B2B integration a practical guide to collaborative e comerce

Collaborative e-commerce, which is the wave of the future, requires dynamic creation of trading relationships with new partners, public and private business process automation and increa

B2B Integration

A Practical Guide to

Collaborative E-commerce

Marcus Healey & Shyam Samtani

Imperial College Press

57 Shelton Street

Covent Garden

London WC2H 9HE

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World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd

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USA office: Suite 202, 1060 Main Street, River Edge, NJ 07661

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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

B2B INTEGRATON: A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO COLLABORATIVE E-COMMERCE

Copyright © 2002 by Imperial College Press

All rights reserved This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher

For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher

ISBN 1-86094-323-3

ISBN 1-86094-326-8 (pbk)

This book is printed on acid-free paper

Printed in Singapore by U t o P r i n t

I would like to dedicate my work to my parents — Dr Shyam Samtani and Kaushlya Samtani, my parents-in-law — the late Ashok Sadhwani and Neeta Sadhwani and my loving wife Dimple Thank you for your prayers, encouragement, love and care, I could not have made it without you all It is great to know I am where I belong

The journey from mental conception to ultimate execution in black and white is arduous, hurdled with various set backs At such moments, one's kith and kin inspire and encourage; colleagues cooperate and sometimes collaborate; friends motivate and lend helping hands I am indeed fortunate enough to have such a galaxy of well wishers to whom

I owe my gratitude

I express my sincere thanks to Mrs Dimple Samtani, my spouse, who ran errands for me, gathering material, formatting the chapters, designing the graphics and showing remarkable patience while I was busy authoring the book

I owe my gratitude to my parents Dr Shyam Samtani and Mrs Kaushi Samtani, who came all the way from India to help and inspire me when

I worked both ends of the clock My dad, who is himself a professor of English Literature and has worked as an editor and author of several publications, was of immense help in language editing of the book

I thank Dr Marcus Healey for his seasoned suggestions, experienced contribution and guidance that have gone into the shaping of this book

I thank Mr Evan Schwartzman and Mr Kenneth Tamburello, my dear colleagues, with whom I frequently discussed the lay out, contents

of and approach to the book They were ready with ideas and insightful comments when I was sometimes low

I can hardly overemphasize the role of Mr Aran Sharma, Mr Abhay Singh and Mr Soumya Mawane whose invaluable graphics and images substantiate the points made by me in the book I owe my thanks to all

of them for their time and efforts

I am indebted to Ms Geetha Nair of Imperial College Press and

Mr Loo King Boon of World Scientific for publishing this book Without their cooperation the book could not have gone to print and thereby to the readers

vu

Gunjan Samtani is Divisional Vice President, Information Technology

at UBS PaineWebber, one of the world's leading financial services firms Prior to joining UBS PaineWebber, Gunjan was Associate Director, Global Information Technology, Bear Stearns and Company, the 4th largest U.S brokerage and financial firm with more than $30 billion in assets In this capacity, he was responsible in pioneering, managing and directing several critical, multi-million dollar business applications Prior

to Bear Stearns, Gunjan worked as a Senior Business Analyst with Amdahl (a Fujitsu Company), one of the largest companies of the world specializing in integrated computing solutions At Amdahl, Gunjan was responsible for managing the design and delivery of multiple projects for financial industry Before joining Amdahl, Gunjan was working as Senior Systems Analyst and Webmaster at New Jersey Technical Assistance Program Gunjan has also worked as an interim CIO of India's first online investment portal EquityMaster.com and Personalfn.com

Gunjan brings together a very strong technical and business experience

in various industries He has several years of experience in the agement, design, architecture, and implementation of large-scale EAI and B2B integration projects Gunjan has an M.S in Computer Science, M.S

man-in Management Information Systems and M.S man-in Computational Fman-inance from Carnegie Melon University (on-going) He has been involved in business and technical writing for several years and is the author of more than 100 articles and research publications in the field of finance and technology He has also presented papers and given guest lectures

at several national and international conferences His email address is

gsamtani@ubspw.com

Changing Business Landscape

In the present day digital economy, business values and competitive advantages lie beyond the boundaries of the enterprise, focusing on the relationships with business partners The changing business landscape not only affects how enterprises conduct business with their suppliers, customers, distributors and other trading partners, but also how they must manage their businesses internally

Collaborative e-commerce, which is the wave of the future, requires dynamic creation of trading relationships with new partners, public and private business process automation and increased adaptability and flexibility delivered by open architecture based integration middleware

In order to truly automate external trading partner interactions, the back-end internal business systems of the enterprises need to be seamlessly integrated into the same process

