strategies when compiling their plan, deciding on adifferent product mix or advertising scheme after finding that their assumptions were incorrect This kind of healthy

thinking and re-thinking via business planning is becoming the norm The editors of Business Plans Handbook, Volume

5 (BPH-5) sincerely hope that this latest addition to the series is a helpful tool in the successful completion of your

business plan, no matter what the reason for creating it

This fifth volume, like each volume in the series, offers genuine business plans used by real people BPH-5 provides 25

business plans used by actual entrepreneurs to gain funding support for their new businesses The business and personalnames and addresses and general locations have been changed to protect the privacy of the plan authors

NEW BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES

As in other volumes in the series, BPH-5 finds entrepreneurs engaged in a wide variety of creative endeavors For

instance, business plans that discuss capitalizing on new trends include those for a rock climbing equipment outfitter

that takes advantage of nearby climbing terrain; an upscale bread-only bakery; a cigar, coffee and wine emporium,

which is one entrepreneur's effort to ride the crest of more than one trend; and an Internet Cafe, providing both Internetaccess and the coffee that Internet savvy customers seem to enjoy Another Internet-related business is discussed in the

OpExNeT business plan This is an example of a revolutionary approach to bidding and contracting that takes

advan-tage of Internet technololgy The franchise business plans included in this volume will offer an excellent introduction

to this alternative way of starting a business Franchises highlighted in BPH-5 include a take-out fresh pasta restaurant,

a postal services center, and an office furniture retailer Popular and traditional businesses are featured in BPH-5 as well.

Among them are a taxi service seeking to make inroads in an underserviced area, a detective agency seeking start-upfunding, a gift shop exploiting the lucrative summer tourist trade, a retailer of party supplies and accessories, and a gagand costume store located in a prominent downtown area The omnipresent nature of computers gives rise to numerousbusinesses related to them Also included in this volume are two very different business plans for computer resellers thatprovide hardware, software, and support

Comprehensive financial documentation has become increasingly important as today's entrepreneurs compete for thefinite resources of business lenders Our plans illustrate the financial data generally required of loan applicants, includ-ing Income Statements, Financial Projections, Cash Flows, and Balance Sheets

ENHANCED APPENDIXES

In an effort to provide the most relevant and valuable information for our readers, we have updated the coverage ofsmall business resources For instance, you will find: a directory section, which includes listings of all of the ServiceCorps of Retired Executives (SCORE) offices; an informative glossary, which includes small business terms; and abibliography, which includes reference titles essential to starting and operating a business venture in all 50 states Inaddition we have updated the list of Small Business Development Centers (SBDCs); Small Business Administration

If you already have the first four volumes of BPH, with this fifth volume, you will now have a collection of 131 real

business plans (not including the one updated plan in the second volume, whose original appeared in the first, or thetwo fictional plans in the Business Plan Template Appendix section of the second, third, fourth, and fifth volumes);contact information for hundreds of organizations and agencies offering business expertise; a helpful business plantemplate; a foreword providing advice and instruction to entrepreneurs on how to begin their research; more than 1,500citations to valuable small business development material; and a comprehensive glossary of terms to help the businessplanner navigate the sometimes confusing language of entrepreneurship

Thanks are also in order for the many contributors to BPH-5, whose business plans will serve as examples to future

generations of entrepreneurs, as well as the users of the title who called with their helpful suggestions Your help wasgreatly appreciated

COMMENTS WELCOME

Your comments on BPH-5 are appreciated Please direct all correspondence, suggestions for future volumes of BPH, and

other recommendations to the following:

Business Plans Handbook, Volume 5

(Address until September 15, 1998)Gale Research

835 Penobscot Bldg

645 Griswold St

Detroit MI 48226-4094(Address after September 15, 1998)Gale Research

27500 Drake Rd

Farmington, MI 48331-3535

This business plan is an example of a niche food service operation that capitalizes on the ever- growing popularity of bagels The store offers affordable and fresh products attempting to cater

to those who wish to eat in a more healthful way It also hopes to ride the crest of another very complementary trend: gourmet coffee consumption.

BUSINESS PLAN USA BAGELS

• USA BAGELS COMPARISON

• LOAN SUMMARY STATEMENT

• BREAKDOWN OF COSTS

• MANAGEMENT

• CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

BUSINESS PLAN

We believe that the metropolitan area is a great place to develop our bagel shops For one, thereare no other bagel-specific shops in the area The closest one competition wise, would beBlackwells Bagel in Westland, and the Bagel Bakery potentially in Livonia The lack of bagelshops in the metropolitan area definitely presents a need for our business In our area specifically,the only competition would be that of the donut-type or the bakery-type morning-orientedbusiness We believe that the bagel business is different and specific enough to meet the needs

of a different calling, specifically the call to eating healthier Fresh baked bagels will be servedall day We will keep well stocked so as not to run out of customers favorite varieties Bagels are

a healthy alternative to the morning donut or pastry

Our business fits well demographically, as 40% of the households fall into the $50,000.00 plusper year income level The area also contains over 250,000 people residing in a 5-mile radius fromwhich draw business

The bagel shop consumer comes from all income levels of the market Bagels are a relativelyinexpensive luxury, costing as little or less than a donut or muffin Almost anyone could afford

a stop at our shop from time to time Ninety-four percent of the metropolitan area are Caucasian,another strong demographic indicator of consumers that frequent our type of establishment This

is not to say that people of other ethnic backgrounds don’t consume our product or wouldn’t bewelcome in our establishment, this is just a demographic indicator

People are eating with a more health conscious emphasis Not only will we be able to meet theneeds of the “breakfast on the go” individual, we will also be able to meet the needs of the personlooking for a quick lunch, who would rather have a healthy alternative to the fattening fast food.Our store will be equipped with a drive-thru for quick pick-up of a deli-bagel sandwich made from

a wide selection of deli meats or vegetarian toppings

Concept:

Concept: From-scratch bagel baker and gourmet coffee house under one roof.

