Modern japanese workbook

The Modern Japanese Grammar Workbook is an innovative book of exercises and language tasks for all learners of Japanese. The book is divided into two parts:Section A provides exercises based on essential grammatical structuresSection B practises everyday functions (e.g. making introductions, apologizing, expressing needs).All sentences are written both in Romanization and in the Japanese script and a comprehensive answer key at the back enables the learner to check on their progress.Key features of the book include:Exercises graded on a 3point scale according to their level of difficultyCrossreferencing to the related Modern Japanese GrammarTopical exercises drawn from realistic scenarios to help learners develop their vocabulary and practical communication skillsOpportunities to practise both written and spoken Japanese.Modern Japanese Grammar Workbook is an ideal practice tool for learners of Japanese at all levels. No prior knowledge of grammatical terminology is assumed and it can be used both independently and alongside the Modern Japanese Grammar (ISBN 9780415572019), which is also published by Routledge.

JAPANESE

Grammar

The Modern Japanese Grammar Workbook is an innovative book of exercises and

language tasks for all learners of Japanese The book is divided into two parts:

APOLOGIZING

!LLAprogress

Routledge Modern Grammars

3ERIES

Other books in the series

Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar

Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar Workbook

Modern French Grammar, Second Edition

Modern French Grammar Workbook, Second Edition Modern German Grammar, Second Edition

Modern German Grammar Workbook, Second Edition Modern Italian Grammar, Third Edition

Modern Italian Grammar Workbook, Second Edition Modern Brazilian Portuguese Grammar

Modern Brazilian Portuguese Grammar Workbook

Modern Russian Grammar

Modern Russian Grammar Workbook

Modern Spanish Grammar, Third Edition

Modern Spanish Grammar Workbook, Third Edition

First published 2014

by Routledge

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and by Routledge

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

© 2014 Naomi H McGloin, Mutsuko Endo Hudson, Fumiko Nazikian and Tomomi Kakegawa The right of Naomi H McGloin, Mutsuko Endo Hudson, Fumiko Nazikian and Tomomi Kakegawa to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

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and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

A catalog record for this book has been requested

ISBN: 978-0-415-27093-9 (pbk)

ISBN: 978-0-203-64127-9 (ebk)

Typeset in ITC Stone Serif

by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong

CONTENTS

The Modern Japanese Grammar Workbook IS

COMMANDA4HEYOU

The exercises in the Workbook

COMMUNICATION0ARTPARTICLES MARKERSTOTHINGS SURPRISE

7ITHUNIQUE AUTHORSAREANDWITH

EG

The Workbook

INTERMEDIATEAPROBLEMS

&UMIKO4OMOMI

Notes on romanization

4HE

(PG) and the Modern Japanese Grammar Workbook are slight variants of the

(EPBURN)N

hiragana for i and u

in the Workbook

࣓࣮ࣝ

gooru @GOAL 

4HE'ROVERUNmAGGINGIN2ESEARCH

#REATIVE

Thispageintentionallyleftblank

Part A

Structures

Thispageintentionallyleftblank

ձMy mother is a teacher ղ(She) teaches English at high school

ճ(Her) school is located in Yokohama մ(She) is very busy every day

Example: ձ [Watashi no] senkou wa gendai bungaku desu.

ղ Taitei kantan na kanji ya mijikai hanashi o yomu toki wa jisho o

tsukaimasen ճ Ima, Murakami Haruki ga kaita hon o yonde imasu

մ Mada hayaku yomu koto wa dekimasen ga, totemo omoshiroi to

Anata: Sumimasen Asoko ni ookii tatemono ࠙ձ ga࣭waࠚarimasu

yo ne? Are ࠙ղ ga࣭waࠚnan desu ka.

Tsuukounin: Aa, are ࠙ճ ga࣭waࠚhoteru desu.

Anata: Sou desu ka Ginkou ࠙մ ga࣭waࠚdono tatemono desu ka.

Tsuukounin: Ginkou ࠙յ ga࣭waࠚare desu.

Ako: Nee, kinou katta ichigo ࠙ձ ga࣭waࠚdoko?

Anata: E? Are ࠙ղ ga࣭waࠚzenbu tabechatta kedo?