Transforming an organization to compete in this environment dates enterprise application integration (EAI) and business-to-business integration (B2Bi) They are the pervasive enablers of most current business strategies, such as collaborative e-commerce, collaborative networks, supply chain management (SCM) and customer relationship management (CRM) across multiple channels of delivery, including wireless devices and the Internet

man-B2Bi strategy should be laid out and executed in such a way so as to: have an integrated, real-time application-to-application, system-to-system interaction with all the existing and new trading partners; eliminate all manual steps in business processes; conduct secure and real-time commerce transactions over the Internet; have the flexibility

to accommodate the different mode of interactions of each partner; and, finally, have the ability to adapt to change — quickly and easily in this

dynamic age of B2B collaborative e-commerce This is what B2Bi is all about — the end-to-end automation and integration of cross-organization business processes, data, applications and systems

Description of the Book

B2B Integration (B2Bi) provides a comprehensive guide to the key

elements of successful B2B integration and collaborative e-commerce

by highlighting business needs, technologies and development strategies

It clarifies and demystifies the intricate dependencies among all the components of B2Bi, including integration patterns, enterprise application integration (EAI), business process management (BPM), internet security, extensible markup language (XML), XML standards, Web services, middleware technologies and integration brokers The book includes future technologies that will have a significant impact on B2Bi archi-tectures, such as intelligent software agents, wireless technologies and peer-to-peer (P2P) computing Furthermore, it includes in-depth dis-cussion of B2Bi-enabled applications such as supply chain management, e-procurement, e-marketplaces and collaborative networks Finally, the book provides a suitable framework for the design, development and implementation of B2B integration, along with several real world case studies This framework is based on the latest XML standards defined

in the B2B domain, such as RosettaNet, ebXML and Web services, to support cross-organization business processes, data, applications and systems

In crux, the book provides practical guidelines to companies so as to rapidly implement a successful B2Bi strategy and prepare them for the next wave of B2B integration and collaborative e-commerce

Why This Book?

There are several books on the shelves, which cover just one or the other aspect of B2Bi But I dare say there are none that discuss all the technical and business components, tools and frameworks of B2Bi and illustrate how to conceptualize and implement a successful B2B integration solution, all in one single binding

In this book, I ventured to take a unique and systematic approach of combining the technical and business aspects of all the components of B2B integration I have endeavored to show where and how the individual components link with one another and in the whole chain of B2Bi The book covers a mix of business management and technology trend issues, presented with examples, general conclusions and recom-mendations The book discusses how companies can speak the same language when doing business with companies spread around the globe

It presents business integration models, which would enable companies

to integrate their enterprise systems with digital markets and strategic business partners It also prompts one to "imagine the future" through

an in-depth analysis of possible scenarios for future business-to-business integration models

Who Should Read This Book?

This book will be useful for business executives, MBA students, IT managers and programmers looking for a clear, detailed explanation of the whole landscape of B2B integration, insightful review of the current technologies being used in B2Bi and knowledge of the future trends in B2Bi domain It will be equally appealing to the senior management in the industrial-age companies, Internet services companies and entrepren-eurs who are heading for B2Bi, which is still largely undefined and cryptic This book will be useful to CIOs and decision-makers keen to improve productivity using B2Bi, while building upon prior investments, and prepare them for the next wave of collaborative e-commerce

In short, this book is useful to everyone who is seeking a clear understanding of how to leverage the convergence of IT with business processes to attain the much sought-after strategic advantage, greater revenue, greater profit and more-competitive market positioning

How is This Book Organized?

This book is modeled on an architectural design, laying the foundation first and then building the structure with distinct elevation features

The organization of chapters is as follows:

Chapter 1 — Introduction

This chapter introduces the subject of B2Bi and collaborative e-commerce, providing a roadmap for a successful B2Bi implementation It covers the key features required in a B2Bi solution and its return on investment (ROI)

Chapter 2 — Components, Benefits, Challenges and Applications of B2B Integration

This chapter provides an overview of all the major components of B2Bi It discusses the benefits enterprises would reap and the obstacles they may be confronted with during the process of implementation of B2Bi Furthermore, it introduces some of the most important B2Bi-enabled applications to the readers

Chapter 3 — Integration Patterns

This chapter explains the different types of B2B integration patterns: data oriented integration (data replication; extract, load and transform solution; data warehousing; and data federations), portal oriented integration, direct application integration (API, RPC processes) and business process oriented integration (closed and open processes) It discusses the right B2Bi implementation pattern for individual companies

Chapter 4 — Enterprise Application Integration (EAI)

This chapter describes the integration of internal systems, such as legacy applications, CRM, SCM and ERP, which constitute the backbone

of B2Bi implementation It also provides an introduction of the leading commercial EAI brokers and convergence and divergence of EAI and B2BL

