Sourcebook On Intellectual Property Law

ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTYLAW Cavendish Publishing Limited CPLondon • Sydney... ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTYLAW Peter J Groves, LLB, MA, PhD, MITMA, Solicitor Cavendish Publishing Limited CPLo

ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

LAW

Cavendish Publishing Limited

CPLondon • Sydney

ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

LAW

Peter J Groves, LLB, MA, PhD, MITMA,

Solicitor

Cavendish Publishing Limited

CPLondon • Sydney

Telephone: 0171-278 8000 Facsimile: 0171-278 8080

© Groves, P 1997

All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher and copyright owner.

The right of the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Any person who infringes the above in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.

Groves, Peter

Sourcebook on Intellectual Property Law – (Sourcebook Series)

I Title II Series

344.20648

1-85941-107-X

Printed and bound in Great Britain

A colleague once introduced me to one of his clients as the firm’s intellectual property specialist, telling him that he would explain what intellectual property was as they went downstairs together (one floor) I said I would be very interested to hear the explanation.

Putting this book together has served to remind me what a huge subject intellectual property is Particularly with the intervention of the European Community, IP law changes and grows almost from day to day, and to learn the subject in the year usually assigned to it in degree courses seems to me a tremendous challenge I would have liked to have had a whole year just to teach copyright or trademarks.

I have tried in this book to present enough material to enable a student without access to extensive library facilities to get a good grasp of what intellectual property law is all about I could have put a great deal more into this book, and no doubt I could have left other things out, but I have enjoyed having the luxury of being able to pick some of my favourite cases and other materials which might be a little off the normal beaten track.

Intellectual property is a vast subject, and one in which it is hard to say convincingly that one is an expert Perhaps in the future the demand will be for individual books on patents, copyright, trademarks and designs, although

I hope they will be less extensive than this one For the time being, however, the practice is to continue to treat these diverse areas of law as a single subject.

I have sought to emphasise the common features of these different types of property in the opening chapter.

I hope that it succeeds in making your study of this fascinating subject both interesting and enjoyable.

The author’s footnotes appear without brackets in the text Square brackets indicate that the footnote was included by the original author The law is up to date to the end of 1996.

Peter J Groves May 1997

Grateful acknowledgment is made for the following:

Aubrey, P and O’Brien, DP, Patents in Perspective, in Phillips, J (ed), 1986, ESC

Publishers.

Barlow, JP, ‘A framework for rethinking patents and copyrights in the digital age (everything you know about intellectual property is wrong)’ The paper reprinted on p 22 is used by permission of Wired Ventures Ltd.

Clarke, C, ‘Photocopying from Books and Journals’ (1991) The extract from the British Copyright Council’s booklet on p 417 is used by permission of Charles Clarke.

Copyright Licensing Agency The extract reprinted on p 441 is used by permission of the CLA.

Landes, W and Posner, R, ‘An Economic Analysis of Copyright Law’ (1989) 18

Journal of Legal Studies 325.

Landes, W and Posner, R, ‘Trademark Law: An Economic Perspective’ (1987)

30 Journal of Law and Economics (2) 265.

Schechter, FI, ‘The Rational Basis of Trademark Protection’ (1925) 40 Harvard

Law Review 813.

Grateful acknowledgment is made to the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office for permission to reproduce Crown Copyright materials; to the University of Chicago Law School for permission to reproduce extracts

from the Journal of Law and Economics; and the Journal of Legal Studies; to the

Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England and Wales for permission

to reproduce extracts from the Law Reports and Weekly Law Reports; to Harvard College for permission to reproduce extracts from the Harvard Law Review; to Sweet & Maxwell for permission to reproduce extracts from the Fleet Street

Reports; and to ESC Publishers for permission to reproduce extracts from Patents in Perspective.

Every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangement at the first opportunity.

Preface vii

COPYRIGHT84 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works 93

REGISTERED DESIGNS: REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION 474

TRADEMARKS AND OTHER AREAS OF

MISREPRESENTATION BY TRADER IN COURSE OF TRADE 680

THE DEFENDANT’S ACTIONS MUST BE LIKELY TO

A & P Tea Co v Supermarket Corp 340 US 147 (1950) 194

A Bourjois & Co v Katzel 260 US 689 (1923) 513n, 526nAinsworth v Walmsley LR 1 Eq 518 (1866) 518Alain Bernardin et Cie v Pavilion Properties [1967] RPC 581 707Alexander v Haley 460 F Supp 40 (SDNY 1978) 307Allen and Hanburys v Generics [1988] 1 CMLR 701;

[1988] 2 All ER 454 73Amber Size and Chemical Co Ltd v Menzel [1913] 2 Ch 239 662, 664American Bosch Magneto Corp v Robert Bosch Magneto

Co 127 Misc 119; 215 NY Supp 387 (1926) 514nAmerican Braided Wire [1889] 6 RPC 518 151American Cyanamid Co (Dann’s) Patent [1971] RPC 425 155, 156American Cyanamid v Ethicon Ltd [1975] AC 396 730American Fruit Growers Inc v Brogbex Co 283 US 1 (1931) 190American Fruit Growers Inc v John Braadland Ltd 1, 1

Al D 239; 16 TM Rep 409 (1926) 523nAmerican Home Products v Centrafarm [1978] ECR 1823;

[1979] 1 CMLR 326 80American Steel Foundries v Robertson 269 US 372 (1926) 517n

518n, 521n, 522n, 523nAmway Corp v Eurway International Ltd [1974] RPC 82 708Anderson v Lieber Code [1917] 2 KB 469 333Anglo-American Incandescent Light Co v Gen Elec Co

43 App DC 385 (1915) 523nAnheuser-Busch Inc v Budejovicky Budvar Narodni

Podnik [1984] FSR 413 704Anheuser-Busch Inc v Budweiser Malt Products Corp

287 F 243 (SDNY 1921) 521nAnsell Rubber Co Pty Ltd v Allied Rubber Industries

Pty Ltd [1967] RPC 41 652Apple Computer Inc v Franklin Computer Corp 714 F 2d

1240 (3d Cir 1983) 297, 298, 302, 309Aristoc v Rysta [1945] AC 68 565Arzberger, Re 112 F 2d 834 (1940) 193Asahi Kasei Kogyo KK’s Application [1991] RPC 485 (HL) 103, 118, 121, 126, 130Assidoman Multipack Ltd v The Mead Corporation

[1995] FSR 225 216, 222, 223Athletes’ Foot Marketing Associates Inc v Cobra Sports

Ltd [1980] RPC 343 706Aunt Jemima Mills v Rigney & Co 247 F 407 (CCA 2d

1917); 245 US 672 (1918) 517n, 519n, 520, 523nAustin v Columbia Gramophone Co Ltd [1917–23] MCC 398 414

Badische Anilin and Soda Fabrik v H Johnson & Co

(1897) 14 RPC 919 238Bagge v Miller (1917–23) Mac CC 179 336Baglin v Cusinier 221 US 580 (1911) 512Baker v Selden 101 US 99 (1879) 272–74, 283, 299–301, 304

323, 331, 354, 355, 393, 394Ball v Broadway Bazaar (1909) 194 NY 429; 87 NE 674 518nBarclays Bank plc v RBS Advanta (1996) Times, 6 February 596Barr v US 324 US 83 (1940) 194Barton v Rex-Oil Co 2 F 2d 402 (CCA 3d 1924) 526nBasset v SACEM [1987] ECR 1747; [1987] 3 CMLR 173 86Batty v Hill (1863) I H & M 264 522nBauman v Fussell [1978] RPC 485 (CA) 353, 406Baume and Co Ltd v A H Moore Ltd [1957] RPC 459;