Direction:

Direction: Developed and operated by people who have been franchisees and understand the

need for teamwork and support

Market Approach:

Market Approach: Repeat sales of

Bagels by the dozenCream cheese by the poundGourmet coffee and espresso beverages by the drinkWhole bean coffee by the pound

Fresh baked treats

Products:

MARKET

ANALYSIS

KEY POINTS

satellites can be serviced by a single production store Wholesale opportunities: hospitals,

schools, corporate and special events Dual-Branding, Mountain Coffee, Jonesy’s Bakery

Items and USA Bagels

USA relies on the production and bulk sales of their top of the line bagel recipe, along with

their homemade cream cheeses, deli meats, and delicious Mountain coffee to position

themselves in one of the fastest growing industries in the country

Between 1984 and 1993, yearly bagel consumption has grown an incredible 169%.Bagel sales

exceed 2.5 billion dollars yearly, and are growing 20% annually

The specialty or gourmet coffee segment in this country is now earning 7 billion dollars

annually While many may participate in this market, no single franchise organization

dominates the market place We would definitely like to be part of this growing industry

Although USA franchises are located throughout the U.S and up into Canada, the number of

actual stores is not great (approximately 135) However, USA is still in its early stages of

franchising and in approximately four years has established 135 privately held franchised

stores

Name recognition is growing daily There are currently USA franchises in Redford, Bloomfield

Hills, and Troy Troy and Milford territories have just been assigned, and with our development

of the metropolitan area puts the last piece of the puzzle into place for USA to be recognized

as a leading force in the bagel business in the metropolitan area

Great potential exists, not only in retail sales, but also in corporate/delivery orders, and event

delivery sales The key factor will be getting the in-store sales generated through advertising

exposure, and then approximately 3-6 months later, venture into outside sales

With the expansion into outside sales, comes greater community awareness We feel this will

in turn increase in-store sales via wider awareness of our operations, our great product and

service

Eventually we will expanding into a three-store operation This business plan deals

specifi-cally with our first operation We’ll deal more with the expansion once our first operation is

running sound

For our initial store we will approximately 2200 sq Ft of operating space The actual site has

not yet been selected, however we are working with Jack Reaves, of Coleman Realty, to find

a location and expedite the process We will need a location that offers ample parking, easy

in and out access for the morning and afternoon rush times, and high visibility from the road

Already up and running In speaking with Bagel Bakery & Blackwells’ management, businessseems steady Blackwells use a different method of production Their bagels are boiled, baked,and then steamed.

Their bagel baking proceess tends to make their bagels hard and crusty Their shelf life is veryshort, as they start out with a partially hardened product We have tried their bagels and they donot compare to the quality of bagel we will produce They don’t use the amount of fresh ingredients

we do, and they can’t Often their product is not made fresh in the store, rather, it is shipped frozen

We offer a difference! Bagels made fresh every day Cream cheeses made fresh everyday All madefrom fresh ingredients everyday Our bagels are not boiled, so they don’t end up hard and crusty

A softer bagel makes a tastier & pleasing product

In the purchase of the USA franchise, we are seeking a small business loan from the SBA, due tothe fact that their rates tend to be a little better The loan would be in the amount of $200,000.00.This would be for the purchase or lease of equipment, inventory, the leasehold improvements of

a current lease site, cash reserves for three months, and enough working capital to successfullylaunch a production/retail delivery operation This loan together with an equity investment of

$40,000.00 and $45,000.00 in personal mutual funds as collateral, would be sufficient to financethe business so it can operate as a viable/profitable enterprise

Prepaid ExpensesFranchise Fee $30,000.00Grand Opening Fee 2,500.00

Other Expenses

Leasehold Improvements 75,000.00Furniture/Fixtures 90,000.00Open Inventory 6,000.00First Months Rent + deposit 7,500.00Yellow Pages Ad 1,200.00

Beecham has been a Director of USA Bagels since January of 1993 He was President of USA

and its affiliates from the date of their inception until February of 1996, at which time he became

a Consultant to USA and its affiliates Mr Beecham opened the first USA Bagels store in

Boston, MA in 1986 Since 1986 he has been the President of USA Bagels, Inc., which currently

operates 3 stores in the western suburbs of Boston, pursuant to a license agreement with USA

Evan Smith - President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

Mr Smith has been Chief Executive Officer and Director of USA In February of 1996 he became

President of USA and its affiliates From December of 1986 to December 1993, he was Chief

Executive of Boston Personnel Services of Boston, MA

Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6

Other Operating Expenses

Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 2 Year 1 Total

BUSINESS PLAN

Awareness of high quality baked goods is on the rise Good bread is a rare combination of nutrition,convenience, and luxury Today’s consumer has less time to create wholesome, handmade bread,but increasingly appreciates the nutritional and sensory benefits it provides Good bread providesfiber and carbohydrates in a convenient, low fat form that is portable and delicious Good breadnever goes out of style

Breadcrafter will produce and sell high quality, handmade breads to the residents and tourists ofPort Hanover and Freeman County The Company will focus on European Style; naturallyleavened breads and baguettes made with high quality ingredients Breads will be baked and sold

at a storefront facility using a 4 deck, steam injected bread oven Labor saving devices will allowthe proprietor to run the entire operation with the help of two part time, seasonal employees.Breadcrafter’s main competition includes a health food store, three pastry shops and threesupermarkets in the Port Hanover area Its advantage lies in the high quality of its products due

to specialization and artisan manufacturing The main marketing focus will be an eye catchingsign, the scent of fresh bread wafting out of the storefront, and periodic printed advertisements.The company will sample its products liberally