Chapter 5 — Business Process Management (BPM)

This chapter discusses the fundamentals of business process management (BPM) as they relate to B2Bi It provides an in-depth discussion on process modeling, workflows, workflow management and leading BPM software solutions

Chapter 6 — Extensible Markup Language (XML)

This chapter provides an introduction to extensible markup language (XML) and its components It also discusses the traditional mode of communication electronic data interchange (EDI), its coexistence with XML and features of XML/EDI servers

Chapter 7 — XML Standards For E-business

This chapter is devoted to the description of different XML standards that enable XML-based, cross-organization business process integration

It covers RosettaNet, ebXML, cXML, SOAP and BizTalk with elaborate examples

Chapter 8 — Middleware Technologies

This chapter reveals all the major middleware technologies, using which B2Bi solutions are implemented It specifically discusses TP monitors, message oriented middleware (JMS, MQSeries) and distributed objects and components (J2EE, COM+, CORBA)

Chapter 9 — Integration Brokers

This chapter explains all the components, architectures and services of integration brokers It also introduces all the major commercial integration brokers enabling B2Bi from BEA Systems, IBM, Vitria and webMethods

Chapter 10 — Internet Security

This chapter dwells upon the security aspects of B2Bi It explains the different types of security solutions for B2B transactions over the Internet, along with real world case studies

Chapter 11 — Web Services

This chapter brings in the latest concept in the B2B world — Web services It explains the subject with supporting technologies — UDDI, WSDL, WSFL and SOA with adequate examples

Chapter 12 — Wireless Technologies

This chapter focuses on the explosive growth of wireless technologies for B2B e-commerce and its impact on B2Bi architectures It also details technologies such as WAP, WML and WMLScript, along with explanations of security aspects involved in mobile systems

Chapter 13 — Software Agents

This chapter describes the fundamentals of software agents and how they automate the manual processes that are involved today in B2B e-commerce

Chapter 14 — Supply Chain Management (SCM)

This chapter deals with the fundamentals of supply chain management (SCM), e-procurement, e-logistics, SCM systems and how SCM enables collaborative e-commerce

Chapter 15 — E-marketplaces and

Collaborative Networks

This chapter brings under focal analysis the different types of B2B e-marketplaces along with services offered by them It discusses the integration challenges that crop up while participating in e-marketplaces

It also introduces the need, concepts and examples of collaborative networks

Chapter 16 — B2B to P2P Evolution

This chapter deals with the evolution of peer-to-peer-based applications and architectures that would play a prominent role for B2Bi in the future

Features of the Book

Some of the key features of the book include:

Key concepts

Each chapter begins with a discussion of the key concepts related to the subject under study Readers will find this very useful as it introduces the ensuing chapters

Discussion of leading software solutions

The book provides in-depth coverage of the latest commercial softwares available in the market This will acquaint readers with the developments

in the software industry as far as B2B integration solutions are concerned

It will also be extremely helpful to the decision-makers to have a review of various solutions for B2Bi out there

Case studies

There are several real world case studies cited in each chapter They have been chosen very carefully to illustrate practical usage of the concepts under focus

Graphics/Images

The book contains a lot of relevant images, which provide a pictorial view of the text concerned Readers will find the images very illustrative and useful in grasping the theory presented therein

Acronyms

The book contains acronyms of technical and business terms that are relevant to the subject of B2B integration

References/Bibliography

The book acknowledges various sources used by giving references and

a bibliography This will help readers to plumb the originals if they so desire

Editors and Contributors

I consider myself extremely fortunate in having got the invaluable support and able guidance of several persons from different walks of life They are distinguished professionals who have carved a niche for themselves in their respective fields Undoubtedly, their contribution has embellished this book It is my privilege to give hereunder a pen portrait of these contributors

Dr Marcus Healey

Dr Marcus J Healey is the Strategy Consultant for InfoFirst Inc., USA Before joining InfoFirst, Dr Healey was the Director of Engineering Implementation at Mobilocity, Inc., U.S., a thought leader in wireless services Prior to Mobilocity, Dr Healey was a Project Engineer at Organic, Inc., a prominent web integrator in New York City While at Organic, Marcus managed client projects from an implementation perspective and acted as a technical liaison to the Strategic Services and Business Development groups Prior to Organic, Dr Healey was a Program Director and Adjunct Professor at the New lersey Institute

of Technology where he pioneered the Envirolnformatics program as the Director of the New Jersey Program for Information Ecology and Sustainability