[1958] RPC 226 (CA) 597, 599–601Bayer Co v United Drug Co 272 F 505 (SDNY 1921) 514nBeal (ex parte) (1868) LR 3 QB 387 460Beecham Group Ltd v Bristol Laboratories International

SA [1978] RPC 521 146Beecham Group plc v Gist-Brocades NV [1986] 1 WLR 51 (HL) 17Beech Nut Packing Co v P Lorillard Co 7 F 2d 967

(CCA 3d 1925); 269 US 55 (1926) 517n, 519n, 520Belasco and Others v Commission [1989] ECR 2117 68Belegging- en Exploitatiemaatschappij Lavender BV

v Witton Industrial Diamonds Ltd [1979] FSR 59 240, 242Beloit Technologies v Valmet Paper Machinery Inc (unreported) 223Benmax v Austin Motor Co Ltd (1955) 72 RPC 39 154, 711Bergy, Re 596 F 2d (CCPA 1979) 167, 189Billhofer Maschinenfabrik GmbH v Dixon & Co Ltd [1990] FSR 105 398, 402Birmingham, Dudley & District Banking Co v Ross

(1888) 38 Ch D 295 468Birmingham Sound Reproduce Ltd v Collaro Ltd [1956] RPC 232 208Birmingham Vinegar Brewery Co Ltd v Powell [1897] AC 719 513nBlack v Murray (1870) 9 M 341 342Blanchard v Hill 2 Atk 484 (1742) 526nBleistein v Donaldson Lithographing Co 188 US 239;

47 L Ed 460; 23 S Ct 298 (1903) 328Blofeld v Payne (1833) 4 B & Ad 410 701Boardman v Phipps [1966] 3 All ER 721; [1967] 2 AC 46 652Bolinger v Costa Brava Wine Co Ltd [1960] 1 All ER 561

(the Spanish Champagne case) 710, 718, 720Bolinger v Costa Brava Wine Co Ltd (No 2) [1961] 1 WLR 277 720, 722, 725Booth Fisheries Co v Adam & Sons Grocer Co To F 2d

1007 (Ct of App DC 1926) 523n

Borden Ice Cream Co v Borden’s Condensed Milk Co

201 F 510 (CCA 7th 1912) 519n

Boulton & Watt v Bull [1795] 2 Hy Bl 463 143

Brinkibon Ltd v Stahag Stahl und Stahlwarenhandel-geselleschaft mbH [1982] 1 All ER 239 239

Bristol Conservatories Ltd v Conservatories Custom Built Ltd [1989] RPC 455 702

Bristol Myers’ Application [1969] RPC 146 141, 142 British American Glass v Winton [1962] RPC 230 692

British Broadcasting Company v Wireless League Gazette Publishing Company [1926] Ch 433 315

British Diabetic Association case [1995] 5 All ER 812 710

British Leyland Motor Corp v Armstrong Patents Co Ltd [1984] FSR 591; [1986] RPC 279; 1 All ER 850; 1 AC 577 13, 344, 393, 456, 499, 686 British Medical Association v Marsh (1931) 48 RPC 565 711, 712 British Northrop Ltd v Texteam Blackburn Ltd [1974] RPC 57 343, 463 British Nylon Spinners Ltd v ICI Ltd [1953] Ch 19; [1952] 2 All ER 780 (CA) 17

British Oxygen Co Ltd v Liquid Air Ltd [1925] Ch 383 424

British Thompson-Houston Co v Corona Lump Works (1922) 39 RPC 49 161

Broderbund Software Inc v Unison World Inc 648 F Supp 1127 (ND Cal 1986) 301

Brook v Bool [1928] 2 KB 578 242

Brooks v Religious Tract Society (1897) 45 WL 476 407

Browder v US 312 US 335 (1941) 194

Brown Bag Software v Symantec Corp No 89–16239, slip op 3719 (9th Cir April 7 1992) 304, 308 Browne v Flower [1911] 1 Ch 219 468

Bull HN Information Sys Inc v American Express Bank Ltd 1990 Copyright Law Dec (CCH) P 26, 555 (SDNY 1990) 301

Burberrys v Cording [1909] 26 RPC 693 702

Burgess v Burgess (1853) 14 Ch D 748 700

Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co v Sarony 111 US 53; 28 L Ed 349; 4 S Ct 279 (1884) 320, 321, 323, 329 Business Transfer Directive, the, Re: EC Commission v Belgium [1988] 2 CMLR 865 570

CBS Songs v Amstrad [1988] AC 1013 13

C & H Engineering v F Klucznik & Sons Ltd [1992] FSR 427–29 499

CiVC v Wineworths [1991] 2 NZLR 432 725

CLR v Muller & Co’s Margarine Ltd [1901] AC 217 707, 709, 719 CMS Software Design Sys Inc v Info Designs Inc 785 F 2d 1246 (5th Cir 1986) 297

Cadbury Ltd v Ulmer GmbH [1988] FSR 385 683

Cadbury Schweppes Pty Ltd v The Pub Squash Co Ltd [1981] RPC 429 681

Cal Packing Corp v Halferty 295 F 229 (Ct of App DC 1924) 521n Campbell Connolly & Co Ltd v Noble [1963] 1 All ER 247; [1963] 1 WLR 252 17

Canal Co v Clark 13 Wall 311 (US 1871) 512n Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung v Herbert Smith & Co (No 2) [1969] 2 All ER 367; [1969] 2 Ch 276 654

Carroll v Duluth Superior Milling Co 232 F 675 (CCA 8th 1916) 519n Catnic Components Ltd v Hill & Smith Ltd [1982] RPC 183 141, 209, 211–13, 215 218, 222–24, 227, 344 Catnic Components v C Evans & Co [1983] FSR 401 141

Cellular Clothing Co Ltd v Maxton and Murray (1899) 16 RPC 397 684

Centrafarm v American Home Products case 3/78 [1978] ECR 1823 575

Centrafarm BV and Adriaan de Peijper v Sterling Drug Inc [1974] ECR 1147 85

Centrafarm v Sterling Drug [1974] ECR 1147; [1974] 2 CMLR 480 76, 79 Centrafarm v Winthrop case 16/74 [1974] WCR 1183; 2 CMLR 480 79, 575 Century Electric Co v Thomson-Diggs Co TM Rep 340 (Com Dec 1923) 523n Chadwick v Covell 151 Mass 90; 23 NE 1068 (1890) 526n Champagne case, the [1960] RPC 16; [1961] RPC 116 675–77 Chanel Ltd v Triton Packaging Ltd [1993] RPC 32 595

Chaplin v Leslie Frewin (Publishers) Ltd [1966] Ch 71; [1965] 3 All ER 764 (CA) 17

Chelsea Man Menswear Ltd v Chelsea Girl Ltd [1987] RPC 189 607

Children’s Television Workshop Inc v Woolworths (New South Wales) Ltd [1981] RPC 187 731

