Printed in the United States of America First Printing November 2007 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Warning and Disclaimer This book is designed to provide informatio
Trang 2800 East 96th StreetIndianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA
Trang 3ii
CCIE Routing and Switching Exam Certification Guide, Third Edition
Wendell Odom, CCIE No 1624
Rus Healy, CCIE No 15025
Contributing author: Naren Mehta, CCIE No 9797
Copyright© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc.
Printed in the United States of America
First Printing November 2007
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Warning and Disclaimer
This book is designed to provide information about the Cisco CCIE Routing and Switching Written Exam, No 350-001 Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied.
The information is provided on an “as is” basis The authors, Cisco Press, and Cisco Systems, Inc shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of the discs or programs that may accompany it.
The opinions expressed in this book belong to the author and are not necessarily those of Cisco Systems, Inc.
Trademark Acknowledgments
All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized Cisco Press or Cisco Systems, Inc., cannot attest to the accuracy of this information Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.
Trang 4iii
Corporate and Government Sales
The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales, which may include electronic versions and/or custom covers and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, and branding interests For more information, please contact: U.S Corporate and Government Sales 1-800-382-3419 corpsales@pearsontechgroup.com For sales outside the United States please contact: International Sales international@pearsoned.com
Feedback Information
At Cisco Press, our goal is to create in-depth technical books of the highest quality and value Each book is crafted with care and sion, undergoing rigorous development that involves the unique expertise of members from the professional technical community Readers’ feedback is a natural continuation of this process If you have any comments regarding how we could improve the quality of this book, or otherwise alter it to better suit your needs, you can contact us through e-mail at feedback@ciscopress.com Please make sure to include the book title and ISBN in your message.
preci-We greatly appreciate your assistance.
Cisco Press Program Manager Jeff Brady
Senior Project Editor San Dee Phillips
Rodney Guenther Paul Negron
Book and Cover Designer Louisa Adair
Trang 5iv
About the Authors
Wendell Odom, CCIE No 1624, has been in the networking industry since 1981 He currently teaches QoS, MPLS, and CCNA courses for Skyline Advanced Technology Services (http://www.skyline-ats.com) Wendell also has worked as a network engineer, consultant, and systems engineer, and as an instructor and course developer He is the author of all prior editions of CCNA Exam Certification Guide as well as Cisco QOS Exam Certification Guide, Second Edition,
Computer Networking First-Step, CCIE Routing and Switching Official Exam Certification Guide, Second Edition, and CCNA Video Mentor, all from Cisco Press
Rus Healy, CCIE No 15025, wrote Chapter 20, “IP Version 6,” and made updates, large and small,
to most other chapters in updating the book for the Cisco CCIE Routing and Switching version 3.0 blueprint He has worked on several Cisco Press projects, including the second edition of this book,
as a technical reviewer Rus is a principal SE with Annese & Associates, the largest Cisco Upstate New York Silver partner He was instrumental in guiding Annese to Cisco Silver partnership and their three Cisco Advanced Specializations (Wireless LAN, Security, and Unified Communications)
In addition to the CCIE Routing and Switching certification, Rus holds Cisco CCDP and CCVP certifications, several Cisco Qualified Specialist certifications in Unified Communications, and the Cisco Technology Solution Specialist (TSS) designation in Unified Communications
Along with his wife, Nancy, and children, Gwen and Trevor, Rus lives in the Finger Lakes region of New York He and his family enjoy camping, boating, skiing, bicycling, and many other family activities Rus is also an avid amateur radio contest operator, particularly using Morse Code He was
a member of the U.S team in the 2002 World Radio Team Championship in Helsinki, Finland Rus
is also active in the Ontario County, New York chapter of Habitat for Humanity and in St Mary’s Church in Honeoye, New York
Trang 6v
About the Contributing Author
Naren Mehta, CCIE No 9797 (Routing and Switching, Security), author of Chapters 16 and 17, is
a senior partner and director of training for an internationally known training and consulting company that specializes in providing customized, one-to-one training for CCIE lab students and consulting for Cisco networks Naren has been in the training and consulting field for the past 17 years and has been teaching Cisco certification courses ranging from CCNA to CCIE (written and lab) for the past 9 years His experience includes the analysis, design, installation, training, and support for various Cisco networks for the financial, manufacturing, utility, and healthcare industries His specialty is explaining complex concepts in such a way that it becomes easier for anybody to understand them Naren has been a source of inspiration, motivation, and
