Bộ sách Scott Foresman reading street grade 5 advance gồm các quyển sau: 5.1.1 This Is the Way We Go to School 5.1.2 Forecasting the Weather (Earth Science) 5.1.3 Harvesting Medicine on the Hill 5.1.4 African American Athletes (Social Studies) 5.1.5 The Land of Opportunity (Social Studies) 5.2.1 When the Disaster Is Over (Social Studies) 5.2.2 A Safe Heaven (Social Studies) 5.2.3 Making Friends in Mali 5.2.4 Saving Endangered Species (Life Science) 5.2.5 The National Guard Modern Minutemen (Social Studies) 5.3.1 The Patent Process (Social Studies) 5.3.2 The Inspiration of Art (Social Studies) 5.3.3 Whats New with Dinosaur Fossils (Life Science) 5.3.4 Music Gets the Blues (Social Studies) 5.3.5 Hollywood Special Effects (Social Studies) 5.4.1 Cheaper, Faster, Better Recent Technological Innovations (Social Studies) 5.4.2 Feel, Think, Move (Life Science) 5.4.3 A Home for Humans in Outer Space Is It Possible? (Space and Technology) 5.4.4 Nathaniel Comes to Town 5.4.5 What Makes Great Athletes? (Social Studies) 5.5.1 The Sandwich Brigade 5.5.2 Inventions from Space Travel (Space and Technology) 5.5.3 Astronauts and Cosmonauts (Space and Technology) 5.5.4 The Shaping of the Continents (Earth Science) 5.5.5 Journey to Statehood (Social Studies) 5.6.1 Oceans of Resources (Social Studies) 5.6.2 MixedUp Vegetables (Life Science) 5.6.3 From Salt to Silk Precious Goods (Social Studies) 5.6.4 Flying into the 21st Century 5.6.5 Unexpected Music (Social Studies)
Trang 1Suggested levels for Guided Reading, DRA, ™
Lexile, ® and Reading Recovery ™ are provided
in the Pearson Scott Foresman Leveling Guide.
ISBN 0-328-13588-7
ì<(sk$m)=bdfiic< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U
Genre Comprehension
Skills and Strategy Text Features Narrative
nonfi ction
• Fact and Opinion
• Setting
• Ask Questions
• Captions
• Glossary
• Maps
Scott Foresman Reading Street 5.6.4
by Gail K Gordon
Flying into the 21st Century
Flying into the 21st Century
Suggested levels for Guided Reading, DRA, ™
Lexile, ® and Reading Recovery ™ are provided
in the Pearson Scott Foresman Leveling Guide.
ISBN 0-328-13588-7
ì<(sk$m)=bdfiic< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U
Genre Comprehension
Skills and Strategy Text Features Narrative
nonfi ction
• Fact and Opinion
• Setting
• Ask Questions
• Captions
• Glossary
• Maps
Scott Foresman Reading Street 5.6.4
by Gail K Gordon
Flying into the 21st Century
Flying into the 21st Century
Trang 2Statement of fact: How does my opinion
differ from the fact?
My opinion:
Reader Response
1 Look back at this book and find three statements of
fact Then write a sentence giving an opinion based
on each of the facts Explain how your opinions differ from each statement of fact Use a graphic organizer like this one
2 What kinds of questions would you ask before
purchasing a ticket for one of the early space tourist flights? Why?
3 Review this book and make a list of five words that
were unfamiliar to you Use context clues to predict their meanings Then look them up in the dictionary if they are not in the glossary and record the definitions
Did the context surrounding the unfamiliar word help you?
4 In your opinion, would taking one of the first trips
into space be worthwhile? What might you gain from it?
Editorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois • Parsippany, New Jersey • New York, New York Sales Offices: Needham, Massachusetts • Duluth, Georgia • Glenview, Illinois
Coppell, Texas • Ontario, California • Mesa, Arizona
Flying into the 21st Century
by Gail K Gordon
Flying into the 21st Century
Trang 3Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for
photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to
correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.
Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman,
a division of Pearson Education.
Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R),
Background (Bkgd)
Opener (T) ©George Hall/Corbis, Opener (B) ©Gene Blevins/Corbis; 1 ©Nancy Ney/
Corbis; 3 ©Bettmann/Corbis; 5 ©Gabe Palmer/Corbis; 6 ©Ralf-Finn Hestoft/Corbis;
7 ©Reuters/Corbis; 8 (T)©George Hall/Corbis; 11 ©Matthew Polak/Corbis; 12 Susan
J.Carlson; 14 (T) ©Clayton J Price/Corbis, 14 (B) ©Gabe Palmer/Corbis; 16 ©Gene
Blevins/Corbis
ISBN: 0-328-13588-7
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc
All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America This publication is
protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher
prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission
in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
likewise For information regarding permission(s), write to: Permissions Department,
Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
3
The First Airplane Passenger
The Wright brothers may have invented the airplane, but it was a friend of theirs who opened the era for airplane passengers Charley Furnas, a mechanic by profession, was an airplane enthusiast who enjoyed assisting the Wrights in his spare time
In 1908, the brothers worked on building an airplane that could carry a pilot and one passenger to fulfill
a U.S Army request At first, they used a sandbag in the new passenger seat to see how the weight of a passenger might affect the flight
Finally, on May 14, 1908, the famous brothers were ready to carry their first real passenger They decided to thank Furnas for all his help by giving him the honor Furnas flew a distance of 800 feet with Wilbur Wright at the controls, and he then went on
a two-mile flight with Orville Although he didn’t go very far and carried no baggage or ticket, Charley Furnas will always be the first American air passenger
Trang 4Preparing for the Flight
Air travel has changed a lot in the nearly one
hundred years since Charley Furnas first flew Come
find out what air travel is like today by following our
imaginary 21st-century traveling family, the Garcías,
on an airplane voyage
Grandma García, Mom, Dad, and their
12-year-old son Charlie live in Chicago, Illinois Today they’re
catching an airline flight to Denver, Colorado Of
course, they could drive, but that would mean more
than fifteen hours of travel time each way They
only have a few days to spend on this trip Taking a
commercial airliner from one airport to the other is
the best way for the Garcías to get where they want
to go in the time they have
While they are traveling together, each member
of the García family has a different reason for going
to Denver Grandma will visit her sister Mother is on
a business trip, and Father wants to see his brother
Charlie wants to spend a day at a park he’s read
about Like most people, the Garcías fly for business,
to see family, and to enjoy leisure time
Travelers rarely go to a travel agent just to buy airline tickets anymore.
5
Grandma remembers the days before personal computers and buying tickets over the phone with a credit card She tells Charlie that you used to go to
the office of a travel agent to buy airline tickets For
this trip, she bought the airline tickets for the family
on the airline’s Web site using her computer Unlike years ago, the Garcías don’t have paper tickets they might lose or forget at home The airline issued them electronic tickets, or e-tickets, instead The online reservation was registered, and when the family arrives at the airport, they will print out their own boarding passes Before they left home, the Garcías used their home computer to check the weather in Denver and monitor their flight status The airline’s Web site told them that their flight is scheduled to leave on time
Trang 5Would you rather serve yourself at the kiosk,
or wait in line for an agent?
6
A neighbor drove the family from their home to
an airport in Chicago They arrive at the airline’s
passenger and baggage check-in counter more than
an hour before their flight Since the Garcías have
e-tickets, they can use a self-service kiosk to check
themselves in and print out boarding passes
Grandma first slides in the credit card she bought
the tickets with as identification The García’s flight
information appears on the screen Grandma checks
that it’s correct and enters in that they have two
bags to check An airline agent takes the family’s two
suitcases He attaches tags that are marked “DEN,”
the symbol for Denver’s airport, and puts the
luggage on a conveyor belt that will take the bags to
a screening area There the luggage will be X-rayed
and perhaps searched by hand The luggage
screeners make sure that there are no explosives or
other harmful materials in baggage
7
Security checks take time, but they make air travel safer.
Then the Garcías proceed to the security checkpoint There, each person presents a picture
ID with a boarding pass to a security agent All the family’s carry-on items—laptop computers, purses, backpacks full of snacks and magazines, and even coats and jackets—must be checked before the family can go to the boarding gate A conveyer belt moves these carry-on items through an X-ray machine that allows security personnel to see inside everything If a pocketknife, pair of scissors,
or anything else is found that’s disallowed on an
airplane, the security workers confiscate it
The Garcías then each take turns walking through a metal detector This prevents someone from boarding the plane with a gun, knife, or other weapon on their person When Dad goes through, the metal detector beeps loudly! An agent asks him to empty his pockets into a bin After fishing out his keys and placing them in the container, Dad successfully passes through the metal detector on his second try
Trang 6After going through security, the Garcías check
one of the monitors that lists the departure times of
flights and their gate numbers If a flight is delayed
or canceled, that information will appear on the
monitor Gate changes appear on the monitors as
well The Garcías’ flight is still on time
By the time the Garcías walk to the gate, an
airline agent is already giving instructions on how
to board the plane Grandma remembers having
to walk outside to board a plane The passengers
walked across the tarmac—no matter the weather—
and up a flight of portable stairs that had been
rolled into place to allow access to the door Today
the Garcías simply walk through a jetway, an
enclosed tunnel, to board the airplane Once inside,
they find their seats, stow their carry-on items, and
settle in for the flight
9
Take-Off!