Chilton v Progress Printing Company [1895] 2 Ch 29 316

Chiron Corporation v Organon Technika Ltd (No 3) [1994] FSR 202 162

Ciba Geigy’s Propagating Material Application [1984] OJ EPO 112 197

Clothworkers of Ipswich, the (1615) Godbolt 252 573

Cobbett v Woodward (1872) LR 14 Eq 407 287

Coca-Cola Co’s Application, Re [1986] RPC 421; 1 WLR 695 13, 686 Coca-Cola Co v Koke Co 254 US 143 (1920) 513n Coca-Cola Co v Old Dominion Beverage Corp 271 Fed 600 (CCA 4th 1921) 526n Coca-Cola of Canada v Pepsi-Cola of Canada (1942) 59 RPC 127 577

COCA-COLA TM [1986] RPC 421 554 Cochrane v Deener 94 US 780, 24 L Ed 139 (1877) 165, 167 Coco v A N Clark (Eng) Ltd [1969] RPC 41 644, 647, 652, 654

Coditel v Cine Vog (No 1) [1980] ECR 881 86, 96Coditel v Cine Vog (No 2) [1982] ECR 3381 98Collaborative Research Inc (Preprorennin) Application

(Decision T81/87) [1990] Official Journal EPO 250 137Collins v Imtrat Handelsgesellschaft mbH Patricia

Im-und Export Verwaltungsgeselleschaft v EMI

Electrola GmbH [1994] FSR 166; [1995] 1 CEC 545 89, 91Combe International Ltd v Scholl (UK) Ltd [1980] RPC 1 691Commercial Solvents v Commission [1974] ECR 223 61, 67Commission v BASF and Others case C–137/92 P [1994]

ECR 1–2555 68Commission v UK case C–90/30 [1992] ECR I–829 252Computer Aided Systems v Bolwell (23 August 1989, unreported) 357Computer Associates International Inc v Altai Inc 1992

US App Lexis 14305; 23 USPQ 2D 1241 (CA 2 1992) 290, 291

293, 296, 302, 303

310, 355–57, 378, 402Concrete Machinery Co v Classic Lawn Ornaments Inc

843 F 2d 600 (1st Cir 1988) 304Conseil National de L’Ordre des Architects v Egle

[1992] 2 CMLR 113 570Consorzio del Prosciutto di Parma v Marks & Spencer

[1991] RPC 351 694Consten and Grundig [1966] ECR 299; [1966] CMLR 418 45, 47Cowan [1989] ECR 195 93Cranleigh Precision Engineering Ltd v Bryant [1965]

1 WLR 1293; [1966] RPC 81 646, 648Crescent Tool v Kilborn & Bishop (1917) 247 F 299 694Croft v Day (1843) 7 Beav 84 680Crump Co v Lindsay 130 Va 144; 107 SE 679 (1921) 519n, 526nCutler v Wandsworth Stadium [1949] AC 398 675

D’Alamaine v Booset (1835) 1 Y & C Ex 288 414Data East USA Inc v Epyx Inc 862 F 2d 204 (9th Cir 1988) 299, 307, 308Deacons v Bridge [1984] 2 All ER 19 670

de Cordova v Vick Chemical Co (1951) 68 RPC 103 565, 577Dee Corporation [1990] RPC 159 555Deering Harvester Co v Whitman & Barnes Mfg Co 91

F 376 (CCA 6th 1898) 514nDent v Turpin (1861) 2 J & H 139 674

de Peijper case 104/75 [1976] ECR 613 73Derek McCulloch v Lewis A May (Produce Distributors)

Ltd [1947] RPC 58 710–13

Deta Nominees Pty Ltd v Viscount Plastic Products

Pty Ltd [1979] VR 167 652

Deutsche Grammophon v Metro-SB Grossmärkt [1971] ECR 487 56, 59, 69, 70, 75, 84, 92 Deutsche Renault AG [1995] 1 CMLR 461 575

Diamond v Chakrabarty 447 US 303; 65 L Ed 2d 144; 100 S Ct 2204 (1980) 164, 166, 188, 189 Diamond v Diehr (1981 Supreme Court) 450 US 177; 67 L Ed 2d 160 163

Dicks v Brooks (1880) 15 Ch D 22 461

Diehr, Re 602 F 2d 982 (1979) 164

Digital Communications Assocs Inc v Softklone Distrib Corp 659 F Supp 449 (NDGa 1987) 298, 304, 306 Dixon Crucible Co v Guggenheim 2 Brewst 321 (Pa 1869) 525n Dolland’s case [1776] 1 WPC 43 143, 144 Dorling v Honnor Marine Ltd [1965] 1 Ch 1 462

Drive It Yourself Co v North 148 Md 609; 130 Atl 57 (1925) 526n Duchess of Argyll v Duke of Argyll [1967] Ch 302 645, 646, 649 Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v David Moseley & Sons Ltd (1904) 21 RPC 274 240, 241, 469 Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v Holborn Tyre Co Ltd (1901) 18 RPC 209 469

Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v Neal [1899] 1 Ch 807 469

Du Pont’s (Witsiepe) Application [1982] FSR 303 (HL) 144

Duro Pump & Mfg Co v Cal Cedar Products Co F 2d 205 (Ct of App DC 1926) 522n Dynamic Solutions Inc v Planning & Control Inc 1987 Copyright Law Dec (CCH) P 26,061 (SDNY 1987) 301

E F Johnson Co v Uniden Corp of America 623 F Supp 1485 (D Minn 1985) 308

E I Du Pont de Nemours & Co’s Application (1954) 71 RPC 263 119

EMI v Lissen [1939] 56 RPC 23 206

EMI Electrola v Patricia [1989] ECR 79; 2 CMLR 544 88

EMI Records v CBS UK [1976] ECR 811; [1976] 2 CMLR 235 94

E Worsley & Co Ltd v Cooper [1939] 1 All ER 290 662, 664, 666 Eastman Kodak Co v Kodak Cycle Co 15 RPC 105 (1898) 517n, 520, 523n Eastman Kodak Co v Kodel Mfg Co 349 OG PO 717 (1926) 523n Edelstein v Edelstein 1 De GL & S 185 (1863) 516n, 700 Edge v Niccolls (1911) 28 RPC 582 693, 695 Edgebury v Stephens [1693] 1 WPC 35 143

Edwards and Co v Picard [1909] 2 KB 903 (CA) 17

Eibel Process Co v Minnesota & Ontario Paper Co 261

US 45; L Ed 523; 43 S Ct 322 (1923) 167Elanco Products Ltd v Mandops (Agricultural

Specialists) Ltd [1980] RPC 213 316Eliot v Hodgson (1902) 19 RPC 518 695Ely-Norris Safe Co v Mosler Safe Co 7 F 2d 603 (CCA 2d 1925) 511nEmerson v Davies (1845) 3 Story 768 342Erven Warnink BV v John Townsend and Sons (Hull)

Ltd [1979] AC 731 673, 691, 719

720, 724–26, 730Evans v E Hutton & Co Ltd [1923–28] MacG CC 51 336Express Newspapers v Liverpool Daily Post [1985] FSR 306 333Exxon Corp v Exxon Insurance Consultants [1982] RPC 69 (CA) 333, 335, 553

FC of T v United Aircraft Corp (1943) 68 CLR 525 652Faccenda Chicken v Fowler [1986] Ch 117; [1986]

FSR 291; [1986] 1 All ER 617; [1986] 3 WLR 288 656Farina v Silverlock 30 Eng L & Eq R 514 (1856) 516n, 683Feist Publications Inc v Rural Telephone Service Co

