câu trực tiếp gián tiếp

Bài tập về câu trực tiếp gián tiếp rất đa dạng, các bạn cảm thấy khó nhớ, bây giờ thì không còn thấy khó với những bài tập như thế này vì có rất nhiều bài tập khi làm nhiều các bạn sẽ nhớ và thấy câu trực tiếp gián tiếp rất đơn giản

REPORTED SPEECH

I Grammar

1 Khi chuyển một câu từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp cần thay đổi những thành phần cơ bản sau:

a Thì của động từ:

Thì của các động từ trong lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi theo một nguyên tắc chung là lùi về quá khứ (Note: nếu động từ dẫn ở câu gián tiếp là thì hiện tại thì thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp không thay đổi so với câu

trực tiếp)

Thì trong Lời nói trực tiếp Thì trong Lời nói gián tiếp

Hiện tại đơn ( S + Vs/es )

Quá khứ đơn

S + Vqk Hiện tại tiếp diễn

( S + is/am/are + V_ing )

Quá khứ tiếp diễn ( S + was/were + V_ing ) Hiện tại hoàn thành

( S + has/ have + PII )

Quá khứ hoàn thành ( S + had + PII ) Quá khứ đơn

S + Vqk

Quá khứ hoàn thành ( S + had + PII )

b Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn (Nếu có)

Trực

tiếp

Gián

tiếp

This That Tomorrow The next day / the following day

These Those Yesterday The day before / the previous day

Here There Last + danh từ thời

gian Ex: Last week

The previous +danh từ thời gian/ the + danh từ thời gian +

before

→ The previous week/ the week before Now Then Next + danh từ thời

gian Ex: Next week

The following/ The next + danh từ thời gian

→The following/ the next week

Today That day

Ago Before

c Thay đổi các đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu (Nếu có)

Đại từ nhân xưng (Chủ ngữ) Tân ngữ Tính từ sở hữu Đại từ sở hữu

I –> he/she

We –> they You –> I/ we, he, she

me -> him/ her

us -> them you -> me/ him/ her

my ->his/ her our -> their your -> my

mine ->his/ her ours -> theirs yours -> mine

Những thay đổi cụ thể trong từng loại câu trong lời nói gián tiếp

1 Câu trần thuật trong lời nói gián tiếp: (Statements in reported speech)

S + said (to + O) + that S + V……

S + told + O + that S + V…

Eg: „We will have a test tomorrow‟, My teacher said

-> My teacher said (that) they would have a test the next day

*Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: thought, announced, explained, complained, believed…

2 Câu hỏi trong lời nói gián tiếp (Questions in reported speech)

 Notes : Khi chuyển câu hỏi trực tiếp thành gián tiếp cũng cần áp dụng qui tắc chuyển đổi trên, ngoài ra

cần thay đổi:

- Động từ tường thuật câu hỏi gián tiếp là asked/ wanted to know/ wondered ( tự hỏi)

- Trật tự từ chuyển về dạng trần thuật tức là chủ ngữ đứng trước động từ và không có trợ động từ

- Không dùng liên từ “that‟, dấu “?” được bỏ đi

a Yes/ no questions:

S + asked + ( O ) + if / whether + clause

Eg: Tuan asked Ba “Are you fond of watching television?”

Tuan asked Ba if/whether he was fond of watching television

b Wh-questions:

S + asked + (O) + wh - word + clause

Eg: He said to me, “Why did you go with her father last week?”

He asked me why I had gone with her father the week before

 Chú ý: Trong trường hợp câu trực tiếp có cả câu trần thuật và câu hỏi khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp phần nào vẫn cứ đi phần ấy

Eg: “ I have left my watch at home Can you tell me the time?”

He said that he had left his watch at home and asked me if I could tell him the time

3 Reported speech with to infinitive

 Would you/ Could you / Will you/ Can you -> asked+ sb + to + V

 Would you mind + V-ing /Do you mind + V-ing -> asked + sb + to +V

 Would you like/ Will you -> invited + sb + to + V

a Đề nghị, lời mời:

* Ta sử dụng “ Would you like to V / How about …/ Why don’t you + … để mời

S + invited + (O) + to V …

S + offered + to V …

Eg: He said, “Would you like to go out for a drink?”

-> He invited me to go out for a drink

She said to me; “How about some coffee”

-> She invited me some coffee

Eg: Why don‟t you come to my village to have a day off?

* Offer: - Would you like me to V

- Shall I do / Can I…? Could I …?

- I’ll do … if you like

Eg: Can I help you with the dishes? Shall I shut the door?