Ako: Ee? Konban o-kyaku-san ࠙ճ ga࣭waࠚkuru kara, katta noni

Anata: Gomen A, ame ࠙մ ga࣭waࠚfutte kita!

1.4

Match the Japanese sentences with their English equivalents

ձ Ꮚ౪࡟ḷࢆ⪺࠿ࡏࡓࠋKodomo ni uta o kik-ase-ta.

ղ Ꮚ౪࡟ḷࢆ⪺࠿ࡏࡓ࠿ࡗࡓࠋKodomo ni uta o kik-ase-ta-katta.

ճ Ꮚ౪࡟ḷࢆ⪺࠿ࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋKodomo ni uta o kik-are-na-katta.

մ Ꮚ౪࡟ḷࢆ⪺࠿ࡏࡽࢀࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࠋKodomo ni uta o kik-ase-rare-taku-nai յ Ꮚ౪࡟ḷࢆ⪺࠿ࡏࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋKodomo ni uta o kik-ase-rare-nai.

(a) I wanted to have my child hear the song

(b) I cannot have my child hear the song

(c) I do not want to be forced to hear the song by my child

(d) I had my child hear the song

(e) I did not have the song heard by my child (OR I was not heard singing

Introduction: major features of Japanese grammar

What is omitted in the following? The intended meaning is provided in English for each sentence

Anata: Anou, tansan denchi ձ _ arimasen ka.

Ten’in: Moushiwake arimasen, ղ _ ima ճ _ chotto kirashite

Shigeru: Aitsu ձ _, ashita mo jugyou ղ _ saboru no kanaa.

Kei: Iya, ճ _ ashita wa kuru daro, shiken մ _ aru kara.

Shigeru: յ _ kon’ya doko ն _ ikou շ _.

Kei: ո _ doko demo ii yo.

1.6

5 

➪

Pronunciation

How many syllables and moras does the following word consist of?

ᅜ఍㆟஦ᇽ᱌ෆ㸦ࡇࡗ࠿࠸ ࡂࡌ࡝࠺ ࠶ࢇ࡞࠸㸧Kokkai gijidou annai

‘Diet Building Guide’ → syllables; moras

(B)

How do you think the following compounds would be shortened?

Example: ✵㸩࣮࢜ࢣࢫࢺࣛ kara + ookesutora ‘empty + orchestra’

→ ࢝ࣛ࢜ࢣ karaoke ձ ╔ಙ㸩࣓ࣟࢹ࢕ chakushin + merodi ‘incoming + melody (ringtone)’ ղ ࢥࣆ࣮㸩࣮࣌ࢫࢺ kopii + peesuto ‘copy + paste’

ճ ࣐ࢫࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ masu komyunikeeshon ‘mass communication’ մ ࣔࣂ࢖ࣝ㸩ࢤ࣮࣒ mobairu geemu ‘mobile (phone) game’

յ ᑵ⫋㸩άື shuushoku + katsudou ‘job hunting + activities’

2.2

How are the following compounds pronounced as a result of sequential

voicing (rendaku)?

Example: ࡟࡯ࢇ Nihon ‘Japan’ + ࡣࡋ hashi ‘bridge’

→ ࡟࡯ࢇࡤࡋ Nihon-bashi (name of a bridge/an area in Tokyo)

ձ ࠶࠾ ao ‘blue’ + ࡑࡽ sora ‘sky’ →

ղ ࡁࡻ࠺ࡔ࠸ kyoudai ‘sibling’ + ࡅࢇ࠿ kenka ‘fight’ →

ճ ࡦ hi ‘sun’ + ࡜ࡅ࠸ tokei ‘clock’ → (sundial)

մ ࡳ࠿ mika ‘3 days’ + ࡘࡁ tsuki ‘moon’ → (crescent moon)

Indicate the pitch of each mora as high (H) or low (L) paying attention to where the accent of the word is An accent is indicated by an acute mark on

the vowel (á, í, ú, etc.) Note that some words have no accent Ga, which

appears below, is a particle indicating the subject

Example 1: otokó ‘man’ → LHH; otokó + ga → LHHL

Example 2: sakana ‘fish’ → LHH; sakana + ga → LHHH

ձ kása ‘umbrella’ → ; kása + ga →

ղ kao ‘face’ → ; kao + ga →

ճ himáwari ‘sunflower’ → ; himáwari + ga →

մ imoutó ‘younger sister’ → ; imoutó + ga →

2.4

4 

➪

Writing system

Rewrite the following words in hiragana Long vowels are indicated by a

macron on a vowel (â, î, û, etc.) here.