encouragement for many of his students who wanted to pursue their CCIE lab certification and helped them pass their CCIE Routing and Switching and Security lab certification exams He has an MBA in marketing and finance, a master’s in industrial engineering, and a bachelor’s in mechanical engineering
Trang 7vi
About the Technical Reviewers
Maurilio Gorito, CCIE No 3807 (Routing and Switching, WAN Switching, and Security), has more than 20 years of experience in networking, including Cisco networks and IBM/SNA environments, which includes the planning, designing, implementation, and troubleshooting of large IP networks running RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, BGP, OSPF, QoS, and SNA worldwide, including in Brazil and the United States Maurilio has worked for Cisco since 2000 with the CCIE Team As program manager he is responsible for managing the CCIE Routing and Switching track
certification exams, and he has more than seven years of experience proctoring CCIE lab exams He holds degrees in mathematics and pedagogy
Rodney Guenther currently works at Skyline ATS as an instructor and consultant He began his networking career at IBM in 1979 and pursued other opportunities as an independent consultant in
1992 He became the 48th certified Cisco instructor in 1995 During these 12 years he has been certified to teach close to 20 Cisco courses, from the Routing and Switching track, such as ICND, CCNA, and BCMSN; to all of the Cisco IBM SNA courses, such as CIP, SNAM, and DLSW; as well as several VoIP courses, such as CIPT, IPCC, BTS, SS7 Interconnect, and IPTD
Paul Negron, CCIE No 14856, CCSI No 22752, has been involved with networking technologies for 15 years He has been a senior instructor for Skyline ATS for the past 7 years He has been involved with the designing of core network services for a number of service providers He currently instructs all the CCIP-level courses, including Advanced BGP, MPLS, and the QoS course Paul has
6 years of experience with satellite communications as well as 8 years of experience with Cisco platforms
Trang 9viii
Acknowledgments
Maurilio, Rodney, and Paul each did a nice job tech editing the book and finding the technical errors that can creep into a manuscript Additionally, Maurilio helped tremendously with one of the most difficult challenges with this book: choosing what to cover and in what depth and what to not cover Rodney gave us added perspective on the big picture and on keeping the audience in mind every step
of the journey Paulie helped (again) on the MPLS chapter and kept us on the straight and narrow Many thanks to all three of you!
Drew Cupp did a great job for us on yet another book Thanks Drew! In particular, Drew did a great job with the unique challenges for this book in which some chapters and sections were not changed
at all, but some were changed a lot, with lots of renumbering chapters—which, oddly enough, introduces many opportunities to make mistakes that aren’t easily found Drew kept an eagle’s eye view of the whole project, throughout the months, long after we would forget the details Thanks for keeping us on track, in context, and fishing from the right side of the boat
The wonderful and mostly hidden production folks did their usual great job When every time you see how they reworded something, and think “Wow, why didn’t I write that?” it makes me appreciate the kind of team we have at Cisco Press Thanks for moving the book along to completion and helping make us look better along the way
From Wendell Odom: The timing for revisions to the CCIE Routing and Switching written blueprint, and the development of this book, unfortunately coincided with the same timeline as the revisions of two CCNA-related books for which I’m the sole author The timing presented a bit of a problem in getting this book done I’m honored to say, though, that the problem was turned into an opportunity to bring Rus into the authoring team, a decision that I’m thrilled with Rus took his responsibilities seriously, worked very hard, and watched every nook and cranny of content (a huge piece of the work on this book) He did a nice job writing and, almost as importantly, a nice job choosing where to add small topics and identifying what needed to be removed Rus, thanks for the time, effort, attention, and care for this big book—and for the quality content as well
On the personal side, thanks to the Mikes at Skyline for your incredible flexibility in having time to
do all this writing Thanks to Kris and Hannah for putting up with the sometimes inconvenient answers to the “when’s your next deadline, dear/dad?” questions And as usual, thanks to my Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ
From Rus Healy: As this is my first authoring project for Cisco Press, I want to thank Wendell Odom first and foremost for his confidence in me and for inviting me to work with him on this book I’m honored and delighted to have the opportunity, and I hope I’ve risen to the considerable challenge of doing “Wendell quality” work I certainly have enjoyed the interaction and the sense of teamwork!Over the last few years, Cisco Press has given me the opportunity to work on a number of books as
a technical reviewer I’ve really enjoyed working on these projects, and the opportunity means a lot
to me—my thanks to the Cisco Press editors who have looked to me for those projects
Most importantly, my sincere and heartfelt thanks to my wife, Nancy, and our kids, Gwen and Trevor, who gave up a fair amount of my time over several months while I worked on this book Thanks for making it possible, gang!
