Expatriate Risk Management Kidnapping and Ransom CMME

KIDNAPPING AND RANSOMLearning Objectives  Analysis: be able to understand and analyze the risk of kidnapping and ransom  Avoidance: learn how to avoid the risk of being in situations w

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EXPATRIATE RISK MANAGEMENT: KIDNAPPING AND RANSOM

RICHARD A POSTHUMA, JD, PHD

AND JAIME GARCIA

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KIDNAPPING AND RANSOM

Learning Objectives

 Analysis: be able to understand and analyze the risk of kidnapping and ransom

 Avoidance: learn how to avoid the risk of being in situations where

kidnapping might occur

 Prevention: learn how to reduce the likelihood that a kidnapping will

happen

 Minimize Harm: learn how to minimize the harm that is caused if a

kidnapping does occur

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KIDNAPPING AND RANSOM: ANALYSIS

Reality

 When employees go to work in some foreign countries, they are

at greater risk of becoming victims of kidnapping for ransom

Definitions

 Kidnapping means being taken and/or detained against your will

by threat or force

 Ransom is the money and/or things demanded from the family or

the employer of the kidnapped employee in order to release the victim from captivity

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Types of Kidnapping for Ransom

 Virtual

 Someone calls and falsely states that a loved one has been kidnapped To insure their safe release you need to do something like deposit money in a specific bank account.

 Express (also called “Lightning” or “McKidnapping”)

 A person is actually kidnapped and held for a short time and a small ransom is paid They might brought to their bank’s ATM machine and told to withdraw the maximum amount, and then held until midnight when they are told to withdraw the maximum again.

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 The most complicated form of kidnapping that often involves planning and

surveillance of the victims by the kidnappers.

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Actual recent case examples

 The captain and crew of a tanker ship carrying chemicals and flying a

Singapore flag was kidnapped off the coast of Nigeria with kidnappers

demanding share of oil money

 Two French businessmen were kidnapped in Argentina.

 Six expatriate engineers kidnapped in Nigeria.

 In Venezuela a petroleum company manager’s wife was kidnapped

and the kidnappers used her cell phone to call him with a ransom

demand

 In Mexico, an employee of a manufacturing company was kidnapped

and a ransom of cash and two vehicles was paid for his safe release

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 90% of kidnapping victims survive

 80% of kidnapping victims receive food and water

 Mexico has one of the highest rates of kidnapping in the world

 Kidnappers and their accomplices often do surveillance of their

possible victims for 2 to 3 weeks before the commit the act of

kidnapping

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FREQUENCY BY REGION

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COUNTRIES RANKED BY RISK OF KIDNAPPING

Source: Clayton Consultants, Inc 2010

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Source: American Chamber of Commerce in Mexico, 2010

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INCREASE IN REPORTED AND UNREPORTED KIDNAPPINGS IN MEXICO, 2008 TO 2009

Source: EFE News Agency, Mexico, 2010

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WHO IS TARGETED FOR KIDNAPPING

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Risk factors that could increase the likelihood of being chosen as a

target

 The appearance of living in an expensive home

 Living in an exclusive neighborhood

 Appearance of guards protecting your residence

 Frequenting expensive restaurants or exclusive social clubs

 Displaying an ostentatious attitude in front of others

 Being employed in a high paying profession

 Appearance of special privileges (e.g., parking, chauffer)

 Wearing company clothing that identifies you as an employee of a high paying employer

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OUTCOMES FOR VICTIMS

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OUTCOMES IN MEXICO WITH AND WITHOUT POLICE INVOLVEMENT

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KIDNAPPING AND RANSOM:

A RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS

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KIDNAPPING AND RANSOM: AVOIDANCE

Keeping a low profile

 Wear plain clothes (maybe just blue jeans)

 Look like the other people around you

 Don’t be ostentatious…

 Don’t wear expensive clothes, watches, or jewelry

 Don’t drive a new and expensive car

 Don’t display fancy electronic devices

 Avoid appearance of wealth…

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Avoid situations where you might be kidnapped.

