Market Leader 2 (new)

ə l/ : Đa quốc gia: involving several different countries, or of a business producing and selling goods in several different countries Team player np /tiːmˈpleɪ.ə r / Người làm cùng nhóm

MARKET LEADER PRE-INTERMEDIATE

Promotion(n) /prəˈməʊ.ʃ ə n/: thăng tiến: when someone is raised to a higher or

more important position or rank

1 [ C or U ] activities to advertise something

2 [ U ] when something is encouraged to happen or develop

Schedule(n) /ˈʃed.juːl/ Lịch trình: 1 a list of planned activities or things to be

done showing the times or dates when they are intended to happen or be done

2 US ( UK timetable ) a list of the times when events are planned to happen, especially the times when buses, trains and planes leave and arrive

3 FORMAL an official list of things

Management(n) /ˈmæn.ɪdʒ.mənt/ : Ban quản lý: The control and organization of

something

- the group of people responsible for controlling and organizing a company

Administration (n) /ədˌmɪn.ɪˈstreɪ.ʃ ə n/ : Phòng hành chính

1 [ U ] ( INFORMAL admin ) the arrangements and tasks needed to control the

operation of a plan or organization

2 [ C ] a period of government in the United States

3 [ U ] when someone is given something

Personnel (n) /ˌpɜː.s ə nˈel/ Phòng nhân sự: the department of a company or

organization that deals with its employees when they first join, when they need training or when they have any problems

Sack(v) /sæk/ Sa thải: remove someone from a job, usually because they have

done something wrong or badly, or sometimes as a way of saving the cost of

employing them

- to steal all the valuable things from a building, town, etc., and possibly destroy the building or town, usually during a war

Qualification (n) ˌkwɒl.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃ ə n/ Bằng cấp: an official record showing that you

have finished a training course or have the necessary skills, etc

- [ C or U ] an ability, characteristic or experience that makes you suitable for a particular job or activity

- [ C ] a piece of information that you add which limits the effect of something

Pension (n) / /ˈpen t  .ʃ ə n/ lương hưu : a sum of money paid regularly by the

government or a private company to a person who does not work any more because they are too old or they have become ill

Multinational(adj) /ˌmʌl.tiˈnæʃ ə n ə l/ : Đa quốc gia: involving several different

countries, or (of a business) producing and selling goods in several different countries

Team player (np) /tiːmˈpleɪ.ə r / Người làm cùng nhóm: someone who is

good at working closely with other people

Task (n) /tɑːsk/ : [ C ] a piece of work to be done, especially one done

regularly, unwillingly or with difficulty

Career move (np) /kəˈrɪə r muːv/ : Bước tiến trong sự nghiệp

Career break (np) /kəˈrɪə r breɪk/ Thời gian nghỉ việc: a period of time

when you choose not to have a job, for example because you want to travel, or look after your children

Career plan (np) /kəˈrɪə r plæn/ : Kế hoạch sự nghiệp

Career oppoturnity(np) kəˈrɪə r ˌɒp.əˈtjuː.nə.ti/ : Cơ hội nghề nghiệp

Reading& Textbank:

Leading (adj) /ˈliː.dɪŋ/ Hàng đầu, dẫn đầu: very important or most important

Priority(n) /praɪˈɒr.ɪ.ti/ : Sự ưu tiên : something that is very important and must be

dealt with before other things

To evaluate(v) /ɪˈvæl.ju.eɪt/ Đánh giá: to judge or calculate the quality, importance,

amount or value of something

Progress(n) /ˈprəʊ.gres/ : Tiến trình: movement to an improved or

more developed state, or to a forward position

To delegate (v) /ˈdel.ɪ.geɪt/ ủy thác, giao phó: to give a particular job, duty,

right, etc to someone else so that they do it for you

- to choose or elect someone to speak, vote, etc for a group, especially at a meeting

To master(v) /ˈmɑː.stə r / : Chỉ đạo,quản lý,điều khiển: to learn how to do

something well

To determine(v) /dɪˈtɜː.mɪn/ : Quyết tâm: to make a strong decision

- to control or influence something directly, or to decide what will happen

- to discover the facts or truth about something

To transform (v) /trænsˈfɔːm/ : Chuyển đổi: to change completely the

appearance or character of something or someone, especially so that they are

improved

Satisfaction(n) /ˌsæt.ɪsˈfæk.ʃ ə n/ : Sự hài lòng: a pleasant feeling which you get

when you receive something you wanted, or when you have done something you wanted to do

Target (n) /ˈtɑː.gɪt/ : Mục tiêu: an object shot at during shooting practice, often a

circle with a pattern of rings, or any object or place at which bullets, bombs, etc are aimed

- a person or a particular group of people who something is directed at, or who something is intended for

To achieve (v) /əˈtʃiːv/ Thành công, đạt được: to succeed in finishing

something or reaching an aim, especially after a lot of work or effort

Language review:

Request (n) /rɪˈkwest/ Yêu cầu: when you politely or officially ask for something

Confirm(v) /kənˈfɜːm/ : Khẳng định: ] to prove that a belief or an opinion which

was previously not completely certain is true

- to make an arrangement or meeting certain, often by telephone or writing

- to accept someone formally as a full member of the Christian Church at a special ceremony

Regular hour(np)/ˈreg.jʊ.lə r aʊə r / Giờ thông thường

Skills

Expression (n) /ɪkˈspreʃ ə n/ Sự diễn đạt: [ C or U ] when you say what you think

or show how you feel using words or actions

- the look on someone's face, showing what they feel or think

- a word or group of words used in a particular situation or by particular people

Purpose(n) /ˈpɜː.pəs/ : Mục đích: why you do something or why something exists Training course (np) /ˈtreɪ.nɪŋ kɔːs/ : Khóa đào tạo

Engaged (adj) /ɪnˈgeɪdʒd/ : Bận: busy doing something

- having formally agreed to marry

- [ after verb ] involved in something

- [ after verb ] FORMAL

- If a telephone or public toilet is engaged, someone is already using it

Go ahead (vp) /ˈgəʊ.ə.hed/ : Tiếp tục

Case study:

Inc.(n) /ɪŋk/ : Tổng công ty ,tập đoàn

ABBREVIATION FOR incorporated: used in the names of US companies that are legally established

Corporate training (np) /ˈkɔː.p ə r.ət treɪ.nɪŋ/ : Đào tạo doanh nghiệp

Subsidiary(n) /səbˈsɪd.i ə r.i/ : Chi nhánh, công ty con: a company which is

owned by a larger company

Vacancy (n) /ˈveɪ.k ə n t  .si/ : Vị trí trống: a space or place which is available to

- a person or thing considered likely to receive or experience something

- UK someone who is taking an examination

Representative(n)/ˌrep.rɪˈzen.tə.tɪv/ : Đại diện: someone who speaks or does

something officially for another person or group of people

- US someone who has been elected to the US House of Representatives

Aggressive (adj) /əˈgres.ɪv/ : Hiếu chiến, hiếu thắng: behaving in an angry and

violent way towards another person

- determined to win or succeed and using forceful action to achieve victory or success

Regional manager(np) /ˈriː.dʒ ə n ə lˈmæn.ɪ.dʒə r / Giám đốc khu vực

Engineering (n: /ˌen.dʒɪˈnɪə.rɪŋ/ : Kỹ thuật: the work of an engineer, or the study of

to have a(an) + (adj) impact on

điều kinh hoàng đối với ai

có kinh nghiệm làm việc gì chịu trách nhiệm

tự mình lựa chọnvẫn kiểm soát được (nắm được) đúng giờ

khả năng làm việc gì những luật bất thành văn (bất thành lời)

bị tụt hậu (bị bỏ lại phía sau)

có can đảm

có tác đ ng (như thế nào) tới cái gì / tới ai

quan hệ tốt với ai tính (khiếu) hài hướctheo sát (bám sát) với ý chính thời gian chờ nghỉ việc (để chuyển sang nơi mới)

đ t chỉ tiêu doanh thubận (điên tho ại) nối máy cho ainối máy tới ai

GRAMMAR REVIEW 1 - MODAL 1: ABILITY, REQUESTS & OFFERS

EXPLANATIONS

- Modal verbs (can, could, will, would, may, might, shall, should, ought, must)

always have the same form and never have an ending such as s, ing or ed when they go with different “SUBJECTS” or in different tenses After a modal

verb we put a bare infinitive ( verbs with no “to”)

- Modal verbs show the speaker’s attitude or feelings about the situation For example, how probable or necessary something is, or that the speaker is or requesting something Modal verbs are used to describe:

• ABILITY

- To talk about ability we use can and can’t (can not).

» Our new divisional manager can speak four languages fluently.

- Can’t is used for all things that we are not able to do.

» He can’t drive, he’s never learnt how to.

- We sometimes use be able/unable to instead of can/can’t They are common

in writing

» For the first time in years we are now able to generate growth internally, not

just through acquisitions

- To talk about general past ability we use could.

» She could play the piano when she was five years old.

- To talk about one specific past action we use was/were able to and managed

to However, if the sentence is negative, it is possible to use couldn’t to talk

about either general ability or a specific action

» After six hours of negotiation, we finally managed to make some progress.