ձ ashiࠉղ umeࠉճ onnaࠉմ obâchanࠉյ kagamiࠉն kekkôࠉշ shûmatsu

3.1, Appendix 1

Rewrite the following words in katakana Long vowels are indicated by a

macron on a vowel (â, î, û, etc.) here.

ձ gitâ ‘guitar’ ; ղ futtobôru ‘football’

; ճ konpyûtâ ‘computer’ ; մ nyan

‘meow’ ; յ sofuto ‘software’ ; ն kinkon

ձKYUUDEN ղKABUNUSHI SOUKAI ճSHUUHEN մde

յDATSU-GENPATSU-HA նga շSHUUKAI ոto չdemo

ձKYUUSHUU ELECTRIC POWER CO ղSTOCKHOLDER GENERAL MEETING ճSURROUNDING AREA մat յDE-NUCLEARIZATION GROUP

ն(particle for subject) շMEETING ոand չdemonstration

De-nuclearization group [held] a meeting and demonstration in the area near the General Meeting for Stockholders of Kyuushuu Electric Power Co.

ձAFTER NUCLEAR PLANT ACCIDENTS ղ(particle for linking)

ճenergy POLICIES մsurround յMAJOR-(inflection) նmoves-(inflection) Major moves surrounding the energy policies after the nuclear plant accidents What are the functions of kanji, katakana, and hiragana, respectively, in these

headlines?

Kanji is used to represent Katakana is used to represent Hiragana is used to represent

3.1, 3.2, 3.3

➪

Words

Read the sentences below describing different word categories, and code them

using ‘J’ for Japanese native words (wago), ‘C’ for words of Chinese origin (kango), ‘F’ for words of other foreign origin ( gairaigo), and ‘M’ for mimetics

(words depicting sounds, states, etc.)

a ( ) They represent basic words, especially those relating to nature and

body parts; e.g yama ‘mountain’ and me ‘eye.’

b ( ) They represent words that came from various languages, other than

those imported from Chinese before modern times

c ( ) Many represent concepts and matters of an abstract, scholarly and

formal nature

d ( ) Most of them have simple sounds such as ou ‘carry on one’s back’ and

kokoro ‘heart, spirit.’

e ( ) Within these words, the same segment is often repeated to represent a

repeated action and prolonged state; e.g suyasuya ‘manner of sleeping peacefully,’ gorogoro ‘sound of thunder.’

f ( ) Many contain one or more complicated sounds such as long vowels

(e.g ê, ô), long consonants (e.g tt, ss), syllable-final nasal (n), and palatals (e.g ky, sh); e.g kekkon ‘marriage,’ ryokô ‘travel,’ gêjutsu

‘art.’

g ( ) Voiced consonants (e.g b, g, z), r, and p rarely occur in initial position

in this type of word

4.1, 4.2

Mark the following descriptions as true (ۑ) or false (™)

a ( ) One would say Nani (‘what’) ga (subject) imasu ka (‘is there?’) to

mean ‘What is there?’ when inquiring about an animal

b ( ) In Japanese, ‘No one is there’ is expressed as Dare ka imasen.

c ( ) Referring to beer, for example, nanbon means ‘how many bottles?,’

and nanbon ka ‘several bottles,’ and nanbon mo ‘many bottles.’

d ( ) Words like dare mo, nani mo, and doko ni mo can be used either in

affirmative or negative sentences

e ( ) Words like nan demo, dare demo and doko demo can only appear

࠺ࡕ࡟᪥ᮏㄒࢆࡶࡗ࡜ヲࡋࡃ▱ࡾࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ

ձWatashi wa kotoshi no kugatsu kara ۑۑDaigaku no daigakuin ni

hairimashita ղSenkou wa Nihongo desu ճShourai daigaku de Nihongo o

oshietai to omotte imasu մNihongo ni kyoumi o motta no wa daigaku

ninensei no toki desu յWatashi no daigaku ni wa ryuugakusei ga oozei

ita no desu ga, նkarera to hanashite iru uchi ni Nihongo o motto

kuwashiku shiritai to omou you ni narimashita.