After establishing the operation, the company will explore the possibility of making takeoutsandwiches Delivering wholesale bread and baked goods to area restaurants and specialtyretailerswill also be considered

The company is being founded by Kevin Richards, an artisan baker currently baking breads andpastries for Toothsome Foods Company in Port Hanover, Michigan Kevin has spent the last twoyears building the TFC program from the ground up His wife Renee Richars is also a bread baker,having baked for one year at the Grainery Food Co-op, Breadcrafter’s chief competitor Togetherthey bring a wealth of practical experience and a realistic market sense to the company.Breadcrafter is currently seeking $70,000 in loans to get the business underway Major costsinclude equipment purchases, shop rent, ingredient purchases, site modifications, and marketing,which total $61,000 Projected sales for the first three months, based on market and competitionstudies, will total $41,087 Total operating expenses and cost of sales will leave an average profit

of $4,740 per month

Opening day is scheduled for July 1st, 1996 While Breadcrafter has the potential for high growth,the first three years will be spent establishing company financial stability and increasing marketshare

Breadcrafter will be created to serve the Port Hanover community by exploiting the need for agood bread bakery It will offer a variety of high quality, European and American style artisanbreads, baked fresh in its storefront bakery

The company’s immediate goals are to achieve start up by July 1st, 1996, in time to capitalize

on the lucrative summer tourist season It will start with the proprietor, Kevin Richards, as baker

EXECUTIVE

SUMMARY

THE COMPANY

Kevin Richards, the proprietor and baker, is the creator of Breadcrafter For four years, he has

been employed at Toothsome Foods Company, a specialty foods manufacturer in Port

Hanover, Michigan His experience as a Production Supervisor and as a Research &

Develop-ment Cook bring a sense of production realities and technical savvy to the company As the

driving force behind TFC’s current Handmade Bread program, Kevin has two years practical

experience with sourdough breads He holds a BA in English Literature from the University

of Michigan

Renee Richards, Kevin’s wife, also has bread baking experience She baked bread at the

Grainery Food Co-op in Port Hanover, Michigan for one year, and she contributes a keen sense

of the bread market She also contributes retail sales experience accrued through several retail

jobs around Port Hanover

The company is in the process of securing $70,000 in start up financing

Breadcrafter’s breads will stand out from the competition due to their uniqueness and

outstanding quality Most of the breads are European in style, including Sourdough, Miche

(a traditional French whole wheat bread), and Sourdough Rye These breads are made by the

sourdough method which uses no added yeast This method imparts a rich flavor, which can

be tangy or mild, as well as a toothsome inner crumb and a crackly crust By using this method,

a skilled baker can create truly delicious breads without added fats or sugars, making many

of Breadcrafter’s products 100% fat free Sourdough breads also have an extended shelf life,

remaining fresh for days without the use of preservatives Breadcrafter will also offer specialty

breads, which will be made in the sourdough way with the addition of such luxurious

ingredients as Parmagian cheese with fresh ground pepper and dried Michigan cherries with

roasted pecans Spent Grain Bread, made with barley leftover from beer brewing, is another

unique product that Breadcrafter will offer Two varieties of French style baguettes will be

offered fresh daily, a high demand product that is available nowhere else in the area

Breadcrafter will also produce White and Wheat Sandwich Breads with soft crust and a tender

crumb for traditional American Style sandwiches As the needs of the customer change, so will

the lineup of Breadcrafter’s products The bakery equipment is chosen with versatility in mind

After establishing the business, Breadcrafter will research the possibility of producing

sandwiches to increase revenues This investment would require approximately $1500.00 for

the purchase of equipment and ingredients The company will also pursue wholesale contracts

Toothsome Foods Company has indicated interest in a contract to produce two Christmas

products on a per loaf basis, Cherry Chocolate Fruitcake and Midwest Christmas Stollen These

products can help generate revenues in the slower Autumn months The proprietor will also

consider producing some of Toothsome Foods’ current lineup of Handmade Breads on a

wholesale basis

PRODUCTS

to the extended shelf life of sourdough breads, product can be sold for two days before staling.Each bake day the baker will bake breads in a deck oven The oven provides intense, even heatand a controllable amount of steam injection, allowing tremendous control of crust crispness.Everything from soft white sandwich breads to thick crusted, dense savory breads to sweet bakedgoods can be perfectly baked in this oven While breads are baking, the baker will begin mixingthe long fermenting doughs to be baked off the next day Labor saving equipment including adough divider and a bread moulder makes this possible Hot breads will begin coming out oftheoven by 7:00 AM, and all baking will be finished by 10:00 AM.