Dr Healey has six years of direct IT experience, possesses multiple

MS degrees in science and engineering, an MBA and a Ph.D He brings

a diverse technical and business background, broad public and private

sector experience and extensive editing skills He is the primary author

of one book in Environmental Science (Pollution Prevention Opportunity

Assessments, John Wiley & Sons © 1998) and one of four co-authors

on a soon to be published book (Information Mining on the World Wide

Web, Kluwer Publishers © 2001) Dr Healey is the author of over fifty

publications and presentations in the fields of Environmental Science and Information Technology

Dr Shyam Samtani

Dr Shyam Samtani is presently Head of the Department, P.G Department

of English, Indore Christian College, Indore (India) He is also on the visiting faculty of Devi Ahilaya University, Indore He has been in the teaching profession for the last 35 years During this period he has supervised scores of dissertations both at M.A and M.Phil levels He has presented papers at various national seminars and also published many research papers and supervised Ph.D candidates He has co-authored books for use by university students He has also been a Resource Person for the Refreshers/Orientation courses conducted by different universities Dr Shyam Samtani has done the language editing

of this book

Pawan Samtani

Pawan Samtani has over eleven years of IT, MIS and Finance experience

He has extensive experience in different industries like E-commerce Consulting, Oil and Gas, Manufacturing and Finance He is currently working as Country Operations Manager, India, with Oracle Corporation, overlooking the implementation of various multi-million dollar projects Prior to joining Oracle, Pawan was the Senior Vice President with Petrogas LLC where he was overseeing the implementations of Ariba e-Marketplace and Oracle Financials in several offices of the company all around the world His responsibilities include project management, strategic planning and supervising finance operations

Prior to Petrogas, he was working as a Senior Consultant with Whittman Hart, U.S., supervising several SAP implementations world over He has worked with Premira Fashions Limited, Onida Finance

Limited, Analysis Finance Limited and M Mehta & Company, Chartered Accountants, in various capacities

He has extensive experience with the re-engineering of business practices for various departments He also specializes in implementing and customizing ERP packages to integrate with the business process, workflow and existing IT applications of the company He possesses in-depth knowledge of data modeling and database schema designing, supply chain management, logistics systems and their integration with e-commerce He has worked with reputed concerns in different parts of the world (United States of America, India and The Middle East) with different business practices and cultures

He is an Associate Member of Chartered Accountants of India He also has an MBA from Baruch College, New York, U.S

Kenneth Tamburello

Ken Tamburello is a Senior Consultant Specialist at Bluesphere (an EDS company), U.S., the industry's largest interactive integrator and e-business consulting firm Ken is the e.Design and e.Marketing delivery manager for the New York Metro region, responsible for delivering solutions in the areas of Enterprise Application Integration (EAI), workflow automation, security and enterprise portals

Prior to Bluesphere, Ken was an Associate Director at Bear Stearns

& Co., NY, where he was responsible for the delivery, support and enhancement of a mission-critical, multi-million dollar Web-based account portfolio database system Prior to Bear Stearns, Ken was a freelance consultant designing and developing client-server solutions

Ken has over 6 years IT experience, having worked in the past with PowerBuilder, Sybase, Oracle, UNIX, Java, UML and database design and modeling He received his MS in Engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology, U.S., and his BS in Engineering from Rutgers University, U.S

Dr Bajaj has fifteen years of combined experience in contracting, consulting and academia Dr Bajaj has a PhD in the area of strategic risk management and the topic of 'The Development of a Risk Averse Business Strategy in the Procurement of Constructed Facilities' and a Masters in Construction Management He brings a diverse technical, research and business background He has published extensively in the area of project risk management and has been author and co-author of book chapters in the past He has been editor of the AIQS Refereed Journal and referee to a number of journals in the area of project management and economics Dr Bajaj is the author of over forty publications and presentations in the field of project management, risk management and information technology in the construction industry

Dimple Sadhwani

Dimple Sadhwani is Senior Software Engineer at Island ECN based in New Work, USA Prior to joining Island, Dimple worked as a Senior E-commerce Consultant with BusinessEdge Solutions, a next-generation consulting firm providing industry-specific e-business solutions She was

a project manager for several eCRM, B2B integration and EAI projects Prior to that she worked with Citicorp Information Technology Industries Ltd (CITIL), based in New Jersey, USA, and Bombay, India She has a Bachelors in Computer Science from VJTI, Bombay She has worked

on and evaluated the latest tools and solutions in the B2B, EAI and Internet security fields

Not the Final Word

Justice can hardly be done to such an elaborate subject with all its dimensions and ramifications, on an intensive or extensive scale, in a book of this length It would require more than one volume to cover the subject exhaustively The endeavor is to acquaint the readers with the concepts in a nutshell in one place without having to wander about to different sources for various topics related to B2Bi

