RELATIVE CLAUSE

- Connect with Main clause by: - Relative Pronouns: Đại từ quan hệ: Who, Whom, Which, That, Whose + N.. - Relative Adverbs: Trạng từ quan hệ: Where, When, Why... Defining relative clause

RELATIVE CLAUSE

grammar

The girl is Ha She is talking on the phone.

→ The girl who is talking on the phone is Ha.

Relative Clause

I Definition: - Known as Adj Clause (modify the Noun

before it.

- Stand after the Noun that it modifies.

- Connect with Main clause by:

- Relative Pronouns: (Đại từ quan hệ): Who, Whom, Which, That, Whose + N

- Relative Adverbs: (Trạng từ quan hệ): Where, When, Why.

II USAGE

1 Who:

E.g: 1 The man is Mr Pike He is standing there.

→ The man who is standing there is Mr

Pike.

2 That is the girl She has won the medal.

→ That is the girl who has won the medal.

Relative Clause

Relative Clause

- Relative Pronoun for Persons.

- Stand after a Noun, plays as Subject for the Verb after.

2 Whom:

E.g: 1 The boy is Tom We are looking for him.

→ The boy whom we are looking for is Tom.

2 The woman is my aunt You saw her

yesterday.

→ The woman whom you saw yesterday is my

aunt.

- Relative Pronoun for Persons.

- Stand after a Noun, plays as Object of a Verb.

- Often replaced by Who, or omitted in the sentence.

II USAGE

Relative Clause

Relative Clause

3 Which:

E.g: 1 This is the book I like it best.

→ This is the book which I like best.

2 The hat is mine It is red.

→ The hat which is red is mine.

- Relative Pronoun for Things.

- Stand after a Noun, plays as Subject/ Object of a Verb.

2 John found a cat Its leg was broken.

→ John found a cat whose leg was broken.

- Relative Pronoun for Things & Persons.

- Stand after a Noun, plays as Possessive Pronouns.

II USAGE

5 When = at/in/on…which/then.

E.g: 1 I’ll forget that day On that day I met her.

→ I’ll forget that day On which I met her.

2 That was the time He managed the company at that time.→ That was the time at which he managed the

company.

- Relative Pronoun for Time.

- Stand after an Adverb of Time.

II USAGE

WHEN

WHEN

6 Where = at/in/on…which/ There.

E.g: 1 That is the house We are living in the house.

→ That is the house which we are living IN

→ That is the house where we are living.

- Relative Pronoun for Places - Stand after an Adverb of Places.

7 Why: the reason why.

III Kinds of relative clause.

a Defining relative clause : Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.

1 The man who robbed you has been arrested.

E.g:

2 That is the book that I like best.

3 Do you remember the day when we met each other ?

- A defining relative clause tells which noun we are talking about.

- A defining relative clause can’t be omitted.

- There is no comma in the sentence.

III Kinds of relative clause.

b Non - defining relative clause : Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác

định.

1 That man , who lives in the next flat , looks very lonely.

E.g:

2 My Tam , whose sister I know , is a famous singer.

3 This is Mrs Jones , who helped me last week

- A non- defining relative clause give us Extra information about st

We don’t need this information to understand the sentence.

- A non - defining relative clause can be omitted.

- There is comma in the sentence.

- That can’t be used in the non-defining relative clause.

III Kinds of relative clause.

c Relative Pronoun : THAT.

I can see a girl and a dog They are walking in the garden.

E.g:

→ I can see a girl and a dog that are walking in the garden.

sentence.

- That replaces “ Who, Whom, Which ”.

IV Reduced forms of relative clauses.

a Present participle – Ving: Hiện tại phân từ.

1 That man , who is sitting next to you , is my uncle.

E.g:

→ That man sitting next to you is my uncle

2 A lorry which was carrying pipes has overturned.

→ The lorry carrying pipes has overturned

3 Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night?

→ Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night?

- ving is used in active sentence.

IV Reduced forms of relative clauses.

b Past participal– Ved: Quá khứ phân từ.

1 The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting.

E.g:

→ The books written by to hoai are interesting

2 A bridge which was built only two years ago has been declared unsafe.

→ A bridge built only two years ago has been declared unsafe.

3 Most of the goods which are made in this factory are exported.

→ Most of the goods made in this factory are exported.

- ved is used in passive sentence.

c To V: the first, second, …; last, next, only; and superlatives.

IV Reduced forms of relative clauses.

1 E is an important language which we have to master.

E.g:

→ E is an important language to master.

2 There is a good restaurant where we can eat seafood.

→ There is a good restaurant to eat seafood.

3 The captain was the last man who left the ship.

→ The captain was the last man to leave the ship.

c To V: the first, second, …; last, next, only; and superlatives.

IV Reduced forms of relative clauses.

6 The children need a big yard which they can play in.

→ The children need a big yard to play in.

c To V: - Verb “Have/had”

IV Reduced forms of relative clauses.

E.g:

- HERE (BE),THERE (BE) at the first sentence.

2 There are six letters which have to be written

today → There are six letters to be written today.

IV Reduced forms of relative clauses.

* Note: S at 2 sentences are different: add for sb +to V

We have some picture books that children can

read.

E.g:

→ We have some picture books for children to read.

d Noun phrase: đồng cách danh từ.

IV Reduced forms of relative clauses.

S + be + noun/ noun phrase/ preposition phrase

- Omitted “ WHO / WHICH, BE ” in the sentence.

1 Football, which is a popular sport , is very good for health.

E.g:

→ Football, a popular sport , is very good for health.

2 Do you like the book which is on the table ?

Do you like the book on the table ?

1 Nhìn xem mệnh đề có công thức S + BE + CỤM DANH TỪ không ? Nếu

có áp dụng công thức 4

2 Nếu không có công thức đó thì xem tiếp trứoc who which… có các dấu hiệu first ,only …v v không ,nếu có thì áp dụng công thức 3 ( to inf ) lưu ý thêm xem 2 chủ từ có khác nhau không ( để dùng for