111 S Ct 1282 (1991) 309, 310, 318Fido Dido Inc v Venture Stores (Retailers) Pty Ltd 16 IPR 365 732Financial Information Inc v Moody’s Investors

Service Inc 751 F 2d 501 (CA 2 1984) 329Financial Information Inc v Moody’s Investors

Service Inc 808 F 2d 204 (CA 2 1986); 484 US 820;

98 L Ed 2d 42; 108 S Ct 79 (1987) 329Fomento v Mentmore [1956] RPC 87 (CA) 140, 142Football League Ltd v Littlewoods Pools Ltd [1959] Ch 637 317Ford Motor Co v Cady Co Inc 124 Misc 678; 2 OG NY

Stil 574 (1925); 216 App Div 786; 214 NY Supp 838 (1926) 523nFord Motor Co v Floyd 151 MD337 (Com Dec); 16 TM

Rep 535 (1926) 523nFord Motor Co and Iveco Fiat’s Design Applications

[1993] RPC 417; [1995] 1 WLR 18 (HL) 479, 483, 484Ford Motor Co v John A McAdoo 151 MD 253

(Com Dec); 16 TM Rep 404 (1926) 523nFrance Milling Co v Washburn-Crosby 7 F 2d 304 (CCA 2d 1925) 519n, 521n, 522nFrancis, Day & Hunter Ltd v Bron [1963] Ch 587 413, 461Francis, Day & Hunter Ltd v Feldman & Co [1914] 2 Ch 783 411Francis, Day & Hunter Ltd v Twentieth-Century Fox

Corp Ltd [1940] AC 112 314Fraser v Edwards [1905–10] Mac G Cop Cas 10 651Fraser v Thames Television [1983] 2 All ER 101

(the Rock Follies case) 650

Fred Fisher Inc v Dillingham (1924) 298 F 145 415Funk Bros Seed Co v Kalo Inoculant Co 333 US 127;

RPC 613 135–38, 140, 154, 172

179, 180, 185, 188, 195General Tire & Rubber Co v Firestone Tyre & Rubber

Co [1972] RPC 456 147, 148, 150Geographia v Penguin Books [1985] FSR 208 405–07Gilbert v Star Newspapers Co Ltd (1894) 11 TLR 4 651Gillette Safety Razor Co v Anglo-American Trading

Co Ltd [1913] 30 RPC 465 147Globelegance BE v Sarkissian [1974] RPC 603 708Glyn v Weston Feature Film Company [1916] 1 Ch 261 411Goldstein v California 412 US 546; 37 L Ed 2d 163;

93 S Ct 2303 (1973) 321Goodall Worsted Co v Palm Knitting Co To F 2d 1013

(Ct of App DC 1926) 523nGottschalk v Benson 409 US 63; 34 L Ed 2d 273; 93

S Ct 253 (1972) 164–68, 191Graham v John Deere Co 383 US 1 (1966) 190, 194Green v Broadcasting Corpn of New Zealand [1989] RPC 700 11Greer v Kettle [1938] AC 156 396Greyhound Racing Association v Challis [1923–28] MCC 370 313Guccio Gucci SpA v Paolo Gucci [1991] FSR 89 719Guggenheim v Cantrell & Cochrane Ltd 10 F 2d 805

(Ct of App DC 1920) 526n

H H Macy Co Inc v Manbeck Packing Co 35 OG PF 441 (1926) 519n

H P Bulmer Ltd v J Bolinger SA [1978] RPC 79 563Hall v Barrows 4 De GJ & S 150 (1863) 518nHALLELUJAH [1976] RPC 605 559

Handle Cord for Battery case [1991] IIC 104, GRUR (1989) 72 214Hanfstaengl v Empire Palace [1894] 3 Ch 109 411, 460, 461Hanover Star Milling Co v Metcalf 240 US 403 (1916) 512, 516n, 517nHarman Pictures NV v Osborne [1967] 1 WLR 723 347, 349Harmer v Jumbil (Nigeria) Tin Areas Ltd [1921] 1 Ch 200 468Harper & Row, Publishers Inc v Nation Enterprises 471

US 539; 85 L Ed 2d 588; 105 S Ct 2218 (1985) 320, 322

323, 325, 326, 329Harrods Ltd v R Harrod Ltd (1923) 41 RPC 74 517nHarrods v The Harrodian School (1996) Times, 3 April 702Hartranft v Wiegman 121 US 609 (1887) 191Harvard College’s Onco-Mouse Application [1989] OJ EPO 451 199Harwood v The Great Northern Railway Company (1864) 11 HL 150Hauptzollamt München-Mitte v Technische Universität

München [1991] ECR 1–5469 68Havana Cigar & Tobacco Factories Ltd v Oddenino

(1923) 41 RPC 47 .511n, 516n, 523nHAVE A BREAK TM [1992] RPC 217 554Hawkes & Son (London) Ltd v Paramount Film Service

Ltd [1934] Ch 593 423Heath’s Patent, Re (1912) 56 Sol Jo 538 17Heavy Metal Oxydation Catalysts case GRUR (1989) 3 214Henderson v Radio Corporation [1969] RPC 218 710Herbert Morris Ltd v Saxelby [1916] 1 AC 688 647, 662, 663, 665Herbert Rosenthal Jewelry Corp v Kalpakian 44 F 2d

7387742 (9th Cir 1971) 304, 306Hicks v Anchor Packing Co 16 F 2d 723 (CCA 3d 1926) 514Hickton’s Patent Syndicate v Patents & Machine Improvements

Co Ltd (1909) 26 RPC 339 178, 185, 186, 195, 196Hill v Evans [1852] 4 De GF & J 288 148Hill v TVA 437 US 153 (1978) 195Hill v William Hill (Park Lane) Ltd [1949] AC 530 567Hills v Evans (1862) LJ Ch 457 135Hilson Co v Foster 80 F 896 (SDNY 1897) 524nHilti v Commission [1994] ECR 1–667 63Hilton v Hilton 89 NJ Eq 149; 102 Atl 16 (1917) 514nHodgkinson & Corby Ltd v Wards Mobility Services Ltd

[1995] FSR 169 (the ROHO case) 686Hoechst v Commission [1989] ECR 2859 66Hoehling v Universal City Studios Inc 618 F 2d 972

(2d Cir); 449 US 841 (1980) 307, 329, 410Hoffman-La Roche v Centrafarm case 102/77 [1978]

ECR 1139; [1979] 3 CMLR 217 81, 83

Höfner and Elser v Macroton [1991] ECR 1–1979 63Hogg v Scott (1874) LR 18 Eq 444 348Horgan v Macmillan 789 F 2d 157 (2d Cir 1986) 297Howe v Searing 10 Abb Pr 264 (NY 1860) 525nHubbard v Vosper [1972] 2 QB 85 422Hughes v Alfred H Smith Co 205 F 302 (SDNY 1913) 513nHumpherson v Syer [1887] 4 RPC 184; [1887] 407 (CA) 140, 142, 144Hunyadi Janos Corp v Stoeger 10 F 2d 26 (CCA 2d 1925) 514n

IBM Corp/Computer-related invention (Decision T115/85)

[1990] EPOR 107 183, 186, 188IBM Corp/Data processor network (Decision T06/83)