I wish I could promise you a book perfect in every way There are bound to be some errors, omissions and typographical errors I am open

to corrections and modifications I shall appreciate critical opinions and objective suggestions from the esteemed knowledgeable readers, which would shed light my future undertakings The suggestions can be sent

to me via e-mail at:

Dedications v Acknowledgements vii

About the Author ix

Preface xi Part I The Big Picture 1

Chapter 1 Introduction 3

1.1 Evolution of Next Generation Enterprises 4 1.2 New Rules of Engagement 4 1.3 B2B E-Commerce 5 1.3.1 What is B2B e-commerce? 5

1.3.2 B2B vs B2C: Differing strategies 6 1.3.3 Explosive growth in B2B

e-commerce 6 1.3.4 What is collaborative e-commerce? 8

1.4 B2B Integration (B2Bi) 9 1.4.1 Integration: The top priority 10

1.4.2 A daunting effort 12 1.4.3 Getting beyond the starting line 13

1.4.4 Selecting the right B2Bi solution 17 1.5 What is the Return on Investment (ROI) on

B2Bi? 20 1.6 Conclusion 23

Chapter 2 Components, Benefits, Challenges and

Applications of B2B Integration 24

2.1 The Word is Out 25 2.2 B2Bi Components 25

Business Process Management (BPM)

Extensible Markup Language (XML)

XML standards for e-business Web services

Middleware technologies Integration brokers Internet security Wireless technologies Software agents Benefits of B2B Integration 2.3.1

Streamline business operations XML-based integration

Increased customer service and retention

Opportunity to re-architect internal systems

B2Bi Challenges 2.4.1

Data security Transaction integrity Internal business process management

Inter-enterprise business process integration

2.4.9 Standards and industry issues 40 2.4.10 Distributed control 40 2.4.11 Performance and scalability 40

2.4.12 Expensive 41 2.4.13 24/7 availability of the system 41

2.5 B2Bi-Enabled Applications 41 2.5.1 Supply Chain Management (SCM) 41

2.5.2 E-marketplaces and collaborative networks 42 2.6 Conclusion 43

Part II Established Integration Components 45

Chapter 3 Integration Patterns 47

3.1 Types of Integration 48 3.2 Data Oriented B2B Integration 49

3.2.1 Data replication 50 3.2.2 Extract, Transform and Load

(ETL) solution 54 3.2.3 Data warehouses and data marts 59

3.2.4 Multi-database server 60 3.2.5 XML and databases 65 3.2.6 Data oriented integration and B2Bi 67

3.3 Portal Oriented Integration 68 3.3.1 Types of portals 69 3.3.2 Components of a portal server

platform 70 3.3.3 Portal oriented integration and

B2Bi 74 3.4 Application Oriented Integration 74

3.4.1 Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) 75 3.4.2 Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs) 82

3.4.3 Application oriented integration and B2Bi 88 3.5 Business Process Integration (BPI) 89

3.5.1 Business process integration patterns 89

3.5.2 Business process integration and B2Bi 91 3.6 Which Approach to Use for Your B2Bi

Implementation? 93 3.6.1 Agreement among the trading

partners 93 3.6.2 Your integration goals 93

3.7 Conclusion 95

Chapter 4 Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) 96

4.1 Today's Enterprise 97 4.2 What is EAI? 97 4.3 Where Did Things Go Wrong? 98

4.4 Benefits of EAI 100 4.4.1 A word of caution 101

4.5 Types of EAI 102 4.5.1 User interface integration

(Refacing) 102 4.5.2 Data integration 103 4.5.3 Function or method integration 103

4.5.4 Business process integration 104 4.6 Types of Enterprise Systems 105 4.6.1 Legacy systems 105 4.6.2 Client/server systems 106 4.6.3 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) 106

4.6.4 Customer Relationship Management (CRM) 111 4.6.5 eCRM 113 4.6.6 CRM and EAI 115

4.6.7 Supply Chain Management (SCM) 115 4.7 Leading EAI Solutions 115 4.7.1 BEA eLink 115 4.7.2 TIBCO ActiveEnterprise 116

4.7.3 IBM — WebSphere MQ integrator 118 4.8 Convergence of EAI and B2Bi 121 4.9 Divergence of EAI and B2Bi 122 4.10 Conclusion 123

Chapter 5 Business Process Management (BPM) 125

5.1 Existence of 'Organization Silos' 126 5.2 Fundamentals of BPM 126 5.2.1 Business processes 126 5.2.2 Participants 130 5.2.3 Activities 130 5.2.4 Business transactions 130