» We couldn’t get tickets for the opera – they were all sold out.

• REQUESTS

- To make a request (ask somebody to do something) we use can, could, will, would We can add the word possibly to make the request more polite.

» Could you (possibly) wait a moment, please?

» Will/ Would you give me a hand with these suitcases?

- We use an indirect question to make the request more polite

» Do you think you could open the window?

- We can make a request with Would you mind… followed by V+ ing form

» Would you mind opening the window?

– No, of course not (positive response)

- Actually, I’m feeling quite cold (negative response)

• OFFERS AND INVITATIONS

- To offer help we use Can/Could/Shall I, Would you like me to, I’ll and Let me.

» Shall I make a copy for you?

» Would you like me to give you a lift?

» I’ll give them a ring if you like.

» Let me give you a hand.

- To offer things we use “Would you like” or short phrases with choices We

reply by expressing a reference

» Would you like tea or coffee? - I’d rather have coffee, please.

» Anything to drink? Tea or coffee? - I’ll have coffee, please.

» What would you prefer? - I don’t mind

- To invite somebody to do something we use Would you like to…?

» Would you like to come with us to the restaurant tonight?

- We can reply to offers and invitations by accepting or rejecting them

Accepting: Thank you very much/ That’s very kind of you/ Thanks I’d

1 I _ speak any foreign languages when I was ten years old

2 I use a computer of course, but unfortunately I use spreadsheets It’s something I really want to learn

3 After a lot of discussion we _ strike a deal

4 She find a good job despite her lack of formal qualification

5 I _ see you were having problems, so I didn’t interrupt

6 Will you _ go to the training seminar? – No, I I’m very busy

7 When we lived near the beach we go swimming everyday

8 If you _ make a firm order now, we should _ ship by Friday

9 She _ have left me a message – how was I supposed to know

10.I thought I was going to miss the plane but I _ get to the airport on time

II Underline the correct words.

11.Shall I/ Will I give you a lift into town?

12.Would/ May I sit here?

13 Could/ Would I use your mobile phone?

14 Do you like/ Would you like some more coffee?

15.Are you hot? I’ll/ I shall switch on the air conditioning if you like.

16.If you are decisive you can/ could make firm decisions.

17.Would you like us to send/ sending you a catalogue?

18.Let me know/ Let I know if you need any help.

19.We had a very successful meeting and we managed to/ could make them agree to

giving us a 30% discount

20.Please to/ Would you sign your name here?

Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese:

1 Employees can also receive a whole range of other benefits (= fringebenefits/perks) such as: sick-leave and holiday pay, retirement (= pension)plans, health insurance, child care and elder care, training, company car, laptop,mobile device, subsidized canteen, the chance to travel, etc

2 The word employee refers to all the people who work in an organization; theword staff can have exactly the same meaning, but it can also refer just to non-managerial workers

3 Production department is responsible for changing the raw materials orassembling the components into finished products

4 Personel department is responsible for the human resources of the companyand recruits the right people for the firm’s departments, help to organize themand make sure there is adequate staff development

5 Purchasing department is responsible for buying the raw materials andeverything needed for the company from office supplies to productionmachinery

UNIT2: SELLING ONLINE

Starting up & Vocabulary:

Selling online(n): /'seliη'ɔnlain/ bán hàng trực tuyến

Designer (n) : /dɪˈzaɪ.nə r / nhà thiết kế: [ C ] a person who imagines how

something could be made and draws plans for it

Discount (n) /ˈdɪs.kaʊnt/ : chiết khấu: a reduction in the usual price

Credit card(n): /'kreditkɑ:d/ Thẻ tín dụng

a small plastic card which can be used as a method of payment, the money being taken from you at a later time

Expiry date(n): /ˌek.spɪˈreɪ.ʃ ə n deɪt/ Ngày hết hạn

Guarantee (v): /ˌgær ə nˈtiː/ Đảm bảo: to promise that something will happen or

exist

- If a product is guaranteed, the company that made it promises to repair or change it

if a fault develops within a particular period of time

- If you guarantee someone's debt, you formally promise to accept the responsibility for that debt if the person fails to pay it

- If something guarantees something else, it makes certain that it will happen

- If something is guaranteed to happen or have a particular result, it is certain that it will happen or have that result

Order (v): /ˈɔː.də r / : Đặt hàng: to ask for something to be made, supplied or

delivered , especially in a restaurant or shop

- If a person in authority orders someone to do something, or orders something to be done, they tell someone to do it

- to arrange a group of people or things in a list from first to last

Cost(n): /kɒst/ Chi phí: the amount of money needed to buy, do or make

something

- the amount of money needed for a business or to do a particular job

- [ S or U ] something which is given, needed or lost in order to get a particular thing

Option(n): /ˈɒp.ʃ ə n/: Sự lựa chọn: one thing which can be chosen from a set of

possibilities, or the freedom to make a choice

Refund(v): /ˌrɪˈfʌnd/ : Hoàn trả: to give someone a refund

Purchase (v): /ˈpɜː.tʃəs/ mua : to buy

Warehouse (n): /ˈweə.haʊs/ : Kho hàng: a large building for storing things before

they are sold, used or sent out to shops, or a large shop selling a large number of a particular product at a cheap rate

Reading and Text bank:

Retailer(n): /ˈriː.teɪ.lə r / : người bán lẻ: a person, shop or business that sells goods

to the public

Dilemma (n) /d a  ɪˈlem.ə/ : Tiến thoái lưỡng nan: a situation in which a difficult

choice has to be made between two different things you could do

Account for(v): /əˈkaʊnt/ : Chiếm: to form the total of something

Consumer(n): /kənˈsjuː.mə r / : Người tiêu dung: a person who buys goods or

services for their own use

Impact(v): /ɪmˈpækt/ : ảnh hưởng: to have an influence on something

Price comparison(np): /praɪs kəmˈpær.ɪ.s ə n/ : So sánh giá cả

Acknowledge(v): /əkˈnɒl.ɪdʒ/ : Thừa nhận ,công nhận: to accept, admit or

recognize something, or the truth or existence of something

Complicate(v): /ˈkɒm.plɪ.keɪt/ : Làm phức tạp: to make something more difficult

to deal with, do or understand

Effective (adj): /ɪˈfek.tɪv/ : Hiệu quả: successful or achieving the results that you

- a suggestion that something is good or suitable for a particular purpose or job

Deal (n): /dɪəl/ : Hợp đồng: [ C ] an agreement or an arrangement, especially in

business

Striking (a) : /ˈstraɪ.kɪŋ/ : Đáng kinh ngạc, hấp dẫn: more attractive than usual

- very unusual or easily noticed, and therefore attracting a lot of attention

Acquire (v) : /əˈkwaɪə r / : mua: to get something

Pledge (v): /pledʒ/ : Hứa: to make a serious or formal promise to give or do

something

Subsequent (adj): /ˈsʌb.sɪ.kwənt/ : Đến sau, theo sau, xảy ra sau: happening after

something else

Poise (v): /pɔɪz/ : Sẵn sang: calm confidence in a person's way of behaving, or a

quality of grace (= moving in an attractive way) and balance in the way a person holds or moves their body

Broaden(v): /ˈbrɔː.d ə n/ : Mở rộng: to become wider, or to cause something to

become wider

- to increase the range of something

Featuring (n): /ˈfi:t∫əriη/: Bao gồm

Speculation (n): /ˌspek.jʊˈleɪ.ʃ ə n/ : Sự đầu cơ, tích trữ: when you guess possible

answers to a question without having enough information to be certain

- when people speculate in order to make a profit

Presence(n) : /ˈprez ə n t  s/ : Sự hiện diện,sự có mặt: when someone or something

is in a place

- a feeling that someone is still in a place although they are not there or are dead

Compile (v) /kəmˈpaɪl/ : Thu lượm : to collect information from different places

and arrange it in a book, report or list

Skills

Negotiating tip(n): /nəˈgəʊ.ʃi.eɪtiη tɪp /: Thủ thuật đàm phán

List (n): /lɪst/ : Danh sách: a record of short pieces of information, such as people's

names, usually written or printed with a single thing on each line and often ordered in

a way that makes a particular thing easy to find

Side (n): /saɪd/ : Bên, phía: a flat outer surface of an object, especially one that is

not the top, the bottom, the front or the back

- an edge or border of something

Body language(n): /ˈbɒd.i ,ˈlæŋ.gwɪdʒ /: Ngôn ngử cử chỉ: the movements or

positions of your body that show other people how you are feeling, even though you

do not tell them in words

Chain (n): /tʃeɪn/ : Chuỗi: a set of connected or related things

- (a length of) rings usually made of metal which are connected together and used forfastening, pulling, supporting, or limiting freedom, or as jewellery

Set up (v): /ˈset.ʌp/ : Thành lập: to formally establish a new company,

organization, system, way of working, etc

- to arrange for an event or activity to happen

Payment (n): /ˈpeɪ.mənt/ : Việc thanh toán: [ C or U ] an amount of money paid

- reward

Amount(n): /əˈmaʊnt/ : Lượng, khối lượng: a collection or mass especially of

something which cannot be counted

Control (v): /kənˈtrəʊl/ : Kiểm soát: to order, limit or rule something, or someone's

actions or behaviour

In advance (adv): / in ədˈvɑːn t  s/ Trước

Website (n) /ˈweb.saɪt/ : Trang web: a set of pages of information on the Internet

about a particular subject, which have been published by the same person or

organization, and often contain colour pictures, video and sound

Case –study: (work in groups)