While Driving:

 Travel safe routes

 Don’t get lost

 Avoid driving the same route

 Be unpredictable

 Change the streets that you drive on

 Change the times that you arrive and leave

 Keep gas tank full

 Travel during the day

 If you are in immediate threat of serious physical harm, your vehicle

could be used as weapon against kidnappers

 Never stop your vehicle

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TRAVEL SAFE ROUTES; VARY TRAVEL

Workplace EntranceBridges to Safer Areas

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While Driving (continued)

 Always be able to escape if being chased

 Have an escape route planned

 Drive in lanes that will keep you from being boxed in

 Leave a space between you and the vehicle in front of you

so that you can escape

 You should be able to see the rear tires of the car in front

of you

 Know where there is a safe place or refuge

 Avoid putting stickers or insignia on your vehicle that

indicate where you work or live

 Avoid driving alone, Car pool

 Stay able to communicate

 Have a cell phone and foreign calling card

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Avoid making yourself a target

prevent an express kidnapping from becoming a traditional kidnapping)

protocol

Know your neighbors

Don’t reveal information to people unless they need to know

Check the backgrounds of everyone that works for you

Remain alert at all times, don’t get distracted

Park in safe, open, well lit places with spaces between cars

Don’t stay in your parked car

Keep your keys in your hand

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KIDNAPPING AND RANSOM: PREVENTION

 Change your routines

 Often kidnappers will do surveillance to find out when you are most vulnerable Change the following:

 The times of departures and arrivals

 The days of the week

 The travel routes

 Destinations

 Methods of transportation (car, SUV, etc.)

 Stay alert and be aware of your surroundings

 Watch for someone following you

 Keep the vehicle in “drive” and engine running

 Engage the automatic door locks

 Keep vehicle windows closed or only slightly open

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Surveillance Detection: What to do if you think a vehicle is

following you.

To determine if they are following you

 make a U-turn where it is safe to do so

 make a turn to the right or left

 (create complications for the kidnappers doing surveillance

by using oncoming traffic to delay them)

 go through a traffic light just as it is turning red

 stop just beyond a curve or hill

 circle a block

 If a car has been behind you for more than 5 minutes, they may be following you

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If you are walking and you suspect that someone is following you…

 Stop suddenly to see if they also stop

 Go into a public place or business where there are a lot of people

If you are being followed

 sound your horn

 flash your lights

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KIDNAPPING AND RANSOM: MINIMIZE THE

HARM

Minimize the harm that is caused if a kidnapping does

occur.

 Keep your family aware of your whereabouts:

 Sometimes kidnappers will call family members

claiming that they have you when it is not true.

 Family and/or trusted persons at the company should

know the following:

 Where are you going?

 Where are you now?

 What is the purpose of your meeting?

 Use security codes or passwords that are well known to

your family and trusted associates.

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KIDNAPPING AND RANSOM: MINIMIZE THE HARM

 If you are the victim of a kidnapping:

 Remain calm.

 Cooperate with kidnappers.

 Resistance can be very dangerous.

 The chances of a successful escape or rescue are very low.

 Companies should ask the family members if they

want the employer to help, or not.

 Invoking the company could raise the stakes of the ransom demand

 Sometimes the families don’t want the company involved

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Virtual kidnappings… someone who sells you a false story

 “We have your daughter and you’ll never see them again unless you deposit $$ in XX bank account.”

 “We know where you live We are going to kill you if you don’t pay.”

 “I am looking at you right now I’m going to kill you if you don’t make a deposit $$.”

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Virtual Kidnapping

Many experts agree that you should…

 Say, “give me your number and I’ll call you right away” and hang up

 Don’t answer the phone again.

 Locate your family immediately.

 Get a caller ID.

 Install an answering machine for calls that you don’t recognize

 Don’t give out any personal or family information

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 Traditional Kidnappings

 Victims should cooperate with kidnappers, but not volunteer personal information

 Don’t trust the kidnappers to be ethical negotiators

 Don’t give in to every demand

 If you do, they may just ask for more and more

 Ask for proof that the victim is alive and well

 Use someone experienced in kidnapping and ransom negotiations

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Initial

Ransom Demands KIDNAPPING AND RANSOM: MINIMIZE THE HARM

RANSOM NEGOTIATIONS

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RANSOM NEGOTIATIONS

VICTIM RELEASED

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KIDNAPPING AND RANSOM: RANSOM NEGOTIATIONS

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KIDNAPPING AND RANSOM: RANSOM NEGOTIATIONS

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Kidnapping and Ransom (K & R) Insurance

 Costs/Premiums

 If it leaks out that an employer has this coverage

 It may increase the likelihood that kidnappers will target

employees covered by this insurance

 It may increase kidnapper’s demands

 The policy may be cancelled

 Benefits:

 Loss prevention/how to avoid kidnappings

 Handle ransom negotiations

 Reimbursement for ransom payments, medical expenses, etc

 Frequency

 68% of kidnappings in Latin America are not covered by K & R

insurance

 60% of employers have K & R coverage for some executives

(Source: The Steele Foundation, 2006)

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Electronic Location Devices

Consider the costs and benefits of Global Positioning System location

 May enable the location of the phone of a person kidnapped

 May be placed inside the vehicle of the person kidnapped

 Can be placed inside cell phones for tracking

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KIDNAPPING AND RANSOM: SUMMARY

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SOURCES, REFERENCES, AND RECOMMENDED

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