5.2.5 What is BPM? 132 5.2.6 Workflow 133 5.2.7 Roadmap to BPM 134

5.3 BPM Systems 139 5.3.1 BEA WebLogic integration 142

5.3.2 Vitria BusinessWare 143 5.3.3 Extricity B2B Alliance Manager 144

5.4 Universal Language for BPM 147 5.4.1 Business Process Management

Initiative (BPMI) 148 5.4.2 XLANG 149 5.5 Standard Business Processes 149

5.6 Conclusion 150

Chapter 6 Extensible Markup Language (XML) 152

6.1 The Need for a Universal Language 153 6.2 What is Electronic Data Interchange

(EDI)? 154 6.2.1 How does it work? 154

6.2.2 Limitations of traditional EDI 155 6.3 What's Wrong with the First Language of

the Internet — HTML? 157 6.4 XML: The Universal Language of Data

Interchange 158 6.4.1 The power to know 159

6.4.2 What is XML? 160 6.4.3 XML: A derivative of SGML 161

6.4.4 Sample XML files 161 6.4.5 XML strengths 163 6.4.6 XML limitations 166

6.4.7 XML namespaces 167 6.4.8 Brief introduction to the

components of XML 168 6.4.9 Advantages of XML over

traditional EDI 174 6.5 XSL — Extensible Stylesheet Language 175

6.6 Coexistence of XML and EDI 178 6.6.1 EDI is here to stay 178 6.6.2 EDI based on XML 179 6.6.3 Characteristics of XML/EDI 180

6.6.4 Benefits of XML/EDI over traditional batch EDI 181 6.6.5 Key features of XML/EDI server 182

6.7 Conclusion 186

Chapter 7 XML Standards for E-business 187

7.1 Standards Imperative for B2B Application Integration 188 7.2 RosettaNet's Solution 189

7.2.1 What is RosettaNet? 189 7.2.2 Components of RosettaNet's

e-business solution 190 7.2.3 Benefits of using RosettaNet

solution 196 7.2.4 RosettaNet embraced by software

vendors 197 7.2.5 What's the ROI (Return on

Investment) in implementing RosettaNet solution? 198 7.3 FpML — Financial Products Markup

Language 200 7.3.1 What is FpML? 200

7.3.2 Benefits of FpML 200 7.4 Commerce XML (cXML) 202 7.5 Electronic Business XML (ebXML) 204

7.6 Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 205 7.6.1 SOAP messages 205

7.7 BizTalk Framework 207 7.7.1 Components of the BizTalk

Framework 207 7.7.2 The envelope 208 7.8 Conclusion 212

Chapter 8 Middleware Technologies 213

8.1 What is Middleware? 214 8.2 Transaction Processing (TP) Monitors 216

8.2.1 How they work? 217 8.2.2 Benefits of TP monitors 218

8.3 Message Oriented Middleware (MOM) 219 8.3.1 Why use message queues? 221 8.3.2 Types of communication 222 8.3.3 MOM frameworks 224 8.3.4 MOM middleware 226 8.4 Distributed Objects and Components 231

8.4.1 Distributed components 233 8.4.2 Distributed object frameworks 234 8.4.3 OMA — CORBA 3 235 8.4.4 Windows DNA — COM+ 239 8.4.5 J2EE — EJB 244 8.4.6 J2EE application servers 249

8.5 Conclusion 253

Chapter 9 Integration Brokers 254

9.1 Introduction 255 9.1.1 Integration brokers enable

(best-of-breed) BOB approach 256 9.2 Architecture of Integration Brokers 256 9.2.1 Hub-and-spoke architecture 256 9.2.2 Message bus architecture 257 9.2.3 Multi-hub architecture 258 9.3 Components of Integration Brokers 259 9.3.1 Messaging services 260 9.3.2 Application adapters 262 9.3.3 Data transformation component 264

9.3.4 Workflow manager 266

9.3.5

9.3.6

Metadata repository Administration tool 9.4 Services of Integration Brokers 9.4.1

Directory services Trading partner management and personalization

Security Scalability Transactional integrity Integration broker connectivity 9.5 Selecting an Integration Broker for Your Company

9.6 Leading 9.6.1

webMethods B2B platform BEA WebLogic integration ROI on integration brokers 9.7 Conclusion