Package holiday (n): /ˈpæk.ɪdʒ ˈhɒl.ɪ.deɪ / Du lịch trọn gói: a holiday at a fixed

price in which the travel company arranges your travel, hotels and sometimes meals for you

Catalogue (n): /ˈkæt ə l.ɒg/ : Danh mục : [ C ] a book with a list of all the goods

that you can buy from a shop

- [ C ] a list of all the books, paintings, etc that exist in a place

- [ S ] A catalogue of unwanted events is a series of them

Demand (v): /dɪˈmɑːnd/ : Yêu cầu: to ask for something forcefully, in a way that

shows that you do not expect to be refused

Low butget (n): /lou' /ˈbʌdʒ.ɪt/ : Ngân sách co hạn

Experience (n): /ɪkˈspɪə.ri ə n t  s/ : Kinh nghiệm: 1 [ U ] (the process of getting)

knowledge or skill from doing, seeing or feeling things

2 [ C ] something that happens to you that affects how you feel

Car hire (v): / haɪə r /: Thuê xe

1 ( US rent ) to pay to use something for a short period

How much would it cost to hire a car for a fortnight?

2 to employ someone or pay them to do a particular job

Accommodation (n): /əˌkɒm.əˈdeɪ.ʃ ə n/ : Nơi ăn chốn ở: a place to live, work,

stay, etc in

Insurance (n): /ɪnˈʃɔː.rən t  s/ : Bảo hiểm: an agreement in which you pay a

company money and they pay your costs if you have an accident, injury, etc

Agenda(n): /əˈdʒen.də/: Chương trình nghị sự: a list of matters to be discussed at

a meeting

- a list of aims or possible future achievements

Contract (n): /ˈkɒn.trækt/: Hợp đồng: a legal document that states and explains a

formal agreement between two different people or groups, or the agreement itself _ be under contract : to have formally agreed to work for a company or person on astated job for a stated period of time

Summarise(v): /ˈsʌm ə r.aɪz/ : Tóm tắt, tổng kết: to express the most important

facts or ideas about something or someone in a short and clear form

*Expressions and structures

to get out of control

in advance

to buy in bulk

in order to do st

in the original packaging

cooling off period

để (làm gì) còn nguyên xi bao bì thời hạn cho phép thay đổi hoặc huỷ đơn đặt hàng trả chậm không tính lãi suất

hết hàng đảm bảo hoàn lại ti ền phương thức thanh toán dịch vụ hậu mãi

có hàng trong kho sao lưu

thu hút để ý, Dong y, thoa thuan chú ý tới ai (cái gì)

bị đóng cửa và thanh lý tài sản phát triển nhanh

nói chung tiếp cận với

ép (bắt) ai làm gì chuyển đổi (biến) cái gì thành cái gì tiền trên mạng, tiền ảo

trả trước hết

cố hết sức xem (coi) cái gì (ai) là cái gì (ai) rất cần thiết

to be all things to all people

trang thiết bị rẻ tiền rất tiên tiến

ngoài cái gì (ai) ra

l àm ăn có lãi, tốt hơn trước không muốn

làm hài lòng tất cả mọi người

GRAMMAR REVIEW 2 - MODAL2: NECESSITY & OBLIGATION

EXPLANATIONS

“Must, need to, have to, should” are called Modal 2 , which can be used to

express “necessity” and “obligation” These modal verbs are followed by bare

infinitive – Verb without “to”

1 must, need to and have to are used to say that something is compulsory or

necessary

* “Any change in taxation must be fair” the president said.

* All travellers to China have to be in possession of a visa.

* I need to have these figures before next Monday’s meeting.

2 had to, and didn’t have to are used when talking about past obligation.

* When we lived in Sao Paulo we had to learn some Portuguese.

* Fortunately we didn’t have to pay for the repairs.

3 should and shouldn’t are used to give advice or suggest the right course of action.

* You should keep an account of all your expenses.

* People shouldn’t leave litter all over the place.

Should often follow the verbs suggest and think

* I think you should upgrade your computer.

Should can be used to say that something is likely in the future.

* Interest rates should come down soon – that’s what the economists are

predicting.

4 use don’t need to and don’t have to if something isn’t necessary or not

compulsory

* You don’t need to stay late – we have cancelled the meeting.

* You don’t have to pay our bill until 30 th

5 use must not to say that something is forbidden (very unnecessary) or against the

law

* Passengers on a plane must not smoke during take-off.

* You mustn’t enter a joint venture unless both parties benefit from the deal

Note: When used in the negative must and have to have different meanings

Compare the following sentences:

* You don’t have to finish the report today I need it on Monday next week.

In this example do not have to means lack of necessity.

* You must not tell anyone about this secret Do you promise?

In this example must not means prohibition

1 In this company, you _ wear a dress or a suit if you are a woman.

2 Many years ago, students _ pay much money for their study at the university.Education was almost free

3 At business lunches in China you eat everything Just leave the food on your plate

4 You _ drive over 30mph in the highway It’s the rule

5 There isn’t much to discuss, so we _ to start the meeting until 10.00

6 You introduce politics as a topic for conversation when you first meet your foreign partners It is not advisable

7 Foreign journalists apply for special visas to go to the area It is

II.Complete the sentences Use the correct form of the words in brackets

11.Was the concert free or you ? (have to / pay)

12.I ate a big lunch before I went, so I there (need / eat)

13.We any food The fridge was already full (need to / get)

14.Now he's retired from football, he every day (have to / train)

15.The flowers were lovely, but you me anything! (need to / give)

16.You art clothes to the party Jeans are fine (have to / wear)

17.Lucie town Her sister took her in the car (have to / walk)

18.Why is Mary buying shoes again? She more! (need to / buy)

19.The house is in perfect condition They it (need to / paint)

20.I last night We went out to eat (have to / cook)

21.III Build up complete sentences by using the given words.

22.I / already/ finish/ all my homework/ so/ not/ have to/ study tonight

………

23.You/ must/ finish/ type/ documents/ now/ because/ they/ urgent

………

24.The flat/ they/ live in now/ too small/ so/ need/ find/ bigger one

Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese:

1 Promoting an online store is different from promoting an ordinary Web site You'renot just looking for hits You're looking for sales While it's always a good thing tobring more people to your site, what you really need is buyers

2 The Internet is big There are millions of users, and thousands of sites competingfor their attention It takes patient effort to bend something so big in your direction.But once it gets started, it has the momentum of a truck If you can get a small, solidcustomer base, and keep them very happy, that and time are all you need

3 One of the best ways to spend money promoting your Web site is to lower yourprices You can't lose When you spend money on a banner ad, you have to pay foreveryone who sees it, whether they buy anything or not But when you "spend"money by charging less, you only have to pay for the people who actually placeorders So you never pay for this form of promotion unless it works

4 Security concerns are not what prevent people from ordering online The realproblem is that online shopping is just not a regular part of people's lives yet Mostpeople have a collection of physical stores and mail order catalogs that they buy fromregularly But online shopping is so new that most Web users haven't yet found theirregular Web stores

5 Ordering online is still an unusual thing to do, so people who do it are proud ofhow adventurous they are Have you ever listened to someone talk about orderingonline? "It was no big deal," they say, swelling visibly "I just went to their Web site,found what I wanted, and gave them my credit card number Three days later the stuffarrived No problem."

UNIT 3 – COMPANIES

1 Starting-up:

telecommunications (n) /ˌtel.ɪ.kəˌmjuː.nɪˈkeɪ.ʃ ə nz/ : viễn thông: the sending and

receiving of messages over distance, especially by telephone, radio and television

media (n) /ˈmiː.di.ə/ : phương tiện truyền thông

construction (n) /kənˈstrʌk.ʃ ə n/ : xây dựng: [ U ] the work of building or making

something, especially buildings, bridges, etc

- the particular type of structure, materials, etc that something has

- a building

tourism (n) /ˈtʊə.rɪ.z ə m/ : du lịch: the business of providing services such as

transport, places to stay or entertainment for people who are on holiday

transport (n) /ˈtræn.spɔːt/ : giao thông : [ U ] when people or goods are moved from

one place to another

- [ U ] UK ( US transportation ) a system of vehicles, such as buses, trains,

aircraft, etc for getting from one place to another

vehicle (n) /ˈviː.ɪ.kl  ̩/ : xe cộ: [ C ] FORMAL a machine usually with wheels and an engine, which is used for transporting people or goods on land, especially on roads

electronics (n) /ɪˌlekˈtrɒn.ɪks/ : điện tử: the scientific study of electric current and

the technology that uses it

pharmaceutical (adj/ n) /ˌfɑː.məˈsuː.tɪ.k ə l/ : dược phẩm: connected with the

production of medicines

chemical (n) /ˈkem.ɪ.k ə l/ : hóa chất: any basic substance which is used in or produced by a reaction involving changes to atoms or molecules