The storefront will open at 9:00 AM and close at 6:00 PM Monday through Friday Saturday hourswill be 9:00 AM to 4:00 PM for sales only Part time employees will work the counter and assistwith store maintenance during peak hours while the baker is baking A beverage cooler and coffeemachine will encourage convenience sales at the register

Breadcrafter will economize on bookkeeping costs by handling its payroll duties in house Yearend bookkeeping will be handled by a professional accountant

The specialty bread market is about to experience enormous growth Throughout the countrysmall bakeries are appearing at an increasing rate Chain stores, such as Great Harvest BreadCompany, are experiencing tremendous growth by capitalizing on the wholesome appeal of freshbaked loaves According to the Bread Baker’s Guild of America, a trade organization, membershipincreased 40% between 1994 and 1995 As people become more aware of its healthy nutritionalprofile, good bread becomes even more attractive

There is currently only one source for artisan breads in Port Hanover, Toothsome Foods Company,where the proprietor learned to bake Market tests performed in the summer of 1995 by ToothsomeFoods Company showed strong demand for the product, no price resistance and the need for a morefrequent and visible presence As a pilot program with no promotion in the summer of 1995,Toothsome Foods Company was able to sell all available loaves (20 30 per bake, two bakes perweek) all summer long Even without the benefit of window signage or a consistent deliveryschedule, Kevin Richards and TFC have developed a loyal following of regular buyers thatcontinues to grow

The Millwright Bakery in Maple, MI., a similar operation to Breadcrafter, currently bakes

200-700 loaves a day for wholesale in the Connor City Area This bakery has been open sinceNovember 1995 and has not yet experienced a summer tourist influx It has stopped taking onnew accounts for fear of exceeding its production capacity during that season Millwright findsthe Port Hanover area very attractive, but delivery from Maple is impractical This summer seasonwill bring Millwright a large influx of cash, and they will almost certainly consider establishing

a bakery in Port Hanover if none yet exists

Breadcrafter will set up its storefront bakery in the Green Lake Shopping Center The center isconveniently located on one of the busiest arteries to and from Port Hanover It has plenty ofparking and is easily accessible from the road The shopping center currently contains asuccessful, higher end grocery store, a successful liquor convenience store, and a donut bakerythat also sells country clutter handicrafts The shopping center is currently a destination for peopleseeking gourmet foods These people will appreciate Breadcrafter’s products There is very little

MARKET

Pricing of artisan type breads around Port Hanover currently ranges from $2.50 per loaf

(GraineryWhole Wheat) to $5.95 per loaf (Toothsome Foods Pesto Bread) Breadcrafter’s

products will range in price from $2.25 (Sourdough Baguette) to $4.95 (Pepper Parmesan Loaf)

Grainery Food Co-op

Breadcrafter’s primary competitor The Grainery currently has a customer base that regularly

buys whole grain breads These customers are interested in healthy foods, and they will

appreciate the attractive nutritional profile of our products Due to undercapitalization, the

Grainery will have trouble responding to the quality advantage our equipment and methods

provides Many potential customers are reluctant to patronize the Grainery, perceiving its

patrons and employees as “too liberal” True or not, these customers may feel more comfortable

at Breadcrafter Renee Richards, the proprietor’s wife, was formerly a Grainery bread baker She

knows their business well

Helmut’s Pastry Shop

An established bakery specializing in pastries and doughnuts They have a capable facility

Due to heavy investment in pastry equipment and relatively small bread sales, they are unlikely

to react strongly to our presence

Twin’s Bakery

Very similar to Helmut’s

The Coffee Mug

Specializing in donuts, pastries, and country clutter handicrafts They sell some lower quality

breads Major risk is their location, right next door to Breadcrafter’s prospective site This risk

could also be an asset, bringing bakery customers in search of better bread to Breadcrafter

Fred’s Markets

Large supermarket with in store bakery Fred’s offers nonscratch, relatively low quality breads

and pastries at very low prices Their largest advantage, other than price, is the convenience

of one stop shopping There is some possibility of future wholesale distribution of our products

Daley’s Supermarkets

Very similar to Fred’s

Taylor’s

Similar to Fred’s and Daley’s, but smaller Higher possibility of future wholesale distribution

Toothsome Foods Company

Downtown specialty foods retailer Current employer of Breadcrafter’s proprietor TFC has a

COMPETITION

Shopping Center, located on the busy stretch of M-17 between Port Hanover and CrescentHeights, Michigan A large, tasteful, storefront sign will catch the attention of passing motorists.The smell of bread as it comes from the oven will bring customers in from the parking lot.Breadcrafter will offer a sample of fresh baked bread to anyone who comes into the store.Breadcrafter’s products will be truly unique in the marketplace The look, feel and taste of itsbreads, when compared with the competition, will underscore their quality and value Many ofthe products, such as Pepper Parmesan Bread and Sourdough Baguettes, will not be availableanywhere else Breadcrafter will also actively encourage customer satisfaction Our product linewill react to the needs and desires of the customer, thereby encouraging repeat and word of mouthsales As a small hands on facility Breadcrafter will have the freedom to react quickly andaccurately to changes in the market Due to its uniqueness and convenient location, Breadcrafterwill become a destination for food lovers.

Printed advertisements, which will run opening week, will highlight bread as an everydayproduct, to be purchased fresh on a weekly or daily basis More printed advertisements will runLabor Day weekend and during the Christmas season Costs for these advertisements will beapproximately $200 each

The major risk to any Port Hanover area retail operation is the seasonality of the customer base.Breadcrafter will address this problem by opening at the height of the lucrative summer season.This will give the company a good supply of working capital to help with the startup period Thecompany will market itself primarily to the year round population Contract products preparedfor Toothsome Foods Company will bring in cash during the slow fall season Unless strongdemand shows a need, labor will be eliminated in the slower seasons and advertising will beminimal Depending on available cash after Christmas, Breadcrafter will contemplate adding asandwich bar to serve local shoppers and employees

Breadcrafter will budget $9,800 in cash reserves as a cushion to help weather the startup period

(Personal Income Statement removed for privacy.)