[1990] EPOR 91 183, 186IBM Corp/Document abstracting and retrieving

(Decision T22/85) [1990] EPOR 98 181, 183, 187, 188IBM Corp/Text processing (Decision T65/86) [1990] EPOR 181 181, 188

I G Farbenindustrie AG’s Patents [1930] 47 RPC 289 145–47IHT [1995] FSR 59 96Ibcos Computers Ltd v Poole [1994] FSR 275 388

I CAN’T BELIEVE IT’S YOGHURT TM [1992] RPC 533 554Imperial Chemical Industries PLC’s (Herbicides)

Application (Decision T206/83) (1986) 5 EPOR 232;

[1987] Official Journal EPO 5 137Imperial Tobacco Co of India Ltd v Borman (1924) 41 RPC 441 513nImprover Corporation v Remington Consumer Products

Ltd [1989] RPC 69 209, 212, 213,

218, 222, 224, 227Independent Television Publications v Time Out [1984] FSR 64 315Interlego AG v Tyco Industries Inc and others [1988]

RPC 343, [1989] AC 217 13, 341, 484, 499International Business Machines Corp’s Application [1980] FSR 564 172, 185International News Service v Associiated Press 248 US 215 (1918) 6, 325, 511n, 682Ion Analysis case [1992] IIC 249 213Iron-Ox Remedy Co Ltd v Co-operative Wholesale Society

Ltd (1907) 24 RPC 425 700Irving Berlin v EC Publications Inc (1964) 329 F 2d 541 410

JB Williams Co v H Bronnley & Co Ltd (1909) 26 RPC 765 685, 693Jade, The [1976] 1 All ER 920 119Jarman & Blatt v Barget [1977] FSR 260 694Jarrold v Coulston (1857) 3 K & J 708 347, 403Jeweler’s Circular Publishing Co v Keystone Publishing

Co 281 F 83 (CA 2 1922) 324, 328, 329

John Haig’s Co Ltd v Forth Blending Co Ltd (1953) 70 RPC 259 683John Richardson Computers Ltd v Flanders and Chemtec

Ltd [1993] FSR 497 349, 394, 402Johns-Manville Corp’s Patent [1967] RPC 479 151, 156Johnson Controls Inc v Phoenix Control Sys Inc 886

F 2d 1173 (9th Cir 1989) 298John Wyeth & Brothers’ Application: Schering AG’s

Application [1985] RPC 545 162Joy Music Ltd v Sunday Pictorial Newspapers (1920)

Ltd [1960] 2 QB 60 412, 413

Kalman v PCL Packaging [1982] FSR 406 237Kastner v Rizla [1995] RPC 985 (CA) 218Kaufman v Kaufman 223 Mass 104; 3 NE 691 (1916) 519nKaye v Chubb & Sons Ltd [1887] 4 RPC 289 147Kemtron Properties Ltd v Jimmy’s Co Ltd [1979] FSR 86 695Kenrick & Co v Lawrence & Co (1890) 25 QBD 99 288, 340, 392Keurkoop v Nancy Kean Gifts (1982) ECR 2853 54, 66, 67, 70, 71, 98Kewanee Oil Co v Bicron Corp 416 US 470 (1974) 189, 190King, The v Arkwright, Webster’s Patent cases Vol 1, 64 202King Features Syndicate Inc v O de M Kleeman [1941] AC 417 461Kodak Ltd v Thomas Illingworth & Co Ltd 43 RPC 33 (1926) 523nKoppel Ind Car & Equip Co v Orenstein & Koppel 12 F

2d 1009 (SDNY 1926) 514nKoursk, The [1924] All ER Rep 168 242Krisarts v Briarfine [1977] FSR 577 407

LB Plastics Ltd v Swish Products Ltd [1979] RPC 551 288, 290, 343, 392,

398, 463, 464, 466Ladbroke (Football) v William Hill [1964] 1 All ER 465;

[1964] 1 WLR 273 (HL) 313, 343, 345, 351,

357, 378, 402, 406Lansing Linde Ltd v Kerr [1991] 1 WLR 251 669Latimer (ex parte) (1889) CD 123 192Lawrence v Sharpless Co 203 F 762 (E D Pa 1913) 519nLeather Cloth Co v American Leather Cloth Co 11 HL

Cas 523 (1865) 516n, 680Lego Systems A/S v Lego M Lemelstrick Ltd [1983] FSR 155 726Leon v Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co 91 F 2d 484 (CA 9 1937) 324

Le Roy v Tatham 14 How 156; 14 L Ed 367 (1853) 166, 167, 191Leslie v Young & Sons [1894] AC 335 315, 316Libby, McNeill & Libby v Libby 241 Mass 139; 135 NE 120 (1922) 517n

Lincoln Motor Co v Lincoln Mfg Co 151 MD 224 (Com Dec);

16 TM 411 (1926) 523nLincoln Motor Co v Lincoln Products Co 151 MD 226

(Com Dec); 16 TM 409 (1926) 523nLister & Co’s Patent, Re [1965] FSR 178 160Littlewoods Organisation Ltd v Harris [1977] 1 WLR 1472 665Lord & Taylor v Kaufman Department Stores Inc, US

Daily, 28 February 1927 (Com Dec) 523nLotus Dev Corp v Borland International Inc 788 F

Supp 78 (D Mass 1992) 310Lotus Dev Corp v Paperback Software International

740 F Supp 37 (D Mass 1990) 298, 299, 306, 311Loughran v Quaker City Chocolate Co 286 F 694 (E D Pa 1923) 526nLowe’s Boston Theatres Co v Lowe 248 Mass 456;

143 NE 496 (1924) 519nLynstad v Anabas Products Ltd [1975] FSR 488 733

MS Associates v Power [1988] FSR 242 408MacDonalds v Burger King [1986] FSR 45 594Mackay Radio & Telegraph Corp v Radio Corp of America

306 US 86; 83 L Ed 506; 59 S Ct 427 9 (1939) 167Macmillan & Co Ltd v Cooper (1923) 40 TLR 186 341, 343, 351Major Bros v Franklin & Son (1908) 25 RPC 406 513nManufacturers Technologies Inc v Cams Inc 706 F Supp

984 (D Conn 1989) 306, 307Marbury v Madison 1 Cranch 137 (1803) 193Margarete Steiff Inc v Bing 215 F 204 (SDNY 1914) 511nMarsden v Saville Street Co (1878) LR Ex D 203 573Matania v The National & Provincial Bank Ltd [1936] 2 All ER 633 468May & Baker Ltd v Boots Pure Drug Co Ltd (1950) 67 RPC 23 155Mazer v Stein 347 US 201 (1954) 290, 299McDowell’s Application, Re (1926) 43 RPC 313 514n, 515n, 523nMcLean v Fleming 96 US 245 (1877) 513n, 516nMense and Ampere Electrical Manufacturing Co Pty

Ltd v Milenkovic [1973] VR 784 652Merchandising Corp of America v Harpbond [1983] FSR 32 (CA) 345Mercury Communications Ltd v Mercury Interactive Ltd [1995] FSR 580 597Merrill Lynch’s Application, Re [1989] RPC 561 (CA) 169

172, 181, 186–88Merck v Stephar [1981] ECR 2063; [1981] 3 CMLR 463 75, 78Meters Ltd v Metropolitan Gas Meters Ltd (1911) 28 RPC 163 246Michelin v Commission [1983] ECR 3461 59, 60, 63Miles v Clarke [1953] 1 WLR 537 395