workforce (n) /ˈwɜːk.fɔːs/: lực lượng lao động: the group of people who work in a

company, industry, country, etc

profit (n) /ˈprɒf.ɪt/ : lợi nhuận: [ C or U ] money which is earned in trade or

business, especially after paying the costs of producing and selling goods and

services

- [ U ] the good or advantage that can be achieved by a particular action or activity

subsidiary (n) /səbˈsɪd.i ə r.i/ : công ty con: a company which is owned by a larger company

turnover (n) /ˈtɜːnˌəʊ.və r / : doanh thu: [ C or U ] the amount of business that a

company does in a period of time

- the rate at which employees leave a company and are replaced by new people

share price (np) /ʃeə r praɪs/ : giá cổ phiếu

market share (np)/ˈmɑː.kɪt ʃeə/: thị phần: the number of things that a company

sells compared with the number of things of the same type that other companies sell

performance (n) /pəˈfɔː.mən t  s/: Thành tích: [ C or U ] how well a person,

machine, etc does a piece of work or an activity

- the action of entertaining other people by dancing, singing, acting or playing music

loyal (adj) /ˈlɔɪ.əl/ : Trung thành: firm and not changing in your friendship with or

support for a person or an organization, or in your belief in your principles

dedicated (adj) /ˈded.ɪ.keɪ.tɪd/ : tận tâm, tận tụy: believing that something is very

important and giving a lot of time and energy to it

asset (n)/ˈæs.et/ : tài sản: something valuable belonging to a person or organization

which can be used for the payment of debts

- a useful or valuable quality, skill or person

2 Listening

production line (np) / /prəˈdʌk.ʃ ə n lain/ dây chuyền sản xuất: the process of

making or growing goods to be sold

packaging (n) /ˈpæk.ɪ.dʒɪŋ/ : bao bì đóng gói: the materials in which objects are

wrapped before being sold

trend (n) /trend/ : xu hướng : a general development or change in a situation or in

the way that people are behaving

- a new development in clothing, make-up, etc

tackle (v) /ˈtæk.l  ̩/ : giải quyết, khắc phục: to try to deal with something or someone complicate (v) /ˈkɒm.plɪ.keɪt/ : làm rắc rối, phức tạp: to make something more

difficult to deal with, do or understand

combination (n) /ˌkɒm.bɪˈneɪ.ʃ ə n/ : sự kết hợp: [ C or U ] the mixture you get

when two or more things are combined

- an arrangement in a different order

adjust (v) /əˈdʒʌst/ : điều chỉnh: to change something slightly, especially to make it

more correct, effective, or suitable

- to arrange your clothing to make yourself look tidy

adopt (v) /əˈdɒpt/ : chọn lựa: to accept or start to use something new -to take another

person's child into your own family and legally look after him or her as your own child

3 Reading

respect (v) /rɪˈspekt/ : Khâm phục, đánh giá cao: To treat something or someone

with kindness and care

- to accept the importance of someone's rights or customs and to do nothing that would harm them or cause them offence

respondent (n) /riˈspɒndənt/ : người trả lời: a person who answers a request for

information

Community (n) /kəˈmjuːnəti/: cộng đồng: the people living in one particular area or

people who are considered as a unit because of their common interests, social group

or nationality

- the community: the general public

commitment (n) /kəˈmitmənt/: sự cam kết: 1 [ C or U ] when you are willing to

give your time and energy to something that you believe in, or a promise or firm decision to do something

- something that you must do or deal with that takes your time

charity (n) /ˈtʃæriti/: từ thiện: [ C or U ] a system of giving money, food or help

free to those who are in need because they are ill, poor or have no home, or any organization which has the purpose of providing money or helping in this way

reward (n) /riˈwɔːd/: thưởng: something given in exchange for good behaviour or

good work, etc

- an amount of money given to someone who helps the police or who helps to returnstolen property to its owner

nominate (v) /ˈnɒmineit/: đề cử: to officially suggest someone for an election, job,

position or honour

- to state officially that a film, song, programme, etc will be included in a

competition for a prize

generation (n) /dʒenəˈreiʃən/: thế hệ: [ C + singular or plural verb ] all the people of

about the same age within a society or within a particular family

4 Language Review

Recruit (v): /riˈkruːt/ : tuyển dụng: to persuade someone to work for a company or

become a new member of an organization, especially the army

reliable (adj) /riˈlaiəbl/ : đáng tin cậy: Something or someone that is reliable can be

trusted or believed because they work or behave well in the way you expect

confident (adj) /ˈkɒnfidənt/: tự tin: having confidence

Enthusiastic (adj) /inˌθjuːziːˈæstik/: nhiệt tình: showing enthusiasm

5 Skills & Case Study

structure (n) /ˈstrʌktʃə/ : cấu trúc : [ C or U ] the way in which the parts of a

system or object are arranged or organized, or a system arranged in this way

figure (n) /ˈfigə/: con số: the symbol for a number or an amount expressed in numbers

- the shape of the human body, or a person

- a painting, drawing or model of a person

- a woman's body shape

annual (adj)/ˈænjuəl/: hàng năm: happening once every year, or relating to a period of one year

foothold (n) /ˈfʊthəʊld/: chỗ đứng, vị trí: a place such as a hole in a rock where you

can put your foot safely when climbing

- a strong first position from which further progress can be made

unique (adj) /jʊˈniːk/ : duy nhất, độc nhất vô nhị: being the only existing one

of its type or, more generally, unusual or special in some way

award (n) /əˈwɔːrd/: phần thưởng: a prize or a sum of money that isgiven to someone following an official decision

machinery (n) /məˈʃiː.nə.ri/ : máy móc: a group of large machines or the parts of a

machine which make it work

- the structure and systems of an organization or process

delay (n) /diˈlei/: Sự chậm trễ, trì hoãn: when you have to wait longer than

expected for something to happen, or the time that you have to wait

fleet (n) /fliːt/ : đoàn (xe): a number of buses, aircraft, etc under the control of

one person or organization

- a group of ships, or all of the ships in a country's navy

assess (v) /əˈses/: đánh giá: to judge or decide the amount, value, quality or

importance of something

pre-tax profit (np) /ˌpriːˈtæks ˈprɒfit/ Lợi nhuận trước thuế

disappointed (adj) /ˌdɪs.əˈpɔɪn.tɪd/ : thất vọng: unhappy because someone or

something was not as good as you hoped or expected, or because something did not happen

motivation (n) /ˌməʊ.tɪˈveɪ.ʃ ə n/ : động cơ thúc đẩy: [ U ] enthusiasm for doing

something

- [ C ] the need or reason for doing something

6 Phrases and structures

to have a positive effect on st có ảnh hưởng tích cực đến …

to have a commitment to do st cam kết làm gì

performance-based bonus thưởng theo thành tích

We use the present simple to:

- Give factual information about permanent activities

Valentino makes luxury chocolates

- Describe a state that doesn’t change

He looks like his father.

Nothing succeeds like success.

- Talk about routine activities, repeated actions or habits This use ofpresent simple is associated with adverbs of frequency

We usually have our weekly sales meeting on Mondays.

I often travel abroad on business.

Note:

There are verbs that we normally use only in simple tenses, not incontinuous tenses For example believe, belong, depend, know, like, love,mean, own, remember, understand, want, etc

These verbs describe states, not actions

It depends on the exchange rate ( NOT * It is depending…)

The premises don’t belong to them (NOT* The premises aren’t belonging…)

Present continuous

1 Form: S + am/ is/are + V-ing

2 Use:

We use the present continuous to:

- Describe activities in progress at the moment of speaking

She’s talking to him on the phone right now.

- Describe temporary situations

The delegation is staying at the Hilton until Friday.

- Refer to future arrangements

He’s starting a new job next week.

- Describe changing situations

We’re developing a new marketing strategy.

Focus exercises

I Circle the words of your choice.

1 Why do you wear / are you wearing a coat? It's hot today.

2 I don't eat / am not eating a lot of chocolate because it's unhealthy.

3 Listen, I think someone calls / is calling us.

4 This month they make / are making a new film starring Johnny Depp.

5 A: What do you do / are you doing?

B: I’m an executive

6 A: What do you do / are you doing?

B: I’m looking for the details on the computer

7 He doesn’t understand / isn’t understanding when people speak quickly.

8 Can you be quiet? We try / are trying to do some work.

9 They have / are having a meeting every Tuesday.

10.Do you read / Are you reading anything at the moment?

II Supply the correct form of verbs in brackets, either in present simple or present continuous.

11.Our company……… (make) parts for the automobile industry At themoment the factory………(work) seven days a week to meet the demand.12.She ………( coordinate) the work of a team of three people

13.Next week, she……….(travel) to Canada to visit their new retailoutlet

14.Mary………(deal) with Andrew’s clients while he’s on holiday.15.The production line………(not/ work) at weekends

16.Helen………… (stay) at the Grand hotel whenever she’s in London

17.I’ll get in touch with you as soon as I ……….(know) the result

18.Every time inflation ………(go up), people ……….(demand)higher wages

19.Sorry, I can’t go to our meeting tomorrow I ……….(see) an importantcustomer

20 I ……….( not/ think) Alice ………(study) hard for her examnext week

III Build up complete sentences by using the given words

21.It / difficult time / industry/ but / company /still/ grow/

IV Rewrite the following sentences using the given words so that there’s no

change in their meaning.