Total Start Up Costs $70,000

The compnay is in the process of securing financing for startup The proprietor currently has

RISKS

FINANCES

Start Up Costs

Two part time employees will be hired to start working on opening day They will be retained

until Labor Day weekend unless strong sales show a further need for them In the fall, winter

and spring, the proprietor and his wife will be the only staff required Employees will be paid

$5.50 per hour, and will work a combined total of 30 hours per week Wage expenditures will

be $707.00 a month with additional payroll taxes running $71.00, for a total expenditure

of$778.00

The Green Lake storefront currently under consideration rents for $1050 a month

Heat and Electric bills for Jordan Galleria, a downtown storefront of approximately the same

dimensions required by Breadcrafter, pays $225.00 at the height of the winter heat season

Taking into account walk in and reach in cooler use, a figure of $350.00 is a reasonable

estimated monthly average

The bread oven will be run four hours per day on busy bake days Conversations with other

bakery owners have indicated that a 4 deck oven consumes $4 of gas per hour, for a total of

$343.00 per month at maximum capacity

A total figure of $725.00 per month is a reasonable estimated monthly average

Breadcrafter will run an advertisement in the Port Hanover News Review during opening week

Another advertisement will run Labor Day weekend Total advertisement expenditures will

run $200 per month The News Review is known to do spotlight stories on new Port Hanover

businesses and Breadcrafter will take advantage of this publicity

Advertising expenditures will be kept to a minimum in the fall, winter and spring The company

will rely on community service functions, liberal sampling, and word of mouth to reach new

customers

The estimated maintenance cost for the first month is $500.00 From there it gradually

diminishes to $200 a month for the remainder of the year After the first of the year maintenance

estimates are reduced to $100 a month

OPERATING COSTS Payroll

Rent

Utilities

Advertising

Repair and Maintenance

for plastic Bag material, which affects the quality of the crust in storage, will be chosen by thecustomer These prices have been included in the cost of sale of each loaf Cleaning andmaintenance supplies will total no more than $50 per month Breadcrafter has budgeted $125 permonth as a conservative figure.

Professional fees after startup will be kept to a minimum The proprietor will perform all thenecessary filing and bookkeeping chores required except year end tax filing and calculation ofdepreciation The company has budgeted $325 in January and

$325 in March to cover these needs

Breadcrafter has budgeted $120 per month to cover miscellaneous expenses

Proposed Equipment Requirements

Quantity Price Each Total

Requirements

Gold & White Flour $0.40 14.17 lb $5.67 30.15%

Whole Wheat Flour $0.46 14.17 lb $6.52 30.15%

July Retail Raw m t w th f-sat Revenue Cost

September Retail Raw m t w th f-sat Revenue Cost

continued

BUSINESS PLAN

Car

T/A EAST CHINA AUTO WASH

100 Elizabeth Road Trenton, NJ 19030

J&J Ventures, Inc seeks financing to build and operate a state-of-the-art car wash in a small, but growing, community outlying several urban areas

as well as a major metropolitan area The car wash

is expected to attract the increasing local population

in addition to commuter traffic The company plans

to offer self serve car washing and an automatic wash facility, plus numerous additional products and services, such as vending machines and carpet shampooing.

• EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• NATURE OF VENTURE

• MARKET DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS

• DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

• BUILDING AND EQUIPMENT

• MANAGEMENT TEAM AND OWNERSHIP

• BUSINESS STRATEGIES

• FINANCIAL DATA

BUSINESS PLAN

Company Company: J&J Ventures, Inc., T/A East China Auto Wash

100 Elizabeth RoadTrenton, NJ 19030Tel: (610) 698-4000Fax: (610) 698-4001

Contacts

Larry Jones, Co-Owner

Business Type Business Type: Self Serve Car Wash Company Summary

Company Summary: J&J Ventures, Inc (J&J) was formed to own and operate a self service car

wash consisting of five self service bays and one automatic bay The business will be located onKing Road in East China Township, Delaware County, NJ Delaware County is the tenth-largestcounty in the state and East China Township is the fastest growing township in the county J&Jwill develop a well equipped, attractive, low maintenance, customer friendly car wash facility.The car wash will service the local community in an effort to develop a loyal base of repeatcustomers as well as draw new customers from the surrounding communities and attract the area’sgrowing local and commuter traffic

Management

Scott Jones, Co-Owner

Scott Jones will be responsible for operational and financial management, sales, marketing andpromotion Mr Jones has been a corporate lender for Citicorp serving as Vice President in themiddle market lending area for the past 11 years He brings extensive knowledge and experience

in the field of banking, finance, sales and marketing Mr Jones graduated from New YorkUniversity in 1983 with a B.S in Business Administration—Marketing In May, 1994, he received

a Masters of Business Administration—Finance from Georgetown University

Larry Jones, Co-Owner

Larry Jones will be responsible for mechanical and electrical operations and materials ment After receiving his B.S in Mechanical Engineering from Boston University, Mr Jonesaccepted a position as Project Manager for Blackwell and Meldrum, Inc., a premier nationalengineering and construction firm Mr Jones later formed Jones Works, Inc., a commercial/industrial electrical construction firm, which grew to $1.2 million in sales with a workforce of 17employees Mr Jones later joined Stelton, Inc as a Project Manager Mr Jones was projectmanager for the $20 million electrical construction project at the New Jersey Convention Center.More recently he has been assigned as project manager of the $15 million electrical constructionproject at the new Civic Arena As a result, Mr Jones brings extensive knowledge and experience

procure-in the areas of project/program management, electrical and mechanical engprocure-ineerprocure-ing and tion, contract administration, materials procurement and labor management

construc-Market Market: The company’s target market will consist primarily of local residential customers.

