Chapter 4 section1 what are minerals

What Is a Streak Test? The streak of a mineral is the color of its powder  The streak color and the mineral color are... What is Mineral Fracture? Fracture – How a mineral looks w

What 5 Characteristics Does

a Mineral Have to Have?

A mineral must be:

What Does It Mean to Be

Naturally Occurring?

naturally

glass all come from

substances found in

are manufactured by

How Can Something Be Inorganic?

 Inorganic – the mineral

cannot arise from

materials that were once

part of a living thing

 Ex Coal is NOT a mineral

because it is made up the

remains of plants and

animals

What kind of pattern must a

 Faces – a crystal’s flat

side that meets at

What kind of composition

must a mineral have?

 A mineral must have

What Is the Difference Between an

Element and a Compound?

a single kind of atom Ex

Hydrogen

combined so that the elements

no longer have distinct

properties Ex Water H 0

How Do You Identify Minerals?

Streak

Luster

How Do You Determine a

 Mohs Hardness Scale

Ranks ten minerals from

softest to hardest

How Does the Mohs Scale Work?

What Is a Streak Test?

 The streak of a

mineral is the color of

its powder

 The streak color and

the mineral color are

What is the Luster of a

mineral?

light from its surface

 Earthy, waxy, and pearly

What does Density have to do

displaced water equals the volume

What Kind of Shape does a

What is Mineral Cleavage?

What is Mineral Fracture?

 Fracture – How a mineral

looks when it breaks apart in

an irregular way

What Special Properties does a

Mineral have?

 Fluorescence –minerals that

glow under ultraviolet light

 Magnetism - ex Loadstone

 Chemical Reactivity- ex Calcite gives off carbon dioxide

Section2:

How are Minerals Formed?

 Two General Ways:

in water

solutions

What is Crystallization?

 Crystallization

 the process by which

atoms are arranged to form a material with a

crystal structure

How do Minerals form from

Magma?

 Minerals form as magma

cools inside the crust , or as

lava hardens on the surface

What Effects Crystal Size?

 Rate at which magma cools

Slower cooling forms

How do Minerals Form from Hot

Water Solutions?

 Magma beneath Earth’s

surface has heated the water

to a high temperature beneath Earth’s surface causing

minerals to dissolve

 When this solution cools the

elements and compounds leave the solution and crystallize as

What is a Solution?

 Solution – A mixture in which one substance

dissolves in another

What do Pure Metals often

form from Hot Water

Solutions?

 Veins – A narrow channel or slab of a

mineral that is much different from the surrounding rock

How are Minerals Formed by

Evaporation?

 As water turns to vapor it leaves behind the mineral

 Example: A salt water

solution leaves behind large crystals of salt

Where are Minerals Found?

and less common minerals are

activity and mountain building

Section 3: How are Minerals

Used?

 Minerals are the source of

Metals ex Aluminum, Iron

Gemstones ex Rubies and Sapphires

Ore What?

 Ore - A rock that contains a

metal or economically useful mineral

 Most metals, gemstones, and useful minerals must be

separated from their ores

What are the 3 Types of

Mines?

 Strip Mines – Giant equipment

is used to scrape away soil

 Open Pit Mines – Miners dig a tremendous pit

 Shaft Mines – A network of

tunnels that extend deep

underground