26.Setting up online sales would not be a more profitable alternative

- We have decided 27.I’ll finish the report now if you like

- Would you 28.The best option would be for us to carry out a new advertising campaign

- Carrying out 29.We need a set of different skills to address our company’s problems

- It’s necessary 30.I can’t wait to receive your brochure

- I am looking forward

Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese:

1 A company is a business organization It is an association or collection of

individual real persons and/or other companies, who each provide some form

of capital This group has a common purpose or focus and an aim of gaining

profits This collection, group or association of persons can be made to exist in

law and then a company is itself considered a "legal person" The name

company arose because, at least originally, it represented or was owned by

more than one real or legal person

2 A corporation becomes multinational when it establishes manufacturing plants

abroad

3 Subsidiary is a corporation in which over 50 percent of the capital belongs to a

multinational corporation If less than 50 percent of a company is owned by an

MNC, it is called an affiliate of the larger corporation

Starting - up & Vocabulary

discover (v) /dɪˈskʌv.ə r / : Khám phá, phát hiện: to find information, a place or an

object, especially for the first time

- to notice that a person has a special talent or quality and to help them to become successful

Raise (v): /reiz/: Khám phá, phát hiện: to lift something to a higher position

- to cause something to increase or become bigger, better, higher, etc

- to cause to exist

- to take care of a person, or an animal or plant, until they are completely grown

status (n) /ˈsteɪ.təs/ : địa vị, vị thế: an accepted or official position, especially in a social group

- the amount of respect, admiration or importance given to a person, organization or object

Extend (v): /ikˈstend/: mở rộng : to (cause something to) reach, stretch or continue;

to add to something in order to make it bigger or longer

Range (n) /reindʒ/: loạt, dòng, loại: a set of similar things

- the goods made by one company or goods of one particular type that are sold in a shop

breakthrough (n) /ˈbreɪk.θruː/ bước đột phá: an important discovery or event

that helps to improve a situation or provide an answer to a problem

generate (v) /ˈdʒen ə r.eɪt/ : tạo ra: to cause something to exist

- to produce energy in a particular form

waste (n) /weist/: chất thải, sự lãng phí: an unnecessary or wrong use of money,

substances, time, energy, abilities, etc

environment (n) /ɪnˈvaɪ ə  .rə n  .mənt/ : môi trường: the conditions that you live or

work in and the way that they influence how you feel or how effectively you can work

- the environment: the air, water and land in or on which people, animals and plants live

award (n) /əˈwɔːd/: phần thưởng: a prize or a sum of money that is given to

someone following an official decision

innovation (n) /ˌɪn.ə ʊ  ˈveɪ.ʃ ə n/ : sự đổi mới: (the use of) a new idea or method

Listening

brainstorm (v) /ˈbreɪn.stɔːm/ : động não, thảo luận: (of a group of people) to suggest a lot of ideas for a future activity very quickly before considering some of them more carefully

technique (n) /tekˈniːk/ : thủ thuật: a way of doing an activity which needs skill

interact (v) /ˌɪn.təˈrækt/ : tương tác: to communicate with or react to

encourage v) /ɪnˈkʌr.ɪdʒ/ : Khuyến khích: to make someone more likely to do something, or to make something more likely to happen

- to talk or behave in a way that gives someone confidence to do something

direction (n) /d a  ɪˈrek.ʃ ə n/ : hướng: the position towards which

someone or something moves or faces

- directions : instructions that you give to someone about how to find a particular place

Reading

dealership (n) /ˈdiː.lə.ʃɪp/ : a company that has permission to sell a particular product

troop (n) /truːp/: tụ tập, tập trung

- troops : [ plural ] soldiers on duty in a large group

- [ C ] a group of soldiers, especially ones who fight in strong military vehicles or on horses

- [ C ] an organized group of young people who are Scouts

showroom (n) /ˈʃəʊ.rʊm/ : Phong trung gioi thieu san pham: a large shop in which people are encouraged to look at the goods that are on sale before buying them

entrance fee (np) /ˈentrənts fiː/: phí vào cửa: an amount of money that you pay

in order to be allowed into a cinema, theatre, etc

Prospective (adj) /prəˈspek.tɪv/ : tiềm năng

prospectivebuyers/employers/parents, etc :people who are expected to buy

something/employ someone/become a parent, etc

coupe (n) /ˈkuː.peɪ/ : xe hơi hai chỗ ngồi: a car with a fixed roof, two doors, two or four seats, and usually a sloping back

cultivation (n) /ˌkʌl.tɪˈveɪ.ʃ ə n/ : sự trồng trọt

Experiment (v) /ɪkˈsper.ɪ.mənt/ : lam thí nghiệm: to try something in order to

discover what it is like or find out more about it

initiative (n) /iˈniʃətiv/: bước đầu, sự khởi đầu: a new action or movement,

often intended to solve a problem

- on your own initiative : If you do something on your own initiative, you plan it

and decide to do it yourself without anyone telling you what to do

diversification (n) /d a  ɪˌvɜː.sɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃ ə n/ : sự đa dạng hóa

Traffic: /ˈtræfik/: sự sử dụng (một dịch vụ): the amount of vehicles moving along

roads, or the amount of aircraft, trains or ships moving along a route

Language Review

cosmetics(n) /kɒzˈmet.ɪk/ : mỹ phẩm: substances that you put on your face or body which are intended to improve its appearance

apprentice (n) /əˈpren.tɪs/ : người học việc: someone who has agreed to work for

a skilled person for a particular period of time and often for low payment, in order to learn that person's skills

potion (n) /ˈpəʊ.ʃ ə n/ : thuốc: a liquid that is believed to have a magical effect on

someone who drinks it

appoint (v): /əˈpɔɪnt/: bổ nhiệm: to choose someone officially for a job or

responsibility

- to arrange a date or time when a meeting or other event will happen

expert (n) / ˈek.spɜːt/ : chuyên gia: a person with a high level of knowledge or

skill; a specialist

Skills & Case Study

purpose (n) /ˈpɜː.pəs/ : mục đích; why you do something or why something exists

- on purpose : If you do something on purpose, you do it intentionally, not

by accident

goggles (n) ˈgɒg.l  ̩z/: kính chuyên dụng: special glasses which fit

close to the face to protect the eyes from chemicals, wind, water, etc

summarise (v) /ˈsʌm ə r.aɪz/ : tóm tắt: to express the most important facts or ideas about something or someone in a short and clear form

recap (v) /ˈriː.kæp/ : tóm tắt: to repeat the main points of an

explanation or description

strategy (n) /ˈstræt.ə.dʒi/ : chiến lược: a detailed plan for achieving success in situations such as war, politics, business, industry or sport, or the skill of planning forsuch situations

peak (n) /piːk/ : đỉnh: the highest, strongest or best point, value or level of skill

- the pointed top of a mountain, or the mountain itself

optician (n) /ɒpˈtɪʃ ə n/ : bác sỹ nhãn khoa: someone whose job is examining

people's eyes and selling glasses or contact lenses to correct sight problems

fabric (n) /ˈfæbrik/: vải: (a type of) cloth or woven material

- the fabric of sth : the structure or parts especially of a social unit or a

building

etallic (adj) /məˈtæl.ɪk/ : có tính kim loại: describes a sound, appearance or taste

which is like metal

translucent (adj) /trænzˈluː.s ə nt/ : Trong, cho ánh sang đi qua: If an object or a

substance is translucent, it is almost transparent, allowing some light through it in an attractive way

Long-lasting (adj) /ˌlɒŋˈlɑː.stɪŋ/ : bền: ontinuing for a long period of time

license (v) /ˈlaɪ.s ə n t  s/ : cho phép, cấp giấy phép: give someone official

permission to do or have something

waterproof (adj) /ˈwɔː.tə.pruːf/ : không thấm nước: not allowing water to go

through

non-allergic (adj) /nɒn.əˈlɜːdʒik/ không gây dị ứng

6 Phrases and structures

to take advantage of st tận dụng, lợi dụng

out of the blue hoàn toàn bất ngờ, ngoài mong đợi

to be in favour of st/ sb ủng hộ

to move on to st chuyển sang (ý khác, mục khác)

to get back to the point trở lại vấn đề, trở lại ý chính

GRAMMAR REVIEW 4 – PAST SIMPLE AND PAST CONTINUOUS

EXPLANATIONS

1 The past simple is used to describe finished actions and event in the past

 The standard of living in Europe went up during the 1970s

 Did you solve that problem at last week’s meeting?

Note: The simple past is often used with expressions that refer to points of time in the

past The following are common expressions and prepositions used with the pastsimple

at 6 o’clock/ the end of the year/ Christmas …

on Tuesday, 20th May/ New Year’s Day …

no preposition yesterday/ yesterday morning/ last Monday/ a few days ago/the day

before yesterday/ when I was young …

2 The past continuous is used to describe actions in progress in the past It givesinformation about the background situation

 He was working on that project all last week.

 They were having a lot of problems with their new product last year.