Research indicates that 90% of self serve business comes from a three-mile radius The population

of East China Township is approximately 4,791 (estimated 1995) and has grown 92% since 1990,making it Delaware County’s fastest growing township The population demographics consist

of a mix of newer single-family homes and townhouse developments, older residential areas,scattered mobile home parks and apartment dwellings

J&J will also target local businesses and will attract customers from surrounding communities and

EXECUTIVE

SUMMARY

Product and Services

Product and Services: The company will provide state-of-the-art, reliable, customer friendly

products and services, including a seven-selection wash control station in each self service bay,

seven vacuums, two fragrance machines and several accessory product and food/drink vending

machines For the customers’ convenience, the automatic bay will provide a complete, detailed

wash and wax

Competition

Competition: J&J’s competition within a ten-mile radius consists primarily of several local,

established, self serve washes The Simcoe Car Wash is located within the town of Simcoe on

Wainledge Rd., south approximately 2.5 miles from the J&J location The Downtown Tillion

Car Wash is located in the town of Tillion on Wainledge Rd., north approximately 8 miles from

the J&J location Both competitors maintain only four-bay self service washes with no

automatic tunnel The Simcoe facility is a well-maintained corrugated steel structure, but has

no front access and is on a small lot with only two vacuums The Downtown Tillion wash is

well maintained and has good front access, but has limited vending facilities and only three

vacuums

Uniqueness

Uniqueness: Several factors will make the J&J car wash unique The company will offer a

modern, easily accessible, high quality car wash facility featuring a variety of income

producing services, including vacuums, fragrance machines, carpet shampooers and vending

machines Management will actively promote the company’s service through local

advertise-ments, cross-couponing with local merchants, direct mail promotions and promotional

giveaways (coffee mugs, key chains, golf balls, etc.)

Project Cost

Project Cost: The total project cost is estimated to be $460M A breakdown of these costs is

as follows:

Lot Purchase Price (including permits) $110M

Building and Turnkey Equipment System 300M

Site Work and Paving 50M

Funds Sought

Funds Sought: J&J is seeking to finance $332M, or 70% of the $46OM proposed project cost,

through a local financial institution The company will seek to obtain either conventional

mortgage/equipment financing or an SBA guaranteed mortgage loan at a fixed rate amortizing

over 15 to 20 years, and a fixed rate equipment loan amortizing over five to seven years The

remaining balance of the required funds will be provided through a $60M seller note and from

J&J’s equity contribution of approximately $78M for project costs and $73M for start-up costs

and working capital

Use of Proceeds

Use of Proceeds: The company intends to use the proceeds of the bank loans to finance building

construction, equipment purchases and installation and site development costs

Summary of Financial

The self serve car wash industry is an established industry although it continues to grow withinthe Northeast at a rate of 5-8% annually Engineering and design improvements have contributed

to the industry’s growth and have enhanced profit potential

J&J will develop an attractive, low maintenance, fully equipped and customer friendly car washdesigned to draw a wide customer base The car wash will feature state-of-the-art equipmentdesigned for quality, reliability and easy usage Each self service bay will contain an eight-selection wash control system featuring wheel and tire shampoos, pre-soap wash, foam brush, spot-free rinse, wax and final rinse, with an LED money and time countdown display and a last minutehorn-alert function Face plate instructions and function descriptions will make the systemcustomer friendly Each short barrel trigger gun will provide a high pressure wash, enablingcustomers to get to hard-to-reach places easily and quickly Conveniently located within eachself serve bay will be a soft, but durable, foaming brush for quick, easy and thorough cleaning.Surrounding the wash bay area will be seven coin operated, high powered vacuums withconveniently located floor mat hangers In addition, there will be a centrally located carpetshampoo machine, two fragrance machines and bill changers, along with a vending area that willfeature accessory items such as drying towels, tire cleaner and food and drink items

East China Auto Wash will be located on King Road in the borough of Simcoe, East ChinaTownship, Delaware County, NJ The site is approximately two miles west of the town of Simcoe(Wainledge Rd.) and five miles east of the town of Bedford (Bella Rd.) The City of Trenton isapproximately 10 miles from the site

The site is zoned for commercial development and has been approved by the East China PlanningCommission for the development of a self serve car wash The subject property is adjoined byseven additional land parcels that are zoned for commercial development This includes aproposed convenience store and 40-unit storage facility scheduled to open in Spring, 1996 Theremaining lots are expected to be developed within the next year and include a small retailshopping area

According to East China Township authorities, the surrounding area is expected to continue togrow in conjunction with the construction of a 100-unit apartment complex within a quarter-mile

of the site, as well as additional townhouse, single-family and semi-detached housing ments

develop-According to the New Jersey Department of Transportation, a 1995 traffic survey for King Road,Wainledge Rd and Bella Rd determined the average daily traffic counts to be as follows:

King Road

Eastbound = 9,673 vehiclesWestbound = 8,533 vehicles

Bella Rd and King Road

Eastbound = 8,321 vehiclesWestbound = 6,500 vehicles

Wainledge Rd and King Road

J&J will target the local residents and businesses of East China and Plymouth Townships in

order to develop a loyal base of repeat customers as well as draw new customers from the

surrounding communities In addition, the company will seek to attract the area’s growing

commuter traffic

J&J’s target market will consist of local residential customers, local businesses and commuter

traffic Research indicates that up to 90% of self serve business comes from within a three-mile

radius Consequently, the company will focus on attracting and developing a loyal customer

base from the surrounding community The business will be situated on the main thoroughfare

between Simcoe and Bedford and intersects both Wainledge Rd to the east and Bella Rd to

the west J&J expects to capture commuter traffic traveling to Camden, Passaic and Trenton

Delaware County is an urban county of 343,130 persons (estimate 1992) situated in western

