Indirect/ Reported speech Ex: - She said that she had never been to Paris.. DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH Simple Present He said: “I am happy” Simple Past He said that he was happy Pr
Trang 1NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN
1
Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội
1
TEACHER: VU THI MAI PHUONG
Definition
1 Direct speech
Ex:
- She said: “I have never been to Paris”
- He said to me: “I like your hair”
- He said to her: “I like your hair”
2 Indirect/ Reported speech
Ex:
- She said that she had never been to Paris
- He said that he liked my hair
- He told her that he liked her hair
Câu trần thuật trong lời nói gián tiếp
• 3 quy tắc chung khi chuyển từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp
• Cách chuyển từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp đối với câu trần thuật cơ bản
• Một số trường hợp đặc biệt không lùi thì của động từ
Quy tắc chuyển trực tiếp sang gián tiếp
1 Thay đổi S, O, Possessive Adjectives
Direct Speech Reported Speech Direct Speech Reported Speech
I
We
You
He/ She They I/ We
Me
Us You
Him/ Her Them Me/ Us Đại từ sở hữu (Possessive pronouns) Tính từ sở hữu (Possessive adjectives)
Mine
Ours
Yours
His/ Hers Theirs Mine/ Ours
My Our Your
His/ Her Their My/ Our
2 Thay đổi động từ
May “May I go out?” He wanted to know if he might go out
REPORTED SPEECH
PART 1
Trang 2TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE 2
Must “She must apply for the job.” He said that she must/ had to apply for the job” will “They will call you.” He told me that they would call her
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
Simple Present
He said: “I am happy” Simple Past He said that he was happy
Present Progressive
He said: "I'm looking for my keys"
Past Progressive
He said that he was looking for his keys
Simple Past
He said: “I visited New York last year.” Past Perfect Simple He said that he had visited New York the previous year
Present Perfect
He said: "I've lived here for a long time”
Past Perfect
He said that he had lived there for a long time
Past Perfect
He said: "They had finished the work when I
arrived"
Past Perfect
He said that they had finished the work when he had arrived
Past Progressive
He said: "I was playing football when the accident
occurred"
Past Perfect Progressive
He said that he had been playing football when the accident had occurred
Present Perfect Progressive
He said: "I have been playing football for two
hours."
Past Perfect Progressive
He said that he had been playing football for two hours
Past Perfect Progressive
He said: "I had been reading a newspaper when
the light went off"
Past Perfect Progressive
He said that he had been reading a newspaper when the light had gone off
Future Simple (will+verb)
He said: "I will open the door."
Conditional (would+verb)
He said that he would open the door
Conditional I
He said to me: "I will help you if I am free" He said that he would help me if he was free
3 Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn
Direct Speech Reported Speech
Time Expressions
Trang 3NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN
3
Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội
3
Last week the week before, the previous week Next year the following year, the next year
Place
Demonstratives
Ex:
“ I met her yesterday” he said
He said that he had met her the day before
“I‟ll do it tomorrow” He promised
He promised that he would do it the following day
Các trường hợp không lùi thì động từ
1 Khi câu trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lý hay một hành động được lặp đi lặp lại thường xuyên theo thói quen hiện tại
Ex:
• My teacher said, “The Sun rises in the east”
My teacher said that the Sun rises in the east
• She said, “I get up at 5 o‟clock every morning”
She said that she gets up at 5 o‟clock every morning
2 Câu trực tiếp có dạng câu điều kiện loại 2 hoặc loại 3 → không lùi thì
Ex:
She said to me “If I had enough money, I‟d buy a new bicycle”
She said to me that if she had enough money, she‟d buy a new bicycle
3 Mệnh đề sau “Wish” → không lùi thì
Ex: He said “I wish I had a lot of money”
He said he wished he had a lot of money
4 Mệnh đề sau “ would rather/ would sooner”→ Không lùi thì
Ex: She said “I would rather you stayed at home”
→ She said to /told me that she would rather I stayed at home
5 Không thay đổi thì của mệnh đề sau “It’s (high/ about) time”
Ex: She said; “It‟s about time you went to bed, children”
Trang 4TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE 4
She told her children that it was time they went to bed
6 Động từ trong câu nói trực tiếp có thời gian xác định
Ex:
He said, “I was born in 1980”
He said that he was born in 1980
7 Lời nói trực tiếp có các động từ tình thái “could, should, might, ought to, used to, had better” thì không thay đổi
Ex:
Tom said: “You had better not contact her”
Tom said (that) I had better not contact her
8 Nếu động từ dẫn ở hiện tại, chỉ cần thay đổi quy tắc 1 (đổi S, O, P.adj)
Ex: “I met her yesterday” He says
He says he met her yesterday
Exercise
1 “I have never been to Korea before”, said Mary (Mary said)
Mary said that she had never been to Korea before
2 “We go fishing with our parents everyday”, they said to me (They told)
They told me that they went fishing with their parents everyday
3 “She was lost when she was looking for my house”, Ted said (Ted said)
Ted said that she had been lost when she had been looking for his house
4 “I met him yesterday”, Alan said (Alan said)
Alan said that he had met him the day before/ the previous day
5 “I will make the decision tomorrow”, Perry said to me (Perry told)
Perry told me that he would make the decision the following day
6 “I think we should stay here”, said Jinny (Jinny said)
Jinny said that (she thought) they should stay there
7 “If I am happy, I will go to the party with my friends tomorrow ”, said Kate (Kate said)
Kate said that if she was happy, she would go to the party with her friends the following day
8 “I am going to buy this book next month”, Minh says to me (Minh tells)
Minh tells me that he is going to buy that book the following month
9 “It is high time you did your homework, boys”, said the teacher (The teacher told)
The teacher told the boys that it was high time they did their homework
10 “I was watching TV when the flame broke out two weeks ago”, the man said (The man said)
The man said that he had been watching TV when the flame had broken out two weeks before
11 “If I were rich, I would not have to work this hard”, said Kent (Kent said)
Kent said that if he were rich, he would not have to work that hard
12 “Water boils at 100°C”, said the girl (The girl said)
The girl said that water boils at 100°C
13 “We got married in 1990”, my grandmother said to me
(My grandmother told)
My grandmother told me that they got married in 1990
14 “You may find it difficult but I „d rather you didn‟t give up”, said my dad (My dad told)
My dad told me that I might find it difficult but he „d rather I didn‟t give up
15 “You can stay here with me as long as you want”, said my friend Tom to me (My friend)
My friend Tom told me that I could stay there with him as long as I wanted