Chapter 10 Internet Security 287

10.1 Internet Security (E-Security) Critical

for B2Bi 288 10.2 B2Bi — Makes a Company Highly

Vulnerable to Security Risks 289 10.2.1 Complex nature of applications 289

10.2.2 Anonymous relationships in B2B

e-commerce 289 10.2.3 Software undergoing frequent

change 289 10.2.4 Human factor involved 290

10.3 Employees and Other Insiders Pose the

Biggest Threat 290 10.4 E-Security Strategy 291

10.5 Basic Security Services in B2Bi 291

10.5.1 The strength of the chain is as

strong as its weakest link 292 10.6 Key Concepts in E-Security Solutions 293

10.6.1 Cryptography 293

10.6.2 Private key encryption 294

10.6.3 Public key encryption 295

10.6.4 Best of both worlds — The digital

envelope 296 10.6.5 Digital signature 296

10.6.6 Digital certificates and role of

Certificate Authorities (CAs) 300 10.6.7 Using SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)

to establish secure sessions 301 10.7 Shielding an Organization from the

Outside World 302 10.7.1 Firewalls 302 10.7.2 Functions performed by firewalls 303

10.7.3 Types of firewalls 304

10.7.4 Considerations in choosing a

firewall 306 10.7.5 Enterprise firewall appliance 306

10.7.6 Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) 308

10.7.7 Check Point's VPN solution 310

10.8 B2Bi and E-Security 311

10.8.1 Revamp your security 311

10.8.2 B2Bi software 312

10.8.3 Security features in the leading

B2B integration servers 313 10.8.4 E-security tailored to XML 314

10.9 Secure Payments Over the Internet 315

10.9.1 Need for trusted third party entities 316

10.10 Security Trends for the Future 317

10.11 Conclusion 322

Part III Evolving Integration Components 323

Chapter 11 Web Services 325

11.1 Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) 326

11.1.1 Components and operations

of SOA 326 11.2 What are Web Services? 327

11.2.1 Application of SOA-based

framework to B2Bi 328 11.3 Essential Features of a Web Services

Environment 329 11.4 Universal Description, Discovery and

Integration (UDDI) 330 11.4.1 What is UDDI? 330 11.4.2 UDDI built on SOAP 331 11.4.3 UDDI data structure 331 11.4.4 UDDI APIs 333 11.5 Web Services Description Language

(WSDL) 333 11.5.1 WSDL schema 334

11.5.2 WSDL and UDDI 334 11.6 Web Services Flow Language (WSFL) 335

11.7 Putting Everything Together 335

11.8 Essential Features of a Web Services

Framework 336 11.9 Security Requirements for Web Services 337

11.9.1 Authentication 338 11.9.2 Authorization 338 11.9.3 Data protection 338 11.9.4 Non-repudiation 338 11.10 Where to Start? 339

11.10.1 Leverage existing assets 339 11.10.2 Build an internal repository for

web services 340 11.10.3 Bottom line 340 11.11 Web Services Networks 340

11.12 Conclusion 341

Chapter 12 Wireless Technologies 342

12.1 Introduction 343 12.2 The Wireless Internet Today 344

12.2.1 Definition and growth 344 12.2.2 Mobile benefits 345 12.3 Wireless Application Architecture and

Components 347 12.3.1 Wireless Access Protocol (WAP) 350

12.3.2 Wireless Markup Language

(WML) 351 12.3.3 WMLScript 352 12.4 Wireless Security Issues 353

12.4.1 Security of mobile systems 353 12.4.2 Security issues in WAP 355 12.4.3 Generic mobile solutions 358 12.5 B2B Wireless Applications 360

12.5.1 Business uses of the mobile

Internet 360 12.5.2 B2B wireless portals 362

12.5.3 On-demand trading 363 12.5.4 Business-to-Employee (B2E)

connections 363 12.5.5 B2B, B2C, B2E and wireless 365

12.6 Enterprise Integration Issues for

M-commerce 366 12.7 Leading M-commerce Solution Providers 369

12.7.1 BEA WebLogic m-commerce

solution 369 12.7.2 IBM's WebSphere everyplace

suite 372 12.8 To be or not to be Wireless: Pertinent

Strategic Considerations 372 12.8.1 Goal and business definition 372

12.8.2 Formulation of technology

strategy 374 12.9 Conclusion 379

Chapter 13 Software Agents 381

13.1 Software Agents Enabling the Formation

of Virtual Organizations 382 13.2 What are Intelligent Software Agents? 382

13.3 What are Agent Systems? 384

environment 388 13.7 Agents and Negotiation 389

13.7.1 Types of negotiation strategies 390 13.7.2 Not revealing negotiation strategy

paramount 390 13.8 Agents and Mobility 391

13.8.1 Benefits of using mobile agents 391 13.8.2 Potential risks involved in use

of mobile agents 392 13.9 Agents' Role in B2B E-Commerce

and B2Bi 393 13.9.1 Information gathering and filtering 394

13.9.2 Uncovering quality sales prospects 395 13.9.3 Value chain integration 395 13.9.4 Optimization of business processes

in light of B2Bi 396 13.9.5 Efficient e-marketplaces 397

13.9.6 Maintaining customer relationships 399 13.9.7 Effective e-procurement 399 13.9.8 Integration with legacy systems 400