Trang 10ix
Trang 11x
Contents at a Glance
Introduction xxxi
Part I Part I: LAN Switching 3
Chapter 1 Ethernet Basics 5
Chapter 2 Virtual LANs and VLAN Trunking 27
Chapter 3 Spanning Tree Protocol 57
Part II IP 89
Chapter 4 IP Addressing 91
Chapter 5 IP Services 127
Part III IP Routing 153
Chapter 6 IP Forwarding (Routing) 155
Chapter 7 RIP Version 2 183
Chapter 12 Classification and Marking 403
Chapter 13 Congestion Management and Avoidance 435
Chapter 14 Shaping and Policing 469
Part V Wide-Area Networks 507
Chapter 15 Frame Relay 509
Part VI IP Multicast 529
Chapter 16 Introduction to IP Multicasting 531
Chapter 17 IP Multicast Routing 581
Part VII Security 641
Chapter 18 Security 643
Trang 12Appendix A Answers to the "Do I Know This Already?" Quizzes 807
Appendix B Decimal to Binary Conversion Table 837
Appendix C CCIE Routing and Switching Exam Updates: Version 1.0 841
Glossary 845
Index 906
CD-Only
Appendix D IP Addressing Practice
Appendix E Key Tables for CCIE Study
Appendix F Solutions for Key Tables for CCIE Study
Appendix G IEEE 802.11 Fundamentals
Appendix H Wireless LAN Solutions
Trang 13xii
Contents
Introduction xxxi
Part I Part I: LAN Switching 3
Chapter 1 Ethernet Basics 5
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 5
Foundation Topics 8
Ethernet Layer 1: Wiring, Speed, and Duplex 8
RJ-45 Pinouts and Category 5 Wiring 8 Auto-negotiation, Speed, and Duplex 9
Ethernet Layer 2: Framing and Addressing 14
Switching and Bridging Logic 19
Chapter 2 Virtual LANs and VLAN Trunking 27
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 27
Virtual LANs 31
VLAN Trunking Protocol 38
VLAN Trunking: ISL and 802.1Q 44
Trang 14Chapter 3 Spanning Tree Protocol 57
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 57
802.1d Spanning Tree Protocol 61
Choosing Which Ports Forward: Choosing Root
Optimizing Spanning Tree 73
Protecting STP 82
Trang 15IP Addressing and Subnetting 94
CIDR, Private Addresses, and NAT 111
ARP, Proxy ARP, Reverse ARP, BOOTP, and DHCP 131
Network Time Protocol 139
Trang 16Part III IP Routing 153
Chapter 6 IP Forwarding (Routing) 155
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 155
Foundation Topics 159
IP Forwarding 159
Chapter 7 RIP Version 2 183
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 183
Foundation Topics 186
RIP Version 2 Basics 186 RIP Convergence and Loop Prevention 187
Trang 17xvi
RIP Configuration 195
Route Filtering with Distribute Lists and Prefix Lists 199
EIGRP Basics and Steady-State Operation 209
EIGRP Convergence 216
EIGRP Configuration 222
OSPF Database Exchange 242
Trang 18Becoming Neighbors, Exchanging Databases, and Becoming Adjacent 243
OSPF Design and LSAs 257
OSPF Configuration 276
Trang 19Chapter 10 IGP Route Redistribution, Route Summarization, and Default Routing 297
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 297
Foundation Topics 301
Route Maps, Prefix Lists, and Administrative Distance 301
Route Redistribution 308
Route Summarization 326
Default Routes 329
Using Static Routes to 0.0.0.0, with redistribute static 331
Trang 20Building the BGP Table 354
Building the IP Routing Table 376
Chapter 12 Classification and Marking 403
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 403
Foundation Topics 407
Fields That Can Be Marked for QoS Purposes 407
Trang 21Cisco Modular QoS CLI 413
Classification and Marking Tools 418