Miller v Universal City Studios Inc 650 F 2d 1365 (CA 5 1981) 321, 325, 329Millington v Fox 3 Myl & C 338 (1838) 516Mills Music Inc v Snyder 469 US 153; 83 L Ed 2d 556;

105 S Ct 556 (1985) 325–27Ministère Public v Deserbais [1988] ECR 4907 66Ministère Public v Tournier [1989] ECR 1425 54Mirage Studios v Counter-Feat Clothing [1991] FSR 145 710, 729Mobil Oil Corp v Chevron Research Co (Friction- reducing additive)

(Decision G02/88) [1990] EPOR 7; [1990] Official Journal EPO 93 137Mölnlycke AB v Proctor & Gamble Ltd (No 3) [1990] RPC 498 159Morrissey v Proctor & Gamble Co 379 F 2d 675 (1st Cir 1967) 304Morton-Norwich Products v Intercen [1978] RPC 501 242Moscal v US 498 US 103; 112 L Ed 2d 449; 111 S Ct 461 (1990) 328Motley v Downnan 3 Myl & C 1 (1837) 516nMouson & Co v Boehm [1884] 26 Ch D 398 703Munich Reinsurance Co v First Reinsurance Co 6 F

2d 741 (CCA 2d 1925) 514Musik-Vertrieb Membran and K-tel, joined cases 55

and 57/80 [1981] ER 147 76, 88, 91

My Kinda Town Ltd v Soll [1983] RPC 407 684

Nat Commodities Co v Viret 296 F 664 (CCA 2d 1924) 521n, 523nNat Grocery Stores Corp v Nat Stores Corp 95 NJ Eq

588; 123 Atl 740 (1924) 519n

Nat Picture Theatres v Foundation Film Corp 266 F

208 (CCA 2d 1920) 519nNaylor v Hutson and others [1994] FSR 63 11Nelson v Winchell & Co 203 Mass 75; 89 NE 180 (1909) 513nNews Group Newspapers Ltd v Mirror Group Newspapers

(1986) Ltd [1989] FSR 126 595Nichols v Universal Picture Corp 45 F 2d 119 (2d

Cir 1930); 282 US 902 (1931) 297, 303, 338, 350

355, 356, 377, 393Nickola v Peterson 580 F 2d 898 (CA6 1978) 167

No Fume v Pitchford [1935] 52 RPC 231 (CA) 202Nold v Commission [1974] ECR 491 66Novelty Textile Hulls Inc v Joan Fabrics Corp 558

F 2d 1090 (2d Cir 1977) 296Nungesser and Eisele v Commission (the Maize Seed case)

[1982] ECR 2015; [1983] 1 CMLR 278 46O’Cedar Ltd v Slough Trading Co Ltd [1927] 2 KB 123 468

Oertli AG v Bowman (London) Ltd [1957] RPC 388 708Office Cleaning Services Ltd v Westminster Window

and General Cleaners Ltd (1946) 63 RPC 39 684, 700Olin Mathieson Chemical Corp v Biorex Laboratories

Ltd [1970] RPC 157 156O’Reilly v Morse 15 How 62; 14 L Ed 601 (1854) 167, 191ORLWOOLA (1909) 26 RPC 693 560

PLG Research Ltd and another v Ardon International

Ltd and another [1995] FSR 116 (CA) 209, 218, 222, 223Pabst Brewing Co v Decatur Brewing Co 294 F 110 (CCA 7th 1922) 521n, 522nPain, Gustavson v Haviland, Re [1919] 1 Ch 38 18Pall Corp v Commercial Hydraulics [1990] FSR 329 135, 136Parke Davis & Co v Probel case 24/67 [1968] ECR 55 72Parker v Flook 437 US 584; 57 L Ed 451; 98 S Ct 2522 (1978) 166–68, 189,

191, 193, 194Parker-Knoll Ltd v Knoll International Ltd [1962] RPC 265 600–03Parks-Cramer Co v G W Thornton & Sons Ltd [1966] RPC 407 159Patterson Zochonis and Co Ltd v Mefarkin Packaging

Ltd [1986] 3 All ER 522 (CA) 17Payton & Co Ltd v Snelling Lampard & Co Ltd (1899) 17 RPC 48 685Pease v Scott County Milling Co 5 F 2d 524 (E D Mo 1925) 521n, 522nPepper (Inspector of Taxes) v Hart [1992] 3 WLR 1032 483Perrin v US 444 US 37; 62 L Ed 2d 199; 100 S Ct 311 (1978) 164, 190Perry v Truefitt (1842) 6 Beav 66 516n, 680Peter Pan Fabrics Inc v Martin Weiner Corp 274 F

2d 487 (2d Cir 1960) 299Pfizer v Eurim-Pharm [1981] ECR 2913 83Pharmon BV v Hoechst AS case 19/84 [1985] ECR 2281; 3 CMLR 775 73, 78Phil Collins v IMRAT Handelsgeselleschaft GmbH

[1993] 3 CMLR 773 1Philips (Bosgra’s) Application [1974] RPC 241 156Pillsbury v Pillsbury-Washburn Flour Mills Co 64 F 841 (CCA 7th 1894) 525nPillsbury-Washburn Flour Mills Co Lt v Eagle 86 F 608 (CCA 7th 1898) 525n, 676Pioneer Electronics Capital Inc v Warner Music

Manufacturing Europe GmbH [1995] RPC 487 571Plains Cotton Co-op v Goodpasture Computer Service

Inc 807 F 2d 1256 (5th Cir); 484 US 821 (1987) 301, 307Plix Products v Frank M Winstone [1986] FSR 92 288Poiret v Jules Poiret Ltd (1920) 37 RPC 177 707Potter-Wrightington v Ward Baking Co 288 F 597 (D Mass 1923) 511nPowell v Birmingham Vinegar Brewery Co Ltd 13 RPC 235 (1896) 513nPractice Statement (Judicial Precedent) [1966] 1 WLR 1234 466

Prestoncues Inc v Coty 264 US 359 (1924) 516nPrince Albert v Strange (1849) 1 Mac & G 25 645, 651Printers and Finishers Ltd v Holloway [1965] RPC 659;

[1964] 1 All ER 731; [1965] WLR 1 664–66Printing and Numerical Registering Co v Sampson (1875) LR 19 Eq 462 17Provident Financial Plc v Halifax Building Society [1994] FSR 81 600Puerto Rico v Shell Co 302 US 253 (1937) 194

Q-Co Industries Inc v Hoffman 625 F Supp 608 (SDNY 1985) 298, 308Quantel (Bedford) Ltd v Spaceward Microsystems Ltd [1990] RPC 83 135

R v Immigration Appeal Tribunal, ex parte Antonissen

[1991] 2 CMLR 373 570

R v Patents Appeal Tribunal, ex parte Swift & Co

[1962] 2 QB 647; [1962] RPC 37 483

R Elliott & Co Ltd v Hodgson (1902) 19 RPC 518 683

R H Macy & Co v N Y Grocery Co 276 OG PO 506 (1920) 523nRTE and Independent Television Publications v Commission

[1995] 4 CMLR 18 (the Magill case) 55, 61, 64, 67, 508Ralli v Fleming 3 Ind L R (Calcutta series) 417 (1878) 513nRansburg Co v Aerostyle Ltd [1968] RPC 287 147Ravenhead Brick Co v Ruabon Brick Co (1937) 54 RPC