ձWatashi wa gaikoku ni ryokou suru no ga suki da ղIroiro atarashii

mono o miru no wa hontou ni tanoshii Dakara hima ga aru to ճryokou

o suru Demo, մgaikoku ni itte mendou da to kanjiru shuukan no hitotsu

ni chippu no shuukan ga aru յWatashi wa keisan ga nigate na node, նitsumo kurou suru.

5.2

1 



➪

Register and style

For each of the following sentences, write “S” if it is in spoken style and “W”

[᫬ᕪࡰࡅ jisa boke ‘jet lag’; ఛ࠸ࡲࡍ ukagaimasu ‘to go (humbly)’]

Register and style

Sensei: Sumisu-san, hisashiburi desu ne.

Sumisu: A, sensei, go-busata shite imasu.

Sensei: Itsu kaette kita n desu ka.

Sumisu: Kinou modotte kita bakari desu.

Sensei: Fuun Ja, jisaboke de taihen deshou Ryuugaku wa dou deshita ka Sumisu: Totemo tanoshikatta desu Iroiro Nihon bunka ga taiken dekite

yokatta desu.

Sensei: Sore wa yokatta desu ne Mata kondo hanashi o kikasete kudasai Sumisu: Hai, chikai uchi ni sensei no ofisu ni ukagaimasu.

Sensei: Ja, mata.

Sumisu: Shitsurei shimasu.

h ( ) ࠶ࡢே࡟࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࡋࡽࠋ Ano hito ni dekiru kashira.

6.3

➪

3 

➪

Nouns and noun phrases

Put the words in each set into the correct order to render the equivalents of

the English phrases Insert the particle no where needed.

weitaa ࣭to iu࣭kissaten࣭kanojo ga yoku iku࣭‘Komachi’

the waiter of the coffee shop ‘Komachi,’ where she (my girl friend) often goes

‘Yuzu’ ࣭ryokan࣭yama࣭to iu࣭naka࣭shujin

the owner of the inn called ‘Yuzu,’ which is in the mountains

yuurei ga deru ࣭o-tera ni࣭uwasa࣭aru࣭to iu

the rumor that a ghost appears in a certain temple

Pronouns

Fill in the blanks in the following conversation with appropriate pronouns from the box below, considering the context and the relationships between the speakers

At a job interview [㠃᥋ᐁ mensetsukan ‘interviewer,’ ᛂເ⪅ oubosha

‘applicant,’ 㛗ᡤ chousho ‘strong points’]

ࡀ㛗ᡤ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ

Mensetsukan: no chousho wa nan desu ka.

Oubosha: wa dare to demo umaku yatte ikeru hou na node,

sou iu tokoro ga chousho na no de wa nai ka to omoimasu.

(B)

Reporting to the whole committee after group discussions at work

Kachou: Dono guruupu kara hajimemasu ka.

Hirano: De wa, no guruupu kara hajimetai to omoimasu.

(C)

Shou and Tadashi, both males in their 20s, are very close friends

[㔠Ḟ kinketsu ‘have no money’]

Shou: ima, kinketsu na n da Ichiman’en kashite kure yo.

Tadashi: Iya da yo , kaeshite kureta koto nai n da kara.

8.1

1 

➪

A couple of children and Kana, a woman in her 20s, are talking in a park, and see a man who appears to be in his 40s What do each of the underlined words mean: ‘I/me,’ ‘we/us,’ ‘you (singular),’ ‘you (plural),’ ‘she/her,’ or ‘he/him’?

Kodomo-tachi: ձO-neechan, nani yatte ru no?

Kana: ղO-neechan ne, ima e o kaite ru no.

Kodomo-tachi: Fuun ճBoku-tachi mo e kakeru yo.

Kana: Souo? Ja, kore kashite ageru kara, մboku-tachi mo kaite

yo Kake-tara յo-neechan ni misete ne.

Kodomo-tachi: Ii yo A, ano նojisan, e ga suggoi umai n da yo.

