C13 organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds; inorganic chemistry is the chemistry of compounds of all elements other than carbon.. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Unsaturated compou

Chapter 13a Organic

Chemistry

13-1 Carbon Bonds 13-2 Alkanes

13-3 Petroleum Products 13-4 Structural Formulas 13-5 Isomers

13-6 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 13-7 Benzene

13-8 Hydrocarbon Groups 13-9 Functional Groups 13-10 Polymers

Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon

compounds; inorganic chemistry is the

chemistry of compounds of all elements other than carbon

The general properties of carbon compounds are:

1 Most carbon compounds are non-electrolytes.

2 The reaction rates of carbon compounds are

13-3 Petroleum Products

Fractional distillation

Catalytic cracking

Modern cracking uses zeolites as the

catalyst.

13-3 Petroleum Products

13-5 Isomers

Optical Isomers Structural Isomers

13-6 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Unsaturated compounds have double or

triple carbon-carbon bonds and are more

reactive than saturated compounds,

which have only single carbon-carbon bonds (alkanes and similar compounds)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=9TARwJPJjjk http://www.chembio.uoguelph.ca/educmat/

chm19104/isomers/stereoisomers/index.htm

13.7 Benzene

Aromatic compounds

Aliphatic compounds are organic compounds that

do not contain benzene rings

Table 13.1

Fig 13.9, etc.

Acetylene

gas welding

and cutting.

Double bond “O” with “H” on end

13-9 Functional

Groups

Table 13.2

Polymerization-the making of plastics

Vinyl

13-3 Petroleum Products

13-10 Polymers

A polymer is a long chain of simple

molecules (monomers) linked together

Polymers that contain the vinyl group are

classed as vinyls Some examples of

polymers include Styrofoam, Teflon, Orlon,

and Plexiglas (or Lucite) Plexiglas is

thermoplastic, meaning it softens and can be

shaped when heated but becomes rigid again

on cooling

Table 13.3

13-10 Polymers

.A copolymer is a polymer that consists of

two different monomers Dynel and Saran

Wrap are examples. Certain monomers that contain two double bonds in each molecule form flexible, elastic polymers called

elastomers; rubber and neoprene are

examples Polyamides and polyesters are

polymers produced by chemical reactions

rather than by the polymerization of

monomers

13-10 Polymers

.Teflon is polymer with a strong bond between carbon and fluorine atoms It is used as a no- stick surface in cookware.

13-10 Polymers

The Society of Plastic Industries, Inc (SPI) numbering system

13-10 Polymers

(1) PET-Polyethylene Teraphthalate- Milk, water, detergent & oil

bottles, toys, containers used outside, surfboards, paint

brushes, parts and plastic bags.

(2) HDPE-High Density Polyethylene- Milk, water, detergent & oil

bottles, toys, containers used outside, traffic cones, parts and plastic bags.

(3) PVC-Polyvinyl Chloride- Food wrap, vegetable oil bottles,

floor mats, hoses, pipes, blister packages or automotive parts.

(4) LDPE-Low Density Polyethylene- Many plastic bags Shrink

wrap, grocery bags, garment bags or containers and parts.

(5) PP-Polypropylene- Refrigerated containers, some bags, most

bottle tops, some carpets, paint buckets, video cassette

containers, some food wrap, yogurt containers, syrup bottles and diapers.

(6) PS-Polystyrene- Throwaway utensils, meat packing,

styrofoam cups, food service trays, license plate holders, trash cans and protective packing

(7) Other-layered or mixed plastics-PLA or Polyactic Acid (D & L

conformations cause numbers to differ)

Testing for Type of Plastic

See Lab 19

Chapter 13b Organic Chemistry

13-11 Carbohydrates 13-12 Photosynthesis 13-13 Lipids

13-14 Proteins 13-15 Soil Nitrogen 13-16 Nucleic Acids 13-17 Origin of Life

D -Allose  D -Altrose  D -Glucose  D -Mannose  D -Gulose  D -Idose  D -Galactose  D -Talose 

β- D -Glucose (chair form) 

Amylopectin 

Cellulose in wood is extracted and converted to paper at this plant in Maine Microorganisms in the stomachs of cows help them digest

cellulose in plants.

13.11 Polysaccharides

13.12 Photosynthesis

13.12 Photosynthesis

13-13 Lipids

Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acid

Soap Molecule

with Polar head

and non-polar tail

13-13 Lipids

13-14 Proteins

The polypeptide chain forms a backbone structure

in proteins:

On first inspection, this structure appears to be connected

entirely by single C-C or C-N bonds It should therefore be

as flexible as a simple hydrocarbon chain

Note that flexing in a covalent structure does not occur by

bending bonds, and the normal tetrahedral or trigonal planar

bond angles are maintained Instead, different shapes are

obtained by torsional rotation about theaxis of the bonds:

13-15 Soil Nitrogen

13-16 Nucleic Acids

Chromosomes consist of DNA molecules Changes in the sequence

of the bases in a DNA molecule can result in a mutation

13-17 Origin of Life

2001 Space Odyssey

HAL 9000 Where did Clarke and Kuberick

get the name HAL?

IBM

IBM thought Hardware would be King!

Net worth in 2013 $112.5 billion.

Who really became King?

Bill Gates software MS DOS! Net worth $72.6 billion in 2013 Microsoft Net worth $290

billion in 2013

.

Just right size for the right gravity

Just the right distance from the sun

Titius -Bode Law-planetary distances from sun have a patternDark energy and matter

Patterns in electron energy levels

The brain-greatest brain authority says we know nothing

The eye-seeing only colors

Only 4 basic forces?? What about Intelligence?

What are the 4 forces and where do they come from?

There is no evidence that one species has changed into anotherTunneling affect of electrons

Not enough time for man to evolve by chance (14 billion years)Paranormal evidence