341 (the ‘Rus/Sanrus’ case) 566, 578Ravenscroft v Herbert [1980] RPC 193 347Reckitt and Colman (Products) Ltd v Borden Inc [1990]

1 WLR 491 (the Jif Lemon case) 679, 682, 692, 693, 696

710, 720Reddaway v Banham [1896] AC 199 516n, 680, 691, 692

700, 702Rees v Melville (1936) Mac CC 107 349Reid and Sigrist Ltd v Moss and Mechanism Ltd (1932) 49 RPC 461 664Reiss Engineering v Harris [1987] RPC 171 257

Richards v Butler [1982] 2 Ch 116; [1982] 6 Lj Ch 387;

[1982] 66 LT 487 19Ritz-Carlton Restaurant & Hotel Co v Independent

Grocers’ Corp NY S Ct, NYLJ 16 October 1922 183;

206 App Div 605; 198 NY Supp 944 (1923) 523nRobb v Green [1895] 2 QB 315; [1895–99] All ER 1053 664Robert Bosch Aktiengesellschaft’s Application, Re 43 RPC 18 (1925) 514Rodi & Weinberger AG v Henry Showell Ltd [1969] RPC 367 205, 207

Rosemont Enterprises Inc v Random House Inc 366 F

2d 303 (CA 2 1966); 385 US 1009; 17 L Ed 2d 546;

87 S Ct 714 (1967) 325Rosenberg Bros & Co v Elliott 7 F 2d 962 (CCA 3d 1925) 524nRose Plastics GmbH v William Beckett & Co (Plastics)

Ltd (2 July 1987, unreported) 345Roth Greeting Cards v United Card Co 429 F 2d 1106 (9th Cir 1970) 306ROTOLOK [1968] RPC 227 559Rouss v Winchester Co 300 F 706 (CCA 2d 1924); 266 US 607 (1924) 513nRubber-Tip Pencil Co v Howard 20 Wall 498; 22 L Ed 410 (1874) 166Rubik Cube of Polytechnika etc v Dallas Print

Transfers Ltd [1982] FSR 529 694Rural Telephone Service Co v Feist Publications Inc

737 F Supp 610 (Kan 1990) 319

SA CNL-SUCAL NV v HAG GF AG [1990] 3 CMLR 571 (HAG 2) 96, 574, 575SAS Institute Inc v S & H Computer Sys Inc 605 F

Supp 816 (MD Tenn 1985) 298SEC v Sloan 436 US 103 (1978) 193Saalfield Pub Co v Merriam Co 238 F 1 (CCA 6th 1917) 514nSaltman Engineering Co Ltd v Campbell Engineering

Co Ltd [1948] 65 RPC 203 643, 645–47, 654Samson Cordage Works v Puritan Cordage Mills 211 F

603 (CCA 6th 1914) 519nSamuelson v Producers Distributing Co Ltd [1932] 1 Ch 201 713Scandinavia Belting Co v Asbestos & Rubber Works

257 F 937 (CCA 2d 1919) 516nSchering Chemicals v Falkman [1981] 2 All ER 321 647Schroeder v Macauley [1974] 1 WLR 1308 448nSchweppes Ltd and others v Wellingtons Ltd [1984] FSR 210 412Scott v Stanford (1867) LR 3 Eq 723 316Seager v Copydex [1967] 1 WLR 923 643, 645, 646, 648,

649, 651Sega Enterprises Ltd v Accolade Inc (1992) US App Lexis 26645 357Sheldon v Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corp 81 F 2d 49

(2d Cir); 298 US 669 (1936) 297, 308, 320Shell Dev Co v Watson 149 F Supp 279 (DC 1957) 190Sheraton Corp of America v Sheraton Motels Ltd [1964] RPC 202 707

Shredded Wheat Co v Humphrey Cornell Co 250 F 960

(CCA 2d 1918) 514n, 526nSid & Marry Krofft Television Productions Inc v

McDonald’s Corp 562 F 2d 1157 (9th Cir 1977) 297Sifam Electrical Instrument Co Ltd v Salzgamo Weston

Ltd [1973] RPC 899 480

Simplex Electric Heating Co v Ramsey Co Dec Com (1916) 521nSinger Manufacturing Co v Loog (1880) 18 Ch D 395 692, 722Sirdar Rubber Co Ltd v Wallington Weston & Co (1907) 24 RPC 539 467, 469Sirena v EDA and Others [1971] ECR 69 59Sir W C Leng & Co Ltd v Andrews [1909] 1 Ch 763 663SmithKline & French Laboratories’ Application [1968] RPC 415 135SmithKline & French Laboratories v R D Harbottle

(Mercantile) and others [1980] RPC 363 235, 239Societé Anonyme des Anciens Etablissements Panhard et Levassor

v Panhard Levassor Motor Co Ltd (1901) 18 RPC 405 707Society of Motor Manufacturers etc Ltd v Motor

Manufacturers etc Ins Co Ltd (1925) 42 RPC 307 517nSodastream Ltd v Thorn Cascade Ltd [1982] RPC 459 719Solar Thomson Engineering Co Ltd v Barton [1977] RPC 537 463, 469, 471Sony Corp v Universal City Studios Inc 464 US 417 (1984) 290Southco Inc v Dzus Fastner Europe Ltd [1992] RPC 299 (CA) 212Southeastern Community College v Davis 442 US 397 (1979) 190Southorn v Reynolds (1865) 12 LT (NS) 75 674Spalding v Gamage (1915) 32 RPC 273 674, 700, 704, 719Spectravest Inc v Aperknit Inc [1988] FSR 161 362Stannard v Harrison (1871) 19 WR 811 405Stannard v Lee (1871) LR 6 Ch 340 405Star Industrial Ltd v Yap Kwee Kor [1975] FSR 256 703, 706, 728Stem Electronics v Kauffman 669 F 2d 852 (2d Cir 1982) 298Stewart v Abend 495 US 207 (1990) 297Stringfellow v McCain Foods (GB) Ltd [1984] RPC 501 720, 726Stroughill v Buck (1850) 14 QB 781 396Sweet Sixteen Co v Sweet ‘16’ Shop Inc 15 F 2d 920 (CCA 8th 1926) 520nSynercom Technology Inc v University Computing Co

462 F Supp 1003 (ND Tex 1978) 301

TVA v Hill 437 US 153 (1978) 193Taittinger v Allber [1993] 2 CMLR 741 (elderflower Champagne case) 703, 710, 715Talbot v General Television Corp Pty Ltd [1981] RPC 1 651, 653, 654Tam Manufacturing Co v Notek Engineering Co Ltd

(1951) 68 RPC 271 565Tancred v Delagoa Bay and East African Rly Co (1889)

23 QBD 239 (DC) 18Tate v Thomas [1921] 1 Ch 503 335Taverner Rutledge Ltd v Trexapalm Ltd [1975] FSR 179 732, 733Technograph Printed Circuits Ltd v Mills & Rockley

(Electronics) Ltd [1971] FSR 193 152, 153, 158Terrapin Ltd v Builders’ Supply Co (Hayes) Ltd [1960] RPC 128 645, 648

Terrapin Overseas Ltd case 119/75 [1976] ECR 1039 76, 84Tetra Pak Rausing v Commission [1990] ECR II–309 69Thetford v Fiamma [1989] 2 All ER 801 71Thomas Marshall v Guinle [1979] 1 Ch 227 647, 663Three-In-One Oil Co v Lobl Mfg Co & Boston Brass Co