Would you like a drink? Would you like to come for a meal?

b Yêu cầu: (động từ tường thuật ask)

* Could you….? , Can you …? Would you mind …? Or câu mệnh lệnh để yêu cầu

Eg: “Would you mind closing the door?”  he asked me to close the door

Can you close the door? Close the door ,please

* “I’d like…” “Can I have…?” khi chuyển sang gián tiếp ta áp dụng cấu trúc

“Could I have…?” S + asked + someboby + for + something

Eg: In a restaurant, the man said; “I‟d like a bottle of red wine, please”

-> The man asked for a bottle of red wine

c Khuyên bảo:

Ex: “You should study harder,” my mother said

-> My mother advised me to study harder

*Lời khuyên bảo

- You should / You ought to V

- If I were you , I would/ should …

- You had better …

- Why don’t you …

Chuyển sang gián tiếp có cấu trúc sau: S + advised + O + to V …

d Lời nhắc nhở

“Remember…” khi chuyển sang lời nói gián tiếp ta áp dụng cấu trúc sau Don’t for get

S + remind(ed) + someboby + to Infinitive verb

Eg: She said to me; “Don‟t forget to ring me up tomorrow evening”

-> She reminded me to ring her up the bext eveining

e Sự đồng ý về quan điểm như: all right, yes, of course (áp dụng cấu trúc sau):

S + agreed + to verb…

Ex: “All right, I‟ll wait for you” he said

-> He agreed to wait for me

f.Câu trực tiếp diễn tả sự mong muốn: would like, wish :

S + wanted + obj + to verb…

Eg: “I‟d like Lan to become a doctor,” my mum said

-> My mum wanted Lan to become a doctor

g Từ chối : S + refused + to V …

Eg: „No, I won‟t lend you my car”

-> He refused to lend me his car

h Lời hứa: S + promised to V…

Eg: „I‟ll send you a card on your birthday”

-> He promised to send me a card on my birthday

4 Reported speech with gerund: (câu gián tiếp với danh động từ)

 Why don‟t you/ Why not / How about -> suggest + sb + V-ing

 Let‟s / Let‟s not -> suggest + V-ing/ suggest + not+ V-ing

 Shall we/ It‟s a good idea -> suggest + V-ing

a Cảm ơn, xin lỗi:

S + thanked + s.o + for + v-ing

S + apologized for + (not) + v-ing

S + apologized + to + s.o + for + (not) + v-ing

Eg1: “It was nice of you to help me Thank you very much,” Tom said to you

-> Tom thanked me for helping him

Eg2: “I‟m sorry I‟m late,” Peter said

-> Peter apologised for being late

b Chỳc mừng:

S + congratulated + s.o + on + v-ing

Eg: John said, “I heard you received the scholarship Congratulations!”

-> John congratulated me on receiving the scholarship

c Cương quyết, khăng khăng:

S + insisted + on + v-ing…

Eg: “I‟ll help you with your physics exercise,” Peter said to Susan

-> Peter insisted on helping Susan with her physics exercise

d Cảnh bỏo, ngăn cản:

Lời cảnh bỏo như : be careful, be dangerous

a S + warned + s.o + to verb…

b S + warned + s.o + against + v-ing …

eg1: “Be careful of strangers and don‟t go out at night”; he said

-> He warned us to be careful strangers and not to out at night

Eg2: “Don‟t stay at the near the airport,” I said to Ann

-> I warned Ann against staying at the hotel near the airport

Eg3: “Don‟t go out alone at night,” I said to Linda

-> I warned Linda agaisnt going out alone at night

Ngăn cản: S + prevented, stopped + s.o + from + v-ing…

Eg1: “Stay here! I can‟t let you go out tonight,” her mother said to Jane

-> Her mother prevented Jane from going out that night

Eg2: “Sit here I can‟t let you stand all the time,” Mary said to me

-> Mary prevented me from standing all the time

e Chấp nhận hoặc phủ nhận:

Eg1: “We stole his money,” they said

-> They admitted stealing his money

Eg2: “I didn‟t steal his money,” she said

-> She denied stealing his money

f Đề nghị, gợi ý: * Lời đề nghị, gợi ý th-ờng bắt đầu bằng:

- sử dụng “could” để gợi ý: She could phone her

- Shall we …

- What about …/ How about V-ing…/ Let’s V……./ Why don’t we V …

S + suggest + (not) + V-ing …

S1 + suggest (ed) + That + S2 + should + bare infinitive

Eg: He said to me; “Let‟s go home”

-> He suggested going home

-> He suggested that we should go home

Eg: “Let‟s go out for a drink,” Susan said

-> Susan suggested going out for a drink

g Tố cỏo, buộc tội:

Eg: “You took some of my money,” he said

-> He accused me of taking some of his money

h Mơ ước:

S + dreamed + of + v-ing…

Eg: “I want to pass the exam with flying colours,” John said

-> John dreamed of passing the exam with flying colours

“I‟ve always wante to be rich, ” Bob said

-> Bob had always dreamed of being rich

i Suy nghĩ về cái gì

S + think (thought) + of +v-ing…

Eg: John‟s wife: The house is very nice! We‟ll certainly buy it

John : I think so

-> John and his wife were thinking of buying the house

k Sự chấp nhận

S + admitted + v-ing…

Eg: Detective: You have stolen Mrs Brown‟s car!

The thief|: Yes…! But…

-> The thief admitted stealing/having stolen Mrs Brown‟s car

l Sự mong muốn

S + looked forward to + v-ing…

Eg: “Mr.Smith: I feel like meeting our children soon”

Mrs Smith: I think so

-> Mr and Mrs Smith looked forward to meeting their children soon

* Lưu ý, trong những trường hợp sau động từ không biến đổi

1 Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lí hay một thói quen ở hiện tại

EX: 1 My father said “New York is bigger than London”

- My father said that New York is bigger than London

2 The teacher said, “The moon moves around the earth”

- The teacher said that the moon moves around the earth

3 He said, “ I always drink milk for breakfast”

- Peter said that he always drinks milk for breakfast

2 Lời nói trực tiếp có các động từ tình thái như: could, would, should, might, ought to, used to, had better

EX: My friend said, “You had better contact with her”

- My friend said that I had better contact with her

3 Lời nói trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại II hoặc câu điều kiện loại II

He said, “ If I were you, I wouldn‟t wait”

- He said that if he were me he wouldn‟t wait

4 Thời quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ tiếp diễn có thời gian các định hoặc thuộc mệnh đề chỉ thời gian

1 She said, “My mother arrived on Monday”

- She said that her mother arrived on Monday

2 He said, “When I saw them, they were playing tennis”

- He said when he saw them they were playing tennis

II Hướng dẫn học sinh cách làm bài tập trắc nghiệm

1 Nhận biết đáp án sai và loại trực tiếp:

a Dựa vào thì của động từ:

- nếu nhận biết được đó là 1 câu gián tiếp mà có đáp án liên quan tới thì hiện tại (hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, hiện tai hoàn thành) hoặc tương lai (tương lai đơn, tương lai gần) thì sẽ loại trực tiếp đáp án đó

- nếu đó là 1 câu hỏi thì có thể loại trực tiếp những đáp án có trợ động từ đảo lên trước chủ ngữ

Ex: I said to Nick: “Where are you going?”

A I asked Nick where was he going B I asked Nick where he was going

C I asked Nick where is he going D I asked Nick where he is going

Phân tích: đây là câu hỏi chuyển sang gián tiếp nên có thể loại trực tiếp đáp án A, C, D do đã đảo trợ động

từ lên trước chủ ngữ (A, C) và sử dụng thì động từ không phù hợp (D)

b Dựa vào trạng từ: nếu có những đáp án không phù hợp về trạng từ thì cũng loại trực tiếp (trong câu gián

tiếp không thể có các trạng từ như: today, yesterday, tomorrow, here, now, last )

Ex: “I wrote to him yesterday”

a She said to me I wrote to him the day before

b She told me she wrote to him yesterday

c She told me she had written to him yesterday

d She told me she had written to him the day before

Phân tích: câu này có thể loại trực tiếp đáp án b, c do sử dụng trạng từ yesterday trong câu gián tiếp là

không phù hợp

c Dựa vào 1 số cấu trúc cố định: 1 số cấu trúc đi với to V/ Ving

Ex: Jamei: “ Don’t eat so much junk food !”

a Jamei reminded me not to eat so much junk food b Jamei asked me to not eat so much junk food

c Jamei reminded me not to ate so much junk food d Jamei says me not to eat so much junk food

Phân tích: câu này có thể loại trực tiếp đáp án b, c do không đúng cấu trúc (reminded/ asked sbd not to V)

2 Với những đáp án có thể đúng còn lại, học sinh tiếp tục xem xét và loại trừ dần để chọn ra đáp án đúng nhất

EXERCISES

Exercise 1: Change these sentences into Reported Speech:

1 Nam said “I am told to be at school before 7 o‟clock”

……… ………

2 Thu said “All the students will have a meeting next week”

……….………

3 Phong said “My parents are very proud of my good marks”

……… ………

4 The teacher said “All the homework must be done carefully”

……….………

5 Her father said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend”

……… ………

6 Hoa said “I may visit my parents in the summer”

……… ………

7 The teacher said “We can collect old book for the poor students”

………

8 She said “She doesn‟t buy this book”

……….………

9 She said to him, “Where do you live?”

……… ………

10 She said to me, “When have you been to town today?”

… ………

11 “Where does your father work?” The teacher asked me

……… ………

12 “How many people are there in your family?” She asked Lan

……… ………

13 Do you enjoy reading?” Phong asked Peter

….………

14 “Does she like sports?” Hoa asked Lan

… ………

15 “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” She asked Nam

………

16 “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom

……….………

17 “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” He asked his friend

……… ………

18 “ It was nice of you to help me Thank you very much,” Tom said to you

→ Tom thanked for _

19 “ I hear you passed your exams Congratulations!” John said to us

→John congratulated on _

20 “ I‟m sorry I didn‟t phone you earlier,” Mary said

→ Mary apologized for

21 “ I‟ll drive you to the station I insist,” Peter said to Linda

→ Peter insisted on

22 “ You didn‟t pay attention to what I said ,” the teacher said to the boy

→ The teacher accused of

23 “ Keep quiet,” the teacher said to us

→The teacher told us

24 “ We‟ll come back again.”

→They promised _

25 “ You‟d better not swim too far from the shore,” the lifeguard said to us

→The lifeguard advised _

26 “ Could you close the window?” John siad to Peter

→John asked

27 “ You should join the football team, Eric,” said the teacher

→The teacher encouraged

28 “ I‟ll give it to him tomorrow,” John said

→John promised _

29 “ Remember to lock the door before going to school,” my sister said

→My sister reminded _

30 “ You should go home and rest for a while,” said the boss

→His boss advised _

Exercise 2: Choose the best answer

1 He said he……… at the “Ritz” Hotel

A.is staying B has stayed C was staying D will stay

2 He asked me where I………

A have studied B study C am studying D studied

3 I thought that I ………….my work at that time

A shall finish B will finish C would finish D will have finished

4 He wondered if she lived……….with her parents

5 They wondered………she would come if it rained

6 He says he………… at school two years ago

A had worked B works C had been working D worked

7 Victor said he………….very busy

8 I asked Hoa if she……… Chinese

A could speak B speaks C can speak D has spoken

9 Tina asked me how long I……… a teacher

10 She asked me……….I liked pop music

11 The students asked if I was going to teach them physics………

A the next day B next day C day next D the day next

12 I want to know if he…………for her birthday

A has bought B buys C had bought D would buy

13 She said she………….come to the party on Friday

14 Chris asked me where my car………

15 Mr Jim said that he……….happy with his new assistant

16 He said that John……….up his job

A has given B have given C had give D had given

17 She said that she ………to learn to drive

A is going B was going C go D goes

18 I knew that he……….a very clever man

19 They said they……….us if we needed

A help B helped C had gone D would help

20 She said she………… the next week, but I never saw her again

A will be back B had been back C would be back D is back

21 She said that she……… there the year before

22 I wonder………the tickets are on sale yet

23 She says she……….the book

A already finds B has already found C had already found D would already find

24 I was sure he……….the letter

A posted B had posted C will post D is posting

25 He said he……….to the station to see me off

A came B will come C would come D is coming

26 The policeman asked George where he………so early

A is running B ran C was running D runs

27 He says that he……… the laws of the country

A knew B is knowing C knows D had known

28 They realised that they………… their way in the dark

29 My friend asked me who……….the piano in the sitting room

A plays B was playing C is playing D has played

30 “Go home,” said the teacher to us

A The teacher told us to go home B The teacher said us to go home

C The teacher told us go home D The teacher told to us to go home

31 “Don‟t forget to clean your teeth,” said Granny to Helen

A Granny told Helen not forget to clean her teeth B Granny remind Helen to clean her teeth

C Granny told Helen to not forget to clean her teeth D Granny said Helen not to forget to clean her teerh

32 “Please bring me some fish soup,” he said to the waitress

A He asked the waitress bring him some fish soup B He asked the waitress to bring her some fish soup

C He asked the waitress to bring him some fish soup D He asked the waitress bring her some fish soup

33 “This man spoke to me on the road,” said the woman

A The woman said that man had spoken to me on the road

B The woman said that man has spoken to her on the road

C The woman said that man spoke to her on the road

D The woman said that man had spoken to her on the road

34 I said to Nick: “Where are you going?”

A I asked Nick where was he going B I asked Nick where he was going

C I asked Nick where is he going D I asked Nick where he is going

35 “If I were you, I‟d try to get a room on the top of floor,” he said

A He advised me to try to get a room on the top floor B He advised me to try getting a room on the top floor