New Jersey The county seat, the City of Trenton, is near Philadelphia and is one of the leading

industrial and trade complexes in the nation

Delaware County is one of the leading agricultural counties within the state, with

approxi-mately 50 percent of its land area devoted to agricultural uses Delaware is also an important

industrial area, with emphasis in the production of textiles, metals and food products The City

of Trenton is the county’s most populous municipality and its center of industry and commerce

East China Township is located approximately 10 miles northeast of Trenton, and Plymouth

Township is several miles closer East China is Delaware County’s fastest growing township,

growing by 41.0% from 1990 to 1995 The township consists of 13.2 square miles of land with

a population of 4,791 (1995 estimate) of which 59.1% of the population is between the ages

of 18 and 59 Approximately 93.8% are married couples with a median household income of

$39,550 Approximately 82.1% of housing units in the township are owner-occupied

Plymouth Township consists of 8.6 square miles of land and borders East China Township to

the south The 1995 population is estimated at 1,370, of which 61.4% of the population is

between the ages of 18 and 59 Approximately 87.4% are married couples with a median

household income of $35,670 Approximately 68.6% of housing units within the township

are owner-occupied

A change in economic conditions can influence the area demographics and consumer

spending habits The region continues to expand modestly due to increased capital

invest-ment, productivity gains and low labor costs resulting in a relatively low inflation rate of 2.3%

This low inflation rate and interest rate environment has spurred the region’s manufacturing,

finance, insurance, real estate and service industries The health of the local economy is

important since many of the local East China and Plymouth Township residents commute to

work in Trenton, Passaic and Camden

J&J’s principal competition will come from two local, self serve washes within a ten-mile

MARKET DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS

Market Trends

Demographic and Economic Trends

Current Competitors

The East China Auto Wash will be unlike any of its surrounding competitors due to several factors.The company will offer a modern, easily accessible, high quality car wash system featuring avariety of convenient, income producing services, such as vacuums, fragrance machines, carpetshampooer and vending machines J&J will have a modern and professional look and will feature

an automatic bay, which will provide a complete, detailed wash and wax

Management will actively promote the company’s services through local advertisements, crosscouponing with local merchants, direct mail promotions and through promotional giveaways

J&J’s principal competitive advantages will stem from its ability to offer a modern, professionalcar wash utilizing a state-of-the-art, self serve car washing system, including a convenientautomatic wash Moreover, J&J will utilize cost effective and targeted advertising and promotion

to become the preferred car wash in the area

The building will consist of five self service bays, one automatic bay, an equipment room andoffice/storage area containing approximately 4,025 square feet The building will be constructed

of 8" concrete block, except exterior walls, which will be split face block and brick veneer atop

a 5" concrete floor and concrete foundation All interior walls in the bays and equipment roomare to be covered with “Kalite white textured fiberglass paneling 090” in thickness The roof willconsist of 2 x 4 pre-engineered steel beams with a pre-finished ribbed metal roof

Vacuums will be mounted on 30" x 4" concrete pads, each containing a 10' light pole and 4'fluorescent fixture

A breakdown of equipment needs is as follows:

1 5-bay High Pressure system, 5 HP, 3 phase motors and starters, dual belt drive, “CAT”

310 ceramic plunger pumps, 100 VA rated 24 volt transformers, solid state timers,trigger controls w/US paraplate unloader/regulator valves, glycerin filled pressuregauges, Master menu sign package plus 4 additional signs per bay, booms withrebuildable swivels Deluxe System includes stainless steel equipment chassis,stainless steel tanks w/lids, hour meters and function indicator lights, momentarypush button test features, hot/cold rinse selector switch, coin boxes w/8 positionrotary switch, meter heater, countdown timers with last coin alert, Slugbuster II coinand token accepter and 1 D-5 vault per bay with medico locks, all stainless steelwand holders and one pair mat hangers per bay

1 5-bay Low Pressure, all stainless steel Foaming Brush and antifreeze Combination

Super System, with stainless steel 180 degree booms

1 5-bay Low Pressure, all stainless steel Foaming White Wall Cleaning System

1 5-bay Low Pressure all stainless steel Presoak System

1 5-bay RayPak Floor Heat System, -10 degree, with 403,000 BTU gas fired heater,

manifolds, manifold boxes, tubing, fittings & wire ties, plus engineering layout.Includes installation of tubing to Customers prepared slab (Does not include

2 IVS stainless steel mirror finish, solid state 2" Gemini Air Vac with lighted dome,

installed

2 Hamilton Model RNS rear load $1.00, $5.00, $10.00 and $20.00 Bill Changer

w/bill stacker

6 Stainless steel drop shelf vendors, adjustable $.25 to $1.00

1 Air Compressor, 5 HP, 80 gallon tank, stationary with starter, 2 stage, 3 phase,

galvanized tank

1 Hako “Flipper” lot sweeper

1 Fragrance Scent dispenser w/H bracket

1 Valley Sales 9F1248T Twin Water Softener (Based on 10 GPG hardness.)

1 Pro Syncro Model 1500 Spot Free Rinse System with 1000 gallon underground

poly tank & Repressurization System

12 United containers 10 gallon trash receptacles w/liners

1 Ambi-Rad s.s infrared heater for automatic bay

1 Panther 2 Automatic Rollover Wash System with 2 LAMMSCLOTH Flex

Wrap-A-Rounds and 42 curtain strips, consisting of:

Red/Green light entry/exit system

Pre-soak air hose activation system

Free standing bi-directional pre-soak application arch

Machine treadle activation system

Dual overhead, oscillating, LAMMSCLOTH top mitten

LAMMSCLOTH flex-a-round front, side and rear cleaning system

Free standing final rinse application arch

Umbilical boom and supply lines

Motor control stations and central computer (UL approved)