3 Past continuous used with past simple

We use the past continuous to describe an event which was in progress when itwas interrupted by another one The second, shorter event is in the past simple

 When Peter was packing his suitcase, the phone rang.

 While we were talking about the new contract, Silvia entered the room.

4 Participle clauses are introduced by the time expressions before, after and while They have the same subject as the following clause.

 After carrying out a lot of market research, the company decided to

launch their new shampoo.

 While looking for her passport, she happened to see her old picture.

5 The past simple is also used to describe past habits or states A time expression

is usually necessary

 He always went to work at 6.30AM in those days (habit)

 James worked as a manger for IBM for 5 years (state)

6 The past continuous and past simple are used to make polite requests

There is no idea of past time here The past verb form is a polite formula andmakes the request less direct

 I was wondering if you could help me with that report.

 I was hoping you to join us at the club tonight.

FOCUS EXERCISES

I Put each verb in bracket into either past simple or past continuous.

1 When Smith (wake up)………, we (tell) ……… him thenews

2 Everyone (wait) ……… for the meeting to begin when a client (arrive)

………

3 Janet (want) ………a relaxing holiday, so she (choose) ………

to stay on a small island

4 When Robert (study) ……… in Austria, his parents (phone)

……… him every week

5 He (find) ……… his incomplete report while he (look for)

……… his passport

6 While Charles (live) ……… in Europe, he (work) ……… for a

French firm

7 At first, they (do) ………a lot of market research, then, they (decide)

……… to re-launch that product

8 He (object) ……… to the plan because he (not think) ……… it

see change launch become teach

………American shopping in the late 19th and early 20th centuries ‘He (16)

………… the future in a concrete way before anyone else (17) ………….’, saysBrad Silverberg, co-founder of the Seattle-based venture capital firm ‘He has donemore than anyone else in the world to change everyone’s buying habits People go

to the web and buy stuff because of Jeff Bezos He (18) ………… a householdword – that’s an amazing accomplishment.’ To many, Bezos will always remain theman who (19)………….the world to shop online

III Sentence building.

20 When/ he/ be/ 20/, he/work/ an editor/ a famous newspaper/ for/ 8 months/./

……….21.They/ fail/ see/ gap/ in/ market/ so/ they/ miss/ a great opportunity

………22.In1891/ when/ American farmers/ complain/ high prices/ in shops/ in thecountryside/ Richard Sears/ have /idea

………23.Sears/ be/ an agent/ of/ a railway company/ and/ at that time/ he/ sell/ watches/ hispartner

………24.His idea/ be/ use/ the new railway system/ post office/ create/ a new way/ selling:mail order

………

IV Rewrite the sentences beginning as shown.

25.Norman collected the parcel, Norman realized that it was the wrong one

After………26.Jack left the office before I arrived there

Jack had already………27.I have been working for this company since 2004

I started…… ………28.They had an exciting idea and they decided to exhibit at the Inventor’s Fair

As……… 29.I didn’t visit the Essonne production plant last Thursday as the productionmanager was away on business until the end of that week

I had to……… ……….………

V Each sentence below has one mistake, find the mistakes and correct it

30.The marketing department hold a meeting last week to discuss their new strategy

……….…

31.Z40, the new drug was developed by Pharmatek, marked a breakthrough in thetreatment of cancer.

……….………

32.Zirkon already made good profits when it introduced its new digital camera in2000

……… ………33.I am planning to visit the International Inventor’s Fair, but I did not have time

……… …34.The story goes that he was having the idea for electric shoebrush while he waswashing up

……… ………

Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese:

1 People with new ideas tend to be both illogical and contradictory.Explaining his discovery of relativity, Einstein said: "I just ignored an axiom."Nothing defines creativity better than the ability to defeat habit by originality Thereseems to be a physiological source for new ideas

2 The generation of ideas is now the most important economicobjective But unfortunately for conventional businesses, the people best able togenerate them are unpredictable, quixotic and generally unsuited to a formal businessenvironment

3 The word “idea” is being used when we engage one another in thediscussion of ideas In order for a discussion between two or more persons to occur,they must be engaged in talking to one another about something that is a commonobject of their conjoined apprehension They do not have a common object todiscuss if each of them is speaking only of his own ideas in the subjective sense ofthe term

Unit 5: STRESS

A.Glossary

Part 1: Starting up & Listening

Queue (v) /kjuː/ : Xếp hang: to wait in a line of people, often to buy something (be) stuck in a traffic jam : bị tắc đường

Hairdresser (n) /ˈheəˌdres.ə r / : Thợ làm đầu: a person who cuts people's hair and puts it into a style, usually working in a special shop, called a hairdresser's

Gardening (n) /ˈgɑː.d ə n.ɪŋ/ : Làm vườn: the job or activity of working in a

garden, growing and taking care of the plants, and keeping it attractive

Meditate (v) /ˈmed.ɪ.teɪt/ : Thiền: to think calm thoughts in order to relax or as a

religious activity

Surf (the Net) /sɝːf/ : Lướt mạng: to spend time visiting a lot of websites

- to ride on a wave as it comes towards land, while standing or lying on a special board

a pay rise /peɪ raɪz/ : : Tăng lương: an increase in the fixed amount of money you

earn for doing your job

Severe (adj) /sɪˈvɪə r / : Nghiêm trọng: causing very great pain, difficulty, worry,

damage, etc; very serious

- extreme or very difficult

Vulnerable (adj) /ˈvʌl.n ə r.ə.bl  ̩/ : Có thể bị tổn thương: able to be easily physically, emotionally, or mentally hurt, influenced or attacked

Pressure (n): /ˈpreʃ.ə r / : Sức ép: the force you produce when you press something Cope with (v): /kəʊp/ : Đương đầu với: to deal successfully with a difficult situation

Assessment (n) /əˈses.mənt/ : Sự đánh giá, ước định: when you judge or decide the amount, value, quality or importance of something, or the judgment or decision that is made

Part 2: Vocabulary & discussion

Workaholic (n) /ˌwɜː.kəˈhɒl.ɪk/ : a person who works a lot of the time and finds it difficult not to work

Workload (n) /ˈwɜːk.ləʊd/ : Khối lượng công việc: the amount of work to be done,

especially by a particular person or machine in a period of time

Lifestyle (n) /ˈlaɪf.staɪl/ : Lối sống: someone's way of living; the things that a person

or particular group of people usually do

Flexitime (n) /ˈflek.si.taɪm/ : Hệ thống giờ giấc linh hoạt: a system of working in

which people work a set number of hours within a fixed period of time, but can change the time they start or finish work

Deadline (n): /ˈded.laɪn/ : Hạn chót: a time or day by which something must be done

Librarian (n) /laɪˈbreə.ri.ən/ : Thủ thư: a person who works in a library

Miner (n) /ˈmaɪ.nə r / : Thợ mỏ: a person who works in a mine

Stockbroker (n) /ˈstɒkˌbrəʊ.kə r / : Người môi giới chứng khoán: a person or

company that buys and sells stocks and shares for other people

Diplomat (n) /ˈdɪp.lə.mæt/ : Nhà ngoại giao: an official whose job is to represent

one country in another, and who usually works in an embassy

Vet (n) /vet/ : Bác sỹ thú y: a person with a medical degree trained to take care of the

health of animals

Solicitor (n) /səˈlɪs.ɪ.tə r /: Luật sư: a type of lawyer in Britain and Australia who

is trained to prepare cases and give advice on legal subjects and can represent people

Nursery nurse (n) /ˈnɜː.s ə r.i nɜːs / : Y tá chuyên chăm sóc trẻ nhỏ: a person

who has been trained to take care of young children

Part 3: Reading & Text Bank

Rat race (n) /ræt reɪs / : Sự bon chen: a way of life in modern society, in which

people compete with each other for power and money

Pace (n) /peɪs/ : Tốc độ, nhịp độ: the speed at which someone or something moves,

or with which something happens or changes

Exclusively (adv) /ɪkˈskluː.sɪv.li/ : doc quyền: only

Slow down (v) /sləʊ daʊn/ : Chậm lại : to be less active and relax more

Consultant (n) /kənˈsʌl.t ə nt/ : Nhà tư vấn: someone who advises people on a

particular subject

- UK a specialist (= doctor with special training and knowledge in a particular area ofmedicine)

Project (n) /ˈprɒdʒ.ekt/ : Dự án: a piece of planned work or an activity which is

finished over a period of time and intended to achieve a particular aim

- a study of a particular subject done over a period of time, especially by students

Proposal (n) /prəˈpəʊ.z ə l/ : Đề xuất: a suggestion, sometimes a written one

- an offer of marriage

Supervise (v) /ˈsuː.pə.vaɪz/: Giám sát: to watch a person or activity to make

certain that everything is done correctly, safely, etc

Perk (n) /pɜːk/ : Bổng lộc: an advantage or extra thing, such as money or goods,

which you are given because of your job

Get involved in (v) /ɪnˈvɒlvd/ : Liên quan, dính líu đến: being in a close

relationship with someone

Accidentally (adv) /ˌæk.sɪˈden.t ə l.i/ : Ngẫu nhiên: by chance or by mistake

Psychology (n) /saɪˈkɒl.ə.dʒi/ : Tâm lý học: the scientific study of the way the

human mind works and how it influences behaviour, or the influence of a particular person's character on their behaviour