The Garcías are traveling in a mid-sized commercial jet Charlie can see part of the jet engine outside his window Grandma can remember taking flights on planes that had propellers instead of jet engines In fact, many smaller planes that fly short routes still have propellers The ride is much noisier
on those planes!
As the jet taxis down the runway, a flight
attendant directs the passengers’ attention to the several small television monitors that slowly drop down from the ceiling A video explaining the operation of the seatbelts, the exits, and the emergency breathing equipment begins Grandma reminds Charlie that it wasn’t long ago that the flight attendants themselves would instruct the passengers On some planes, they still do When the video is complete, Charlie pulls a folder from his seat pocket It shows diagrams that explain how the emergency exits and other safety equipment work
As the jet gains speed for take-off, Charlie feels pushed back into his seat This feeling increases as the jet leaves the ground and climbs at a steep angle into the sky Once the plane stops its steep ascent, Charlie feels pretty normal He does feel some pressure in his ears, like when swimming underwater
A big yawn gets rid of it Soon, the pilot comes on the intercom and tells the passengers that the plane
has reached its cruising altitude He adds that the
flight will last two hours and should reach Denver on time
Trang 7Cruising
The pilot is speaking from the commercial jet’s
cockpit The pilot and co-pilot are surrounded
by brightly lit panels that display essential data
The crew in the cockpit can see up-to-the-second
information on the aircraft’s altitude and speed, how
much fuel it’s using, its orientation in relation to the
horizon, cabin air pressure, exterior temperature
and wind speed, and more In fact, much of the
navigation of today’s commercial jets is automated
Based on flying conditions, the plane is programmed
with the best route to get it from its point of
departure to its arrival point Of course, the crew is
trained to take over manual control of the plane if
that’s necessary
The route the Garcías are flying today is an
often-traveled one These set air routes are called airways,
and they have a designated miles-wide width and
a particular altitude This means that jets flying
along airways can cross each other just as elevated
highways cross lower-lying roadways Charlie looks
out of the small window at the blue sky above
the layer of clouds He looks for other planes, but
doesn’t see any
11
Soon the flight attendants are in the aisles, serving beverages and snack packets to the passengers The Garcías and the other passengers sip their drinks, nibble their snacks, and settle in for what looks to be a smooth flight The pilot has
announced that no turbulence is anticipated during
the flight Mother pulls down the tray table in front
of her, sets up her laptop computer, and works on a report Father tilts back his seat, puts on earphones plugged into the seat’s armrest, and closes his eyes
as he listens to music Grandma makes a quick phone call to her sister, using the phone on the seat back
in front of her Charlie starts to flip through the magazine he brought Then the small television monitors drop out of the ceiling again Charlie looks for the earphones in his seat pocket as Grandma tells him that when she was a young woman, they didn’t have movies, music, and telephones on airplanes
After watching the inflight programming, Charlie notices that the plane is slowly descending He looks out the window as the plane breaks through a cloud layer Charlie can see the ground far below At first,
he can’t make out many details, but eventually he sees farms, towns, and highways As the plane nears Denver’s airport, Charlie can count the number of swimming pools in a suburban neighborhood
Trang 80A /C
!,!3+!
( !7! ) )
2533)!
#!.!$!