13.9.9 Enable privacy in B2B transactions 400 13.10 Need for a Universal Language 402

13.10.1 XNS: A dictionary and address

book for web agents 404 13.11 Conclusion 405

Part IV B2Bi-Enabled Applications 407 Chapter 14 Supply Chain Management (SCM) 409

14.1 Introduction 410 14.2 Fundamentals of Supply Chain

Management 410 14.2.1 A few definitions of SCM 410

14.2.2 What is a supply chain? 411 14.2.3 A typical business process flow

in a supply chain 412 14.2.4 Activities in a supply chain 413

14.3 Legacy Supply Chain 415

14.3.1 Push-based supply network 415 14.3.2 What's wrong in a legacy supply

chain? 416 14.4 B2Bi-Enabled Supply Chain 417

14.4.1 Principles of SCM 418 14.4.2 Pull-based supply network 419

14.4.3 ROI in moving from pull-based

to push-based supply network 420 14.4.4 Features of B2Bi-enabled supply

chain 420 14.5 Supply Chain Planning and Execution 422

14.5.1 Supply Chain Planning (SCP) 422 14.5.2 Supply Chain Execution (SCE) 423 14.5.3 E-procurement — The

transformation of corporate purchasing 424 14.5.4 E-logistics: Integrating warehouses,

distribution centers and customer interaction processes 427 14.6 SCM Challenges 428 14.6.1 Synchronization in supply chain 428

14.6.2 Building trust through supply

chain 428 14.6.3 Operational stability 428

14.6.4 Inertia for change 429

14.6.5 Supply chain complexity 429 14.6.6 Managing supply chain for short

lifecycle products 429 14.6.7 Integration challenge within the

organization 429 14.6.8 Integration challenge with supply

chain partners 430 14.6.9 Inter-company business process

synchronization 430 14.7 SCM Techniques 430 14.7.1 Vendor Managed Inventory

(VMI) 431 14.7.2 Just-in-Time (JIT) 431

14.7.3 Collaborative Planning,

Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR) 431 14.8 SCM Systems 434 14.9 Conclusion 437

Chapter 15 E-Marketplaces and Collaborative Networks 438

15.1 What are E-Marketplaces? 439

15.2 Basics of B2B E-Marketplaces 440

15.2.1 Pre e-marketplace era 440 15.2.2 E-marketplace era 440 15.2.3 Classification of e-marketplaces 441

15.2.4 Market makers 444 15.2.5 Dynamic trading through B2B

e-marketplaces 444 15.2.6 Governance of e-marketplaces 445

15.2.7 Benefits of B2B e-marketplaces 445 15.2.8 Which e-marketplace to join? 449 15.2.9 B2B e-marketplaces services 453 15.3 How E-Marketplaces Fit into a Company's

B2Bi Plans 457 15.3.1 Catalog publishing 457

15.3.2 Receiving and processing orders 458 15.3.3 Data transformation 459

15.3.4 Integrating credit, financing and

collection system with ERP 460 15.4 Emergence of B2B Collaborative Networks 460

15.4.1 Just another point of connection 460 15.4.2 Lack of support for collaborative

commerce 462 15.4.3 B2B collaborative networks 462

15.5 Conclusion 466

PartV Conclusion 467 Chapter 16 B2B to P2P Evolution 469

16.1 Why Peer-to-Peer? 470

16.1.1 Let your imagination run wild 470 16.1.2 What is P2P? 471 16.1.3 What is a peer group? 471

16.1.4 Features of a P2P application 471 16.2 Leading P2P Protocols 473

16.2.1 Jabber 473 16.2.2 Juxtapose — JXTA 474

16.3 Examples of P2P Applications 477

16.3.1 NextPage — NXT 3 477 16.3.2 FirstPeer — Professional servant 478

16.3.3 Groove networks — Groove 1.0 478 16.3.4 Gnuetella 478 16.3.5 Applied MetaComputing —

Legion 478 16.4 Benefits of P2P-Based Applications in

B2B Integration 479 16.4.1 Collaboration 479 16.4.2 Enhanced performance 479

16.4.3 Intelligent agents 481 16.4.4 P2P marketplaces 481 16.4.5 Information discovery using

search engines 483 16.4.6 Eliminate the need for cataloging

in multiple formats 483

16.5 But the Road is Winding

16.5.1 Network bandwidth 16.5.2 Security

16.5.3 Complex architectures and

difficult maintenance 16.6 Conclusion

A PIP2A1: Distribute New Product Information

B UDDI Technical White Paper

The Big Picture

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