Psychologist (n) /saɪˈkɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ : Nhà tâm lý học: someone who studies the

human mind and human emotions and behaviour, and how different situations have

an effect on them

Rare (adj) /reə r / : Hiếm: not common; very unusual

- (of meat) not cooked for very long; still red

Valuable (adj) /ˈvæl.jʊ.bl  ̩/ : Có giá trị: worth a lot of money

- Valuable information, advice, etc is very helpful or important

Combination (n) /ˌkɒm.bɪˈneɪ.ʃ ə n/ : Sự kết hợp: the mixture you get when two or

more things are combined

- an arrangement in a different order

- a set of letters or numbers in a particular order which can be used to open some types of locks

Steady (adj): /ˈsted.i/ : Đều đặn: happening in a smooth, gradual and regular way,

not suddenly or unexpectedly

- fixed and not moving or changing suddenly

Progress (n): /ˈprəʊ.gres/ /ˈprɑː-/ noun [ U ] : Sự tiến bộ: movement to

an improved or more developed state, or to a forward position

Contribute st to st (v): /kənˈtrɪb.juːt/: Đóng góp … cho …: to give something,

especially money, in order to provide or achieve something together with other

people

Society (n): /səˈsaɪ.ə.ti/ : Xã hội

Escape (n): /ɪˈskeɪp/ : Sự trốn thoát: when someone succeeds in getting out of a

place or a dangerous or bad situation

Doctorate (n): /ˈdɒk.t ə r.ət/ : Học vị tiến sỹ: the highest degree (= qualification)

from a university

Qualification (n): /ˌkwɒl.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃ ə n/ /; Văn bằng, chứng chỉ: an official record

showing that you have finished a training course or have the necessary skills, etc

Psychotherapist (n): /ˌsaɪ.kəˈθer.ə.pɪst/ : Người chữa bệnh bằng liệu pháp tâm lý: someone who gives people psychotherapy

Raw material (n): /rɑː məˈtɪə.ri.əl/ : nguyen liệu tho

Seriously (adv): /ˈsɪə.ri.ə.sli/ : Nghiêm túc: badly or severely

Consider st/ V-ing: /kənˈsɪd.ə r / : Cân nhắc, tính đến… to spend time thinking

about a possibility or making a decision

- to give attention to a particular subject or fact when judging something else

Turn up (v): /tɜːn/ : Vặn to lên: to use a control to switch a piece of equipment or a

power or water supply on or off, or to increase or reduce what it is producing

Institution (n): /ˌɪn t  .stɪˈtjuː.ʃ ə n/ : Cơ quan, tổ chức: a large and important

organization, such as a university or bank

- a place or building where people are sent to be cared for, especially a hospital or prison

Assess (v): /əˈses/ : Đánh giá: to judge or decide the amount, value, quality or

importance of something

Tackle (v): /ˈtæk.l  ̩/ : Xử trí, giải quyết: to try to deal with something or someone

- (especially in football or hockey ) to try to take the ball from a player in the other

team, or (in rugby or American football) to do this by taking hold of the player and causing them to fall

Slavery (n): /ˈsleɪ.v ə r.i/ : Cảnh nô lệ: the activity of having slaves or the condition

of being a slave

Gadget (n): /ˈgædʒ.ɪt/ : Đồ dùng, đồ vật: small device or machine with a particular

purpose

Part 4: Language review

Appoint (v): /əˈpɔɪnt/ : Bổ nhiệm: to choose someone officially for a job or

responsibility

- to arrange a date or time when a meeting or other event will happen

Dramatically (adv): /drəˈmæt.ɪ.kli/ : Đột ngột: suddenly or obviously

Counselor (n): /ˈkaʊn t  .s ə l.ə r / : Người cố vấn: someone whose job is to help

people choose a job or career

B.Resign (v): /rɪˈzaɪn/ : Từ chức: to give up

PAST SIMPLE a job or position by telling your employer that you are leaving

Expression:

To deal with sb/sthto do business with a person, a company or an organization

To have pressure on somebody ép buộc ai, thuyết phục ai làm gì

To be worth doing st đáng giá, có giá trị

To take part in tham gia

To be under (stress) đang ở trong tình trạng

To stop doing something ngừng, dừng không làm gì

To stop to do something dừng (khi đang làm việc gì) để làm một việc khác

To head toward s trouble đương đầu, đối chọi

To put pressure on sb (to do sth) gây áp lực buộc ai làm gì

To make progress in st đạt được tiến bộ

Grammarvs PRESENT PERFECT

EXPLANATIONS

Structure regular verbs: Ved

- irregular verbs: see → saw;

take → took; sell → sold…

have/ has + PII

(PII: Ved or irregular: see → seen; take

→ taken; sell → sold…)

Usage We use the past simple:

- to talk about a completedaction that happened in the past

• I bought a new car three days ago.

- to refer to a definite moment

or period in the past

• They made the presentation on Monday.

→ not relating to present

We use the present perfect:

- to express an incomplete action thathappened in the past, lasts to presentand may continue to the future (Theexact time it happened is notimportant)

• He has worked as the company’s CEO for two years.

- to show an action with its resultsexisting at present

• The glass is everywhere! Someone has broken the window.

→ relating to present

- to talk about life experiences:

I’ve worked with many companies

when stress was a problem.

yet, already, never, ever

- recently, lately, until now, so far…

- it’s the first / second/ last time + …(SVO)

- since + last week/ yesterday/ SV

(past simple) O…

wasn’t in the office.

• The company decided to

build an assembly plant in

I Put the verbs in brackets in either past simple or present perfect tense.

1 In the UK today, the number of women in work (reach)………nearly 50%

of the working population

2 In the 1970s, new laws (make)……… employers offer women and men

equal pay and condition

3 Several changes in the present law (give)……… women today better

conditions than before

4 Werner (join)……… a large German computer company in 1980 and (work)……… there since then.

5 The company (open)……… two new offices recently.

6 The area of European company law (grow)……… rapidly, especially since the single European market (begin)……… in 1993.

7 Sales of luxury watches (increase)……… dramatically in Vietnam

in the last five years

8 Kanebo (launch)……… a new shampoo last winter and so far their products (account)……… for over 35% of the total market share.

9 The negotiation (start)……… five days ago but no agreement (be reach)………yet.

10 This is the second time we (order)……… from that company and we

are satisfied with its products and services

II Build up complete sentences with suggested words.

1 In your life/ how/ different countries/ you/ live in?

IV Find and correct the mistake in each sentence

1 I worked for Microsoft since last summer

Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese:

1 We generally use the word "stress" when we feel that everything seems to have

become too much - we are overloaded and wonder whether we really can cope withthe pressures placed upon us Anything that poses a challenge or a threat to our well-being is a stress Some stresses get you going and they are good for you - without anystress at all many say our lives would be boring and would probably feel pointless.However, when the stresses undermine both our mental and physical health they arebad In this text we shall be focusing on stress that is bad for you

4 The way you respond to a challenge may also be a type of stress Part of yourresponse to a challenge is physiological and affects your physical state When facedwith a challenge or a threat, your body activates resources to protect you - to eitherget away as fast as you can, or fight If you are upstairs at home and an earthquakestarts, the faster you can get yourself and your family out the more likely you are all

to survive If you need to save somebody's life during that earthquake, by lifting aheavy weight that has fallen on them during the earthquake, you will needcomponents in your body to be activated to give you that extra strength - that extrapush

5 Most of us have varying interpretations of what stress is about and whatmatters Some of us focus on what happens to us, such as breaking a bone or getting apromotion, while others think more about the event itself What really matters are ourthoughts about the situations in which we find ourselves

Unit 6: ENTERTAINING

Glossary

Part 1: Starting up & Listening

Entertain (v): /en.təˈteɪn/ : Thết đãi: to keep a group of people interested or

enjoying themselves

Historic site (n): /hɪˈstɒr.ɪk saɪt / : Di tích lịch sử

Venue (n): /ˈven.juː/ : the place where a public event or meeting happens

Nơi hẹn gặp

Taste (v): /teɪst/ : Nếm, thử: to put food or drink in your mouth to find out what

flavour it has

Continent (n): /ˈkɒn.tɪ.nənt/ : Lục địa: one of the seven large land masses on the

Earth's surface, surrounded, or mainly surrounded, by sea and usually consisting of various countries

AGM (Annual general meeting): Hội nghị toàn thể hàng năm

Turn up (v) /tɜːn/ : Đến, xuất hiện

to use a control to switch a piece of equipment or a power or water supply off, or to increase or reduce what it is producing

Take up one’s invitation: /ˌɪn.vɪˈteɪ.ʃ ə n/ : Nhận lời mời

Turn down one’s invitation : Từ chối lời mời

Part 2: Vocabulary

Aperitif (n): /əˌper.ɪˈtiːf/ noun [ C ] : Rượu khai vị : an alcoholic drink,

especially one which is drunk before a meal

Would you like an aperitif before dinner?