Forward and reverse jog switch

29-foot travel track system with rolling curb rail system

Polished aluminum framework

Panther protective covering

1 “Clear Fold” air operated plastic strip door for automatic bay

1 “Air Lift” air operated solid panel door for automatic bay

1 Continental Water Reclaim Unit Model MRS 15/30

1 Hamilton ACW-4 Auto Cashier for automatic bay

J&J’s management team will consist of Scott Jones and Larry Jones, who together will be

co-owners maintaining a majority co-ownership interest in the company Scott and Larry are highly

focused, hard working, energetic and broadly experienced individuals whose combined

talents provide a strong and qualified management team Scott Jones provides the needed

experience in the areas of business administration, finance, sales and marketing His extensive

business background and academic credentials compliment the strengths and talents of Larry

MANAGEMENT TEAM AND OWNERSHIP

contains several integral supporting strategies, including product/service, promotional/sales andpricing.

J&J’s product/service strategy will be to provide state-of-the-art, reliable, high quality andcustomer friendly products and services Each self service bay will feature an eight-selection washcontrol system with an LED money and time countdown display and a last minute horn-alertfunction Face plate instructions and function descriptions will make the system customerfriendly Surrounding the wash bay area will be eight conveniently located, high poweredvacuums and one carpet shampooer In addition, there will be two centrally located fragrancemachines and bill changers, along with a vending area that will feature accessory items, such asdrying towels, tire cleaners and food/drink items The vacuums, carpet shampooer and accessoryitems will be in constant demand and provide a strong source of additional income

J&J will utilize multiple, constant, but limited advertising and promotional sources Thesesources will be selected to maximize the return on allocated advertising/promotional dollars Thelocal community residents and businesses will be attracted through the Yellow Pages, localnewspaper advertisements, flyers, coupons and periodic direct mail programs J&J will highlightits modern and professional facilities and specific products and services, such as its automatic bay,carpet shampooer and car accessory items

J&J will offer certain promotional giveaway items, such as car window shades, key chains,calendars and coffee mugs, which will all include the distinctive East China logo In addition,special offers will include free vacuuming and carpet shampooing on certain weekdays.The company will also join certain industry associations, such as the International CarwashAssociation (ICA) and the local chamber of commerce These associations provide valuablebusiness tips, allow the business owner to develop industry contacts and build communityrelations

J&J will utilize a combination of competitor based and prestige pricing This will ensure pricing

is in line with local competitors for products and services where little value can be added, such

as in the case of vending machine products However, prestige pricing will be employed in areassuch as the automatic bay and self serve bays, where J&J can offer higher quality, reliability andconvenience The company’s strategy will be to position itself among the leading competitorsand compete on quality, reliability, convenience, customer service and, lastly, on price Bydeveloping a high quality image and reputation J&J can maintain premium pricing and stillbecome the preferred car wash in the area

The average customer is expected to spend between $1.75 and $5.00 per visit The industrystandard for a four-minute self serve wash is between $1.50 to $2.00 per cycle, and for an automaticwash, $5.00 to $5.50 per cycle The industry average for vacuums is $0.75 to $1.00 per four-minutecycle J&J will charge $1.75 per cycle for self serve, $5.00 per automatic wash and $1.00 per cyclefor vacuum

J&J will be owned and operated by Scott and Larry Jones, who will retain financial and managerialcontrol The principals will together own 100% of the company’s capital stock

J&J will seek to finance $322M of the total project cost of $460M through a local financialinstitution The company will seek to obtain either conventional mortgage/equipment financing

or an SBA guaranteed mortgage loan at a fixed rate amortizing over 15 to 20 years, and a fixedrate equipment loan amortizing over five to seven years The remaining balance of the requiredfunding will be provided through a $60M seller note to be repaid over 15 years, bearing interest

and Supporting

Strategies

Financial Strategy

J&J expects to realize strong consistent sales and earnings growth in year one, which will

increase significantly by year five This growth will be principally attributable to the increase

in local population as a result of continued expansion of residential housing developments

and from the establishment of local businesses within the immediate area A 100-unit

residential apartment complex, as well as a new office building complex, is planned to be

constructed along King Road J&J expects the other surrounding land parcels will be sold for

commercial development, including a storage facility and possibly a convenience store by

Spring, 1996 The company expects to develop additional loyal customers through execution

of its advertising/promotional programs In addition, J&J expects to grow sales as a result of

the area’s growing commuter traffic Sales will also be favorably impacted from the sale of

high-margin accessory products and services Through the five-year period, management will

effectively control purchases and overhead to maximize operating efficiency and

profitabil-ity In addition, operating expenditures will be carefully managed to ensure incremental

revenue growth, resulting in increased bottom-line profitability

For the purposes of this projection it is assumed the company began operations on 12/31/95

A brief analysis of the 1995 financial statement is as follows:

1995 Income Statement

Sales

Since 12/31/95 is assumed to be the company’s start date, no sales were recorded in 1995

Operating Expenses

Includes primarily start-up expenditures consisting of EDU fees, utility connection/permit

expenses, legal costs, bank loan costs and initial advertising/promotional expenses

This will include real estate and equipment Real estate will be depreciated over 20 years and

equipment over seven years, assuming straight line depreciation

Long-Term Debt

This represents the long-term portion of an original $195M bank mortgage loan at 10% fixed

Overall Growth Strategy

FINANCIAL DATA Financial Statements

Initial Expenditures

EDU Fees24,000Utility Connection Fees/Permits 5,000

Prepaid Real Estate Taxes 5,000

Advertising and Promotion 2,000

Real Estate and Equipment