Silica Tetrahedra The building block of most common rock... Silica Tetrahedra The building block of most common rock... Silica Tetrahedra The building block of most common rock...
Trang 1III Atoms, Elements and Minerals
A Changing scales to looking at the
elements of the earth and its crust (8 most common)
B Introduction to minerals that comprise rocks
(11 most common)
C The silicate minerals (7)
D Other important rock-forming minerals (4)
E Mineral properties
Trang 3A Changing Scale: Zooming in from global view to atomic scale
Trang 4Atoms and Elements
Trang 5 17 electrons would make it
neutral (no charge) with the
last shell one electron
short {2, 8, 7} Soooo…
Tends to grab an electron to fill the third shell
Making it a negatively charged Ion (anion)
Trang 8Most Common Elements of Earth’s Crust
Trang 9B Introduction to Minerals
Mineral mined for rock
salt and table salt
Trang 10bonding leads to physical
crystal form, cleavage
specific gravity (density)
(pg 38-43)
Crystal Form
3 planes of cleavage *
Trang 12Silica Tetrahedra
The building block of
most common rock
Trang 13Silica Tetrahedra
The building block of
most common rock
Trang 14Silica Tetrahedra
The building block of
most common rock
Trang 15Silica Tetrahedra
The building block of
most common rock
Trang 16Silica Tetrahedra
The building block of
most common rock
Trang 17Silica Tetrahedra
The building block of
most common rock
Trang 18Silica Tetrahedra
The building block of
most common rock
Trang 19Silica Tetrahedra
The building block of
most common rock
Trang 20 A definite range of compositions
Mineral Group, e.g Olivine
Definition of Mineral
Trang 21C Silica Tetrahedra and Silicate Minerals
Si and O bond in a
tetrahedron shape
The basic building block
of most minerals of the
crust
Bond with other
tetrahedra and cations to
form Silicate Minerals
Trang 22Silicate Minerals: Examples
Trang 23Silicate Minerals: Examples
Trang 24Silicate Minerals: Examples
Single Chain Silicate structure
Trang 25Silicate Minerals: Examples
E.g., Pyroxenes (Group of
minerals)
Single Chain Silicate structure
Trang 27
a framework of tetrahedra with
every fourth silicon replaced with
an aluminum ion?
a framework with every other Si
replaced with an Al?
Trang 28Building Silicates
the charges of :
an isolated silicate?
a single chain silicate?
a double chain silicate?
Trang 29Silicate Minerals: Examples
E.g., Pyroxenes (Group of
minerals)
Single Chain Silicate structure
Trang 30
Single Chain Silicates
E.g., Pyroxenes (SiO3)
Trang 31Silicate Minerals: Examples
E.g., Amphiboles (Group of
minerals)
Double Chain Silicate structure
More silica and less iron than
pyroxenes
Trang 32Double Chain Silicates
E.g., Amphiboles (Si8O22)
Trang 33Silicate Minerals: Examples
E.g., Micas (Muscovite and Biotite)
Sheet Silicate structure
(biotite has Fe, Mg)
More silica and less iron than
Amphiboles
E.g., Clays (Mineral Group)
Trang 34Sheet Silicates
E.g., Micas (Biotite and Muscovite) (AlSi3O10)
Trang 35Silicate Minerals
E.g., Feldspars (Orthoclase
and Plagioclase) and Quartz
Framework Silicate
K (orthoclase) or Na-Ca (plagioclase)
More silica than micas,
no iron
Granite
Orthoclase Quartz
Trang 36Framework Silicates
E.g., Quartz ( SiO2) and Feldspars (AlSi3O8)
Trang 37Framework Silicates
E.g., Quartz ( SiO2) and Feldspar (AlSi3O10)