Elegant (adj): /ˈel.ɪ.g ə nt/ : Thanh lịch, tao nhã: graceful and attractive in

appearance or behaviour

Exclusive (adj): /ɪkˈskluː.sɪv/ : Độc đáo : limited to only one person or group of

people

- expensive and only for people who are rich or of a high social class

Exotic (adj): /ɪgˈzɒt.ɪk/ : ở nước ngoài đưa vào/ kỳ lạ: unusual and often exciting

because of coming (or seeming to come) from a far, especially tropical country

exotic flowers/food/designs

Cosy (adj): /ˈkəʊ.zi/ : ấm cúng, thoải mái, dễ chịu: comfortable and pleasant,

especially (of a building) because small and warm

Dessert (n) : /dɪˈzɜːt/ : Món tráng miệng: sweet food eaten at the end of a meal Desert (n) : /ˈdez.ət/ : Sa mạc : an area, often covered with sand or rocks, where

there is very little rain and not many plants

Taste (v): /teɪst/ : Có vị: 1 to put food or drink in your mouth to find out what

flavour it has

Part 3: Reading & Text Bank

Jet fighter (n): /dʒet ˈfaɪ.tə r / : Máy bay chiến đấu phản lực: a small fast

military aircraft used for chasing and destroying enemy aircraft

Thrill (n): /θrɪl/ : Cảm giác mạnh: a feeling of extreme excitement, usually

caused by something pleasant

Canapé (n): /ˈkæn.ə.peɪ/ : Bánh dùng chung với thức uống tại một bữa tiệc:

a small thin biscuit or piece of bread which has savoury food on top, such as cheese, fish or meat, and is served with drinks, especially at a party

Hospitality (n): /ˌhɒs.pɪˈtæl.ə.ti/ : Lòng mến khách: when people are friendly

and welcoming to guests and visitors

(be) reminiscent of: /ˌrem.ɪˈnɪs ə nt/ : Gợi nhớ lại: making you remember a

particular person, event or thing

Authentic (adj): /ɔːˈθen.tɪk/ : Thật, xác định: If something is authentic, it is real,

true, or what people say it is

Trek (n): /trek/ : Hành trình bằng xe bò: to walk a long distance, usually over

land such as hills, mountains or forests

Antarctica (n): /ænˈtɑːk.tɪ.kə/ : Nam cực

Come up with (v): Nảy ra, nảy sinh (suy nghĩ)

Yacht (n): /jɒt/ : Thuyền buồm nhẹ: a boat with sails and sometimes an engine,

used for either racing or travelling on for pleasure

Ultimate (adj): /ˈʌl.tɪ.mət/ : Cơ bản, chủ yếu/ lớn nhất: most extreme or important

because either the original or final, or the best or worst

Incentive (n): /ɪnˈsen.tɪv/ : Sự khuyến khích: something which encourages a person

to do something

Charter (v): /ˈtʃɑː.tə r / : Thuê: to rent a vehicle, especially an aircraft, for a

special use and not as part of a regular service

Charter (n): /ˈtʃɑː.tə r /: the renting of a vehicle : Hợp đồng thuê tầu

Self-contained (adj): /ˌself.kənˈteɪnd/ : Độc lập, tự túc: containing or having

everything that is needed within itself

- describes someone who does not have a large number of relationships with other

people or does not depend on others for support

Amenity (n): /əˈmiː.nɪ.ti/ : Tiện nghi: something, such as a swimming pool or

shopping centre, that is intended to make life more pleasant or comfortable for the people in a town, hotel or other place

Expertise (n): /ˌek.spɜːˈtiːz/ : Sự thành thạo, tài chuyên môn: a high level of

knowledge or skill

Telecommunication (n): /ˌtel.ɪ.kəˌmjuː.nɪˈkeɪ.ʃ ə nz/ : Truyền thông: the sending

and receiving of messages over distance, especially by telephone, radio and television

Motor (n): /ˈməʊ.tə r / : Ôtô: MAINLY UK OLD-FASHIONED a car

Blue-chip (adj): /ˈbluː.tʃɪp/ : Bảo đảm chắc chắn (nói về đầu tư cổ phần): A

blue-chip company or investment is one that can be trusted and is not likely to fail

Appeal to (v): /əˈpiːl/ : Thu hút: to interest or attract someone

Match (v): /mætʃ/ : Sánh được; làm cho hợp: to be as good as someone or

something else

- If two colours, designs or objects match, they are similar or look attractive together

Tournament (n) : /ˈtʊə.nə.mənt/ : Cuộc đấu: a competition for teams or

single players in which a series of games is played, and the winners of each game play against each other until only one winner is left

Feature (v) : /ˈfiː.tʃə r / Là nét cơ bản của; đề cao : a typical quality or an

important part of something

Enhance (v) : /ɪnˈhɑːn t  s/ : Nâng cao: to improve the quality, amount or strength of

something

Splash (v) : /splæʃ/ : Gây chú ý (bằng cách khoe của): to print or show something

in a very noticeable way

Part 4: Language review

Particle (n) : /ˈpɑː.tɪ.kl  ̩/ : Tiểu từ (mạo từ, phó từ, giới từ) : a word or a part

of a word which has a grammatical purpose but often has little or no meaning

Part 5: Skills

Trepidation (n): /ˌtrep.ɪˈdeɪ.ʃ ə n/ : Sự lo lắng: fear or worry about what is going to

happen

Essential (n): /ɪˈsen t  ʃ ə l/ : Yếu tố cần thiết: necessary; needed

Delegate (n): /ˈdel.ɪ.gət/ : Người đại diện, đại biểu: a person chosen or elected by a

group to speak, vote, etc for them, especially at a meeting

Split up/ off (v): /splɪt/ : to (cause to) divide into two or more parts, especially along

a particular line Tách ra

Reckon (v) : /ˈrek ə n/ : Cho là, nghĩ là/ đoán : to think or believe

Shuttle (n) : /ˈʃʌt.l  ̩/ : Hệ thống giao thông tuyến đường ngắn: a vehicle or aircraft

that travels regularly between two places

Disastrous (a): /dɪˈzɑː.strəs/ : Tai hại: extremely bad or unsuccessful

Recap (v): /ˈriː.kæp/ : Tóm tắt lại: to repeat the main points of an explanation or

description

Intensive (adj): /ɪnˈten t  .sɪv/ : Sâu sắc/ tập trung, chuyên sâu: involving a lot of

effort or activity in a short period of time

Dull (v): /dʌl/ : Làm buồn nản: not interesting or exciting in any way; boring

C.Grammar

PHRASAL VERBS (multi-word verbs)

Group1: no object – verb and up, on, etc can’t be separated.

Come on! Hurry up! We’re late.

The plane took off two hours late.

Go away and never come back!

Group2: with object – verb and up, on, etc can’t be separated.

I’m looking for my keys (NOT I’m looking my keys for)

I asked for chicken, not steak.

I’m looking forward to the meeting.

Group3: with object – verb and up, on, etc can be separated.

Please switch off your phone / Please switch your phone off.

They’ve set up a new company / They’ve set a new company up

Can you fill in this form, please? / Can you fill this form in, please?

* A phrasal verb is a verb combined with a particle (= an adverb or preposition).

* Sometimes the meaning of the phrasal verb is obvious from the verb and the

particle, e.g sit down, come back.

* Sometimes the meaning is not obvious, e.g give up smoking (= stop smoking), carry on talking (= continue talking).

* In group 3, where the verb and particle can be separated, if the object is a pronoun,

it must go between the verb and particle

Switch it off NOT Switch of it.

Set it up NOT Set up it

* Sometimes a phrasal verb has more than one meaning, e.g The plane took off He took off his shoes.

D Furthur practice for more advanced students

Choose the best particle to complete the sentences: in (2), down, off (3), up (5), out

(5), for, into, back (3)

1 When I go to a restaurant I always ask …………something low fat.

2 I often eat …………with partners at local restaurants.

3 When we have an argument we always make …………quickly.

4 Take the camera …………to the shop and get your money …………

5 I took some money …………of a cash machine.

6 I organized a seminar but only a few people turned …………

7 We set …………early and caught the 6 a.m train.

8 The plane took …………and soon I was looking down on London.

9 I picked …………my suitcase and follow the ‘Exit’ signs.

10.A taxi picked me …………and took me to the airport.

11.I checked …………at the airport and got my boarding pass.

12.We were talking on the phone but suddenly she hung…………

13.If he’s not at home, I’ll call …………later.

14.I think people should switch ………… their mobiles in restaurants.

15.Slow …………! You’re driving too fast.

16.I complained and the company tried to sort ………the problem.

17.I bumped …………an old colleague in the street yesterday.

18.Look …………! There’s car coming!

19.He can’t go to the concert It’s sold …………

20.Where can I plug …………my computer?

Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese:

1 Entertainment is an action, event or activity that aims to entertain, amuse and interest an audience The audience may have a passive role, as

in the case of persons watching a play or opera, a television show or a movie, or active, as in the case of a video game

2 Entertainment can attract an audience and influence their actions and thoughts With respect to those participating in them, active forms of amusement, such as sports, are more often considered to be recreation Activities such as personal reading or practicing a musical instrumet are considered to be

hobbies or pastimes

3 Entertainment may also provide fun, enjoyment and

laughter The industry that provides entertainment is called the entertainment

industry There are many forms of entertainment for example: cinema, theatre, sports,