15 MD 243; 16 TM Rep 411 (1926) 521n, 522nThrustcode Ltd v WW Computing Ltd [1983] FSR 502 352, 357Tolley’s case [1931] AC 333 714Tool Metal v Tungsten Electric (1955) 72 RPC 209 248Torkington v Mcgee (1902) 2 KB 427 18TORQ-SET [1959] RPC 344 559Total Information Processing Systems Ltd v Daman

Ltd [1992] FSR 171 357, 391, 392, 397, 403Trademark cases, The 100 US 82; 25 L Ed 550 (1879) 320, 321, 323, 330Trademarks of Kodak Ltd, Re (1903) 20 RPC 337 523nTransport Workers, Re: EC Commission v Greece [1994] 1 CMLR 803 570Trendtex Trading Corp v Credit Suisse [1982] AC 679;

[1981] 3 All ER 520 (HL) 19Twentieth-Century Fox Film Corp v MCA Inc 715 F 2d

1327 (9th Cir 1983) 297Twentieth Century Music Corp v Aiken 422 US 151 (1975) 291, 309, 323

US v Chemical Foundation 47 S Ct 1 (US 1926) 514n

US v Dubilier Condensor Corp 289 US 178; 77 L Ed 114;

53 S Ct 554; 85 ALR 1488 (1933) 164, 190

US v Paramount Pictures Inc 334 US 131 (1948) 291

US v Price 361 US 304 (1960) 193United Brands v Commission [1978] ECR 207 63United Drug Co v Rectanus Co 248 US 90 (1918) 517nUnited Indigo Chemical Co Ltd v Robinson (1932) 49 RPC 178 662UNIVER TM [1993] RPC 239 580Universal Oil Co v Globe Co 322 US 471 (1944) 189University of London Press v University Tutorial

Press [1916] 2 Ch 601 311, 423

Valensi v British Radio Corp [1973] RPC 337 157Van der Lely NV v Bamfords Ltd [1961] RPC 296 205Van der Lely NV v Bamfords Ltd [1963] RPC 61 147, 205, 208Van Zuylen v Hag [1974] ECR 731; [1974] 2 CMLR 127 95Vickers v Siddell [1890] 7 RPC 292 151Vicom/Computer-related inventions (Decision T208/84)

[1987] 2 EPOR 74 182, 185, 188, 195

Vicom Systems Inc’s Application [1987] OJ EPO 14 170, 172Victoria Park Racing and Recreation Grounds Co Ltd

v Taylor and others (1937) 58 CLR 479 8Victor Stove Co v Hall-Neal Furnace Co 151 MD 306

(Com Dec); 16 TM Rep 541 (1926) 523nVine Products Ltd v MacKenzie & Co Ltd [1969] RPC 1 725

Vogue Co v Thompson-Hudson Co 300 F 509 (CCA 6th 1924) 511n, 517n, 520Vokes Ltd v Heather [1979] Ch 227 663Volvo v Veng [1988] ECR 6211 54, 58, 60

W A Lawrence & Son v Licking Creamery Co 206 OG PO 589 (1914) 519n

W & G de Cros Ltd, Re (1913) 30 RPC 660 526nWagamama Restaurant v City Centre Restaurants [1994] FSR 713 563Walker v Time Life Films Inc 784 F 2d 44 (2d Cir); 476 US 1159 (1986) 296Wall v Rolls-Royce of America 4 F 2d 333 (CCA 3d 1925) 517n, 520, 523nWalter v Ashton [1902] 2 Ch 282 517nWalter v Steinkopff [1892] 3 Ch 389 423Walter Baker & Co Ltd v Slack 130 F 514 (CCA 7th 1904) 513nWard v Kirkland [1967] Ch 194 468Ward Baking Co v Potter-Wrightington 298 F 398 (CCA 1st 1924) 519nWarner Brothers v Christiansen [1988] ECR 2606; [1990] 3 CMLR 684 87Warwick Tyre Co Ltd v New Motor and General Rubber

Co Ltd [1910] 1 Ch 248; (1910) 27 RPC 161 703, 704Watson Laidlaw v Potts Cassels and Williamson [1914] 31 RPC 104 (HL) 244WEE McGLEN [1980] RPC 115 560Weingarten Bros v Charles Bayerd & Co (1905) 22 RPC 341 683WELD-MESH [1966] RPC 220 559Wessex Dairies Ltd v Smith [1935] 2 KB 80; [1935] All ER Rep 1–5

Wesson v Galef 286 F 621 (SDNY 1922) 516nWham-O Manufacturing Co v Lincoln Industries Ltd [1985] RPC 130 288Whelan Associates Inc v Jaslow Dental Laboratory Inc

797 F 2d 122 (3d Cir 1986) 479 US 0131 (1987) 292, 293

297, 298, 301, 302

305, 310, 354, 355, 357WHISQUEUR (1948) 66 ROC 105 559White Studio v Dreyfoos 221 NY 46; 16 NE 796 (1917) 517nWhitstable Oyster Fishery Co v Hayling Fisheries Ltd (1901) 18 RPC 434 715Wilhelm [1969] ECR 1 92William Edge & Sons Ltd v William Niccols & Sons Ltd [1911] AC 693 683Williams v Nye (1980) 7 RPC 62 (CA) 150Williams Electronics Inc v Artie International Inc

685 F 2d 870 (3d Cir 1982) 297

Williamson Music v Pearson Partnership [1987] FSR 97 410Windsurfing International v Commission [1986] ECR 611 48Windsurfing International v Tabur Marine (GB) Ltd [1985] RPC 59 230Wineworths Ltd v CiVC [1992] 2 NZLR 327 725Winterbotham v Wintle (1947) 50 WALR 58 316Wiseman v George Wiedenfeld & Nicholson [1985] FSR 525 335Wombles Ltd v Wombles Skips Ltd [1977] RPC 99 732Wood v Boosey [1868] LR 3 QB 223 339Wotherspoon v Currie [1872] LR 4 715

Yale Electric Corp v Yale & Towne Mfg Co 12 F 2d

183 (Ct of App DC 1926) 522nYORK TM [1984] RPC 231 559Young v Rosenthal & Co (1884) RPC 29 178Zim Properties Ltd v Proctor (Inspector of Taxes) [1985] STC 90 17

s 5(1) 290

s 7(3) 290Copyright (Computer Software)

Amendment Act 1985

s 1 181

s 1(2) 349Copyright, Designs and Patents

Design Copyright Act 1968 464, 465

European Communities Act 1972

s 136(1) 18Law of Property (Miscellaneous

Provisions) Act 1994 19Lord Cairns’s Act 713

Merchandise Marks Acts 1887–1953 675

National Health Service Act 1977

s 38 248, 250

s 38(1) 249, 250Plant Patent Act 1930 189, 191–93Plant Variety Protection

Act 1970 191, 193

Registered Designs Act 1949 20, 341, 344,

Science and Technology Act 1965 259Single European Act 1985 100Statute of Monopolies 1624 105n

s 6 143Statute of Uses 1535 644Supreme Court Act 1981

s 72(5) 2Supreme Court of Judicature

Act 1873 18

Theft Act 1968 17

Trade Marks Act 1875 702

Trade Marks Act 1905