%ASTERN
#ENTRAL -OUNTAIN 0ACIFIC
!LASKA
4)-%
12
Landing
As they circle above the airport, the captain
comes back on the intercom He tells the passengers
that they’ll be landing in a few minutes, at 2:35 P.M.,
local time Charlie looks at his watch It says 3:30
Grandma notices Charlie’s confused look She
reminds him that Denver is in the Mountain time
zone It is an hour earlier than Chicago’s Central time
zone They both smile as they reset their watches
The flight attendants walk up and down the aisle,
preparing the passengers for landing Passengers
are reminded to buckle their seatbelts, turn off their
computers and other electronic devices, and put
their tray tables and seatbacks up It’s time to land
the airliner
In the cockpit, the crew is also preparing to
land They’re communicating with the air traffic
5 ) 4 % $
3 4 ! 4 % 3
CIFIC CEAN
!TLANTIC /CEAN
'ULF -EXICO
# ! ! $ !
- % 8 ) # /
13
controllers in the tower at the airport Air traffic control plays a crucial role in air travel The people
in the control tower at the airport monitor all the flights departing, arriving, and flying in the airspace around the airport It’s an air traffic controller’s job
to keep aircraft at a safe distance from one another
As the Garcías’ flight begins its approach to the airport, the pilot must follow the directions of the control tower regarding speed, position, and altitude The controllers will direct the pilot to a clear runway The air traffic controllers don’t depend solely on the electronic tracking system They also use binoculars to scan the sky and the runways Once the controllers decide it’s safe, they grant the pilot final clearance to land The Garcías’ airplane safely sets down on the runway, with only a few bumps!
Trang 9After a short taxi, the aircraft comes to a stop
A two-bell signal from the captain alerts everyone
that the plane is safely parked at the gate and that
they are free to unbuckle their seatbelts and gather
their belongings Father pops open the bin above
his seat and grabs his jacket Mother, Grandma, and
Charlie pull their carry-on bags out from under the
seats in front of them They file off the plane and
into Denver’s airport, where signs direct them to
baggage claim At the carousel in the baggage claim
area, they’ll pick up their checked luggage It’s been
a smooth flight!
Behind the Scenes
You have read about the airline agents, security
workers, pilots, flight attendants, and air traffic
controllers who worked to make the Garcías’ flight
run smoothly These are not the only people who
helped the family get from Chicago to Denver,
however When the Garcías’ flight landed in Denver,
a whole crew of workers were waiting for it at its
assigned gate
15
Baggage handlers were there to open the cargo hold and begin unloading luggage, even before all the passengers had departed from the plane
The baggage handlers sort each piece of checked luggage according to the aiport code on the bag’s luggage tag The tags on the Garcías’ bags say DEN, which means “Denver.” Their luggage was put on a cart and taken to baggage claim inside the Denver airport Other passengers may have been catching flights to different cities, so their bags were sent to the proper airplane and loaded into its cargo hold
The plane on which the Garcías traveled to Denver will probably not stay in Denver In a short time, the plane will be serviced and ready to carry passengers to some other destination A crew of mechanics, cleaners, and other service personnel work quickly to ready the aircraft for its next flight
Mechanics check to make sure the airplane is safe
to fly Workers fill the plane’s fuel tanks Cleaners
go through the cabins, picking up any trash and collecting newspapers, magazines, and other items passengers may have left behind
Soon the plane is ready for another take-off
Other families are ready to board and experience the adventure of modern air travel
Trang 10Air Travel in the Future
What will air travel be like for future passengers?
Do you think you’ll see as much change in air travel
over your lifetime as Charlie’s grandmother has?
Computers will likely play an even bigger role in
future air travel Engineers will depend on computers
to help them design better aircraft Scientists are also
always looking for new materials that will make an
aircraft lighter and stronger Even today, lightweight
materials that will withstand significant heat are
being tested for use in extremely fast-traveling
aircraft
Perhaps the most exciting future possibility is that
someday ordinary people might not only travel in
aircraft, but in spacecraft The first tourist in space
was sixty-year-old Dennis Tito of California He paid
$20 million to fly to the International Space Station
and back in a Russian rocket in 2001 He probably
felt the same kind of excitement that Charlie Furnas
felt in 1908
SpaceShipOne sits atop its carrier plane White Knight.
17
SpaceShipOne
In 2004 Mike Melville brought passenger space travel one step closer to reality As pilot of the revolutionary SpaceShipOne, Melville became the first civilian astronaut to take a private vehicle into space On Melville’s first flight in SpaceShipOne he left Earth’s atmosphere and reached an altitude of sixty-two miles
A private company is already working to build a fleet of SpaceShipOne-type spacecraft The company sees a future when ordinary people—like the
Garcías—will be able to travel into space to pursue science, business, or pleasure
Like SpaceShipOne, proposed passenger spaceships will be carried aloft by a carrier plane that takes off from a regular runway When the flight reaches an altitude of about ten miles, the real countdown to space will begin The craft will separate from the carrier and soar upward into black star-filled space
The first flights will last only a few minutes, but passengers will experience weightlessness and be able to look back at distant Earth