C He offered me to try to get a room on the top floor D He suggested me to try to get a room on the top floor

36 “I‟ll wait for you if you like,” she said

A She offered to wait for me B She said she‟d wait for me if I liked

C She suggested she waited for me D A&B are correct

37 “Remember to switch off when you‟ve finished,” he said

A He reminded me to switch off when I‟ve finished B He reminded me to switch off when I‟d finished

C He offered me to switch off when I‟d finished D He suggested me to switch off when I‟d finished

38 “You‟d better apologise for being late,” said my mother

A My mother advised me to apologise for being late B My mother suggested me to apologise for being late

C My mother suggested apologising for being late D My mother warned me to apologise for being late

39 “Could you check the oil, please?” I asked the mechanic

A I invited the mechanic to check the oil B I asked the mechanic to check the oil

C I reminded the mechanic to check the oil D I warned the mechanic to check the oil

40 Kate said: “Mike, do you like my dress?”

A Kate asked Mike if he liked her dress B Kate asked Mike if you liked her dress

C Kate asked Mike if he liked your dress D Kate asked Mike if he likes her dress

41 “Would you like to have lunch with me on Sunday?” he said to me

A He offered me to have lunch with him on Sunday B He suggested me to have lunch with him on Sunday

C He invited me to have lunch with him on Sunday D He reminded me to have lunch with him on Sunday

42 “Don‟t open your books,” the teacher said to the pupils

A The teacher told the pupils to not open their books

B The teacher told the pupils did not open their books

C The teacher told the pupils not open their books

D The teacher told the pupils not to open their books

43 She asked me…… the seat……… or not

a If / had occupied b Whether / was occupied c If / has been occupied d Whether / occupied

44 The policeman asked us………

a had any of us seen the accident happen b If had any of us seen the accident happen

c Whether any of us had seen the accident happen d that if any of us had seen the accident happen

45 I asked him……… ,but he said nothing

a what the matter was b what was the matter c the matter was what d what‟s the matter was

46 James……… him up when the bus reached the square

a told me wake b asked me to wake c said me to wake d requested me waking

47 I wonder………….we‟ll catch the bus………we‟ll take a taxi

a if / and whether b whether / or that c if / or that d whether / or whether

48 Excuse me Could you tell me………?

a what time is it b what is the time c what time it is d it is what time

49 We wonder……….from his office after that scandal

a why did he not resign b why he did not resign c why he not resign d why didn‟t he resign

50 Jeff wanted to know………

a that why were his friends laughing b why were his friends laughing

c why his friends were laughing d the reason why his friends laughing

51 Mr Hawk told me that he would give me his answer the……… day

a previous b following c before d last

52 She…………him whether he liked the steak she cooked

a asks b wondered c wanted to know d asked

53 His neighbours sometimes wondered……….he did for a living

54 Could you please tell me………?

a It is how far to the nearest bus stop b how far is it to the nearest bus stop

c how far to the nearest bus stop is it d how far it is to the nearest bus stop

55 Marigold wondered……… Kevin and Ruth would be at the party

56 He asked me………

a How long you have studied English b How long had you studied English

c How long you had study English d How long you had studied English

57 The passenger asked……….we landed

58 “I‟ll tell you about this tomorrow, Mary.” said Tom

a Tom said to Mary that he will tell her about that the next day

b Tom told Mary that I would tell you about that the next day

c Tom told Mary that he would tell her about that the next day

d Tom told Mary that she would tell him about that the next day

59 “I have something to tell you” Kerry said to Cheryl

a Kerry told Cheryl I had something to tell her b Kerry told Chery he had something to tell her

c Kerry told Cheryl she had had something to tell him d Kerry told Cheryl he had had something to tell her

60 He said, “My wife has just bought a diamond ring.”

a He said that his wife had just bought a diamond ring b He said that my wife had just bought a diamond ring

c He said that his wife has just bought a diamond ring d he said that his wife just bought a diamond ring

61 “I will come with you as soon as I am ready”, she said to Philip

a She said to Philip he will come to see you as soon as he I am ready

b She told Philip she will come to see her as soon as she was ready

c She told Philip she would come to see you as soon as she was ready

d She told Philip she would come to see him as soon as she was ready

62 “I wrote to him yesterday”

a She said to me I wrote to him the day before b She told me she wrote to him yesterday

c She told me she had written to him yesterday d She told me she had written to him the day before