Choose an appropriate pronoun, considering the meaning of the sentence

Tomoki wa ࠙boku࣭jibun࣭kareࠚno koto o hansamu da to omotte iru.

Tomoki thinks he ( = Tomoki) is handsome.

Chichi to haha wa ࠙o-tagai࣭jibun࣭kare-raࠚo shinrai shi-atte iru.

My father and mother trust each other.

࠙Anata-gata࣭jibun-tachi࣭o-tagaiࠚo semeru no wa yoshinasai.

Stop blaming each other.

Demonstratives (ko-so-a(-do)

words)

At a party Mr Arita, the host, introduces Mr Tanaka of Tokyo Bank to

Mr Hayashi of Oosaka Motors Complete the dialogues

Tanaka: Tanaka Ichirou to moushimasu

Douzo yoroshiku o-negai shimasu.

Hayashi: Oosaka Mootaazu no Hayashi Daisuke desu Douzo yoroshiku Arita: Ja, ղ        (‘This way, please’)

Hayashi: E? ճ        (‘which person?’)

Arita: մ        hito desu (‘that person over there with glasses on’)

Hayashi: Aa, shitte imasu.

Anata: Jaa, յ chiisai kamera wa ikura desu ka.

Ten’in: ն kamera wa 20,000 en desu.

Anata: Jaa, շ o kudasai.

9.1.1, 9.2

2 

➪

Ropesu: Ohayou gozaimasu.

Takahashi: Ohayou gozaimasu Ropesu-san wa itsumo hayai desu nee Ropesu: Ee, maiasa rokuji 㸦 ձ 㸧okimasu.

Takahashi: Sou desu ka Kore kara daigaku 㸦 ղ 㸧iku n desu ka.

Ropesu: Ee, eki 㸦 ճ 㸧aruite, soko kara densha㸦 մ 㸧ikimasu.

Takahashi: Sou desu ka Densha 㸦 յ 㸧nottara, ki㸦 ն 㸧tsukete kudasai

ne Tokidoki hen na hito 㸦 շ 㸧iru kara.

Takahashi: Daigaku 㸦 ո 㸧wa nani㸦 չ 㸧benkyou shite iru n desu ka.

Ropesu: Senkou wa kougaku desu Kodomo 㸦 պ 㸧toki kara

suugaku 㸦 ջ 㸧suki datta node.

1 

Takahashi: Ii desu ne Uchi 㸦 ռ 㸧musume wa suugaku㸦 ս 㸧zenzen

dekinakute komatte ru n desu yo.

Ropesu: A, demo, piano 㸦 վ 㸧totemo o-jouzu da㸦 տ 㸧kikimashita

Takahashi: Nihon taizai wa itsu 㸦 ր 㸧desu ka.

Ropesu: Rainen no natsu 㸦 ց 㸧kuni㸦 ւ 㸧kaeru yotei desu.

Takahashi: O-kuni wa dochira?

Ropesu: Mekishiko 㸦 փ 㸧Pueruto Bajaruta desu.

Takahashi: E? Sono Pueruto nan toka tte, doko 㸦 ք 㸧aru n desu ka.

Ropesu: Mekishiko 㸦 द 㸧nishigawa desu Kirei na biichi㸦 ध 㸧atte ii

tokoro desu yo Tokidoki watashi no heya 㸦 न 㸧kujira㸦 ऩ 㸧

mieru n desu Ichido asobi 㸦 प 㸧irashite kudasai.

Takahashi: Doumo arigatou Honto itsuka ikitai wa nee.

Ropesu: Hai, daijoubu desu Takahashi-san 㸦 ब 㸧go-shujin wa

donna o-shigoto desu ka.

Takahashi: Shujin wa ginkou 㸦 भ 㸧tsutomete iru n desu yo.

Ropesu: Sou desu ka Anou, ja, sorosoro

Takahashi: Sou ne Ja, mata ne Kondo wa eki 㸦 म 㸧mae㸦 य 㸧

kissaten 㸦 र 㸧aimashou ka.

Ropesu: Hai, itsu ka go-shujin 㸦 ऱ 㸧mo o-ai shitai desu Ja, itte

kimaasu!

Anata: ۑۑgaisha ղ ...

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