Chapter 13 Congestion Management and Avoidance 435
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 435
Cisco Router Queuing Concepts 438
Queuing Tools: CBWFQ and LLQ 440
Weighted Random Early Detection 451
Modified Deficit Round-Robin 455 LAN Switch Congestion Management and Avoidance 457
Trang 22Chapter 14 Shaping and Policing 469
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 469
Foundation Topics 473
Traffic-Shaping Concepts 473
Class-Based Shaping Configuration 477
Frame Relay Traffic Shaping Configuration 483
Trang 23Part V Wide-Area Networks 507
Chapter 15 Frame Relay 509
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 509
Foundation Topics 512
Frame Relay Concepts 512
Frame Relay Configuration 517
Chapter 16 Introduction to IP Multicasting 531
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 531
Foundation Topics 534
Why Do You Need Multicasting? 534
Multicast IP Addresses 540
Managing Distribution of Multicast Traffic with IGMP 546
Trang 24IGMP Version 2 548
LAN Multicast Optimizations 564
Multicast Routing Basics 585
Dense-Mode Routing Protocols 592
Trang 25LAN-Specific Issues with PIM-DM and PIM-SM 604
Sparse-Mode Routing Protocols 609
Router and Switch Device Security 647
Trang 26Chapter 19 Multiprotocol Label Switching 693
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 693
Foundation Topics 696
MPLS Unicast IP Forwarding 696
Trang 27MPLS IP Forwarding: Control Plane 704
IPv6 Addressing and Address Types 746
Basic IPv6 Functionality Protocols 756
Trang 28Router Advertisement and Router Solicitation 759
Access Lists and Traffic Filtering 765
IPv6 Static Routes 766
IPv6 Unicast Routing Protocols 767
EIGRP for IPv6 780
Quality of Service 789
Tunneling Techniques 791
Trang 29PIM BSR 799
Appendix D IP Addressing Practice
Appendix E Key Tables for CCIE Study
Appendix F Solutions for Key Tables for CCIE Study
Appendix G IEEE 802.11 Fundamentals
Appendix H Wireless LAN Solutions
Trang 30Icons Used in This Book
Command Syntax Conventions
The conventions used to present command syntax in this book are the same conventions used in the IOS Command Reference The Command Reference describes these conventions as follows:
■ Boldface indicates commands and keywords that are entered literally as shown In actual
configuration examples and output (not general command syntax), boldface indicates
commands that are manually input by the user (such as a show command).
■ Italics indicate arguments for which you supply actual values.
■ Vertical bars | separate alternative, mutually exclusive elements
■ Square brackets [ ] indicate optional elements
■ Braces { } indicate a required choice
■ Braces within brackets [{ }] indicate a required choice within an optional element
Network Cloud Ethernet Connection Serial Line Virtual Circuit
Connection
Web Server Terminal File
Headquarters
CiscoWorks Workstation
Catalyst Switch
ATM Switch Multilayer
Switch
Router/Switch Processor
LAN2LAN Switch
Bridge
Services Router ATM Router
Laptop
Router
Gateway Cluster
Controller IBM
Mainframe
PC PC with
Software
Sun Workstation
Macintosh Branch
Office Communication
Server
Trang 31CCIE Routing and Switching Exam Certification Guide, Third Edition, is an excellent self-study
resource for the CCIE Routing and Switching written exam Passing this exam is the first step to attaining the valued CCIE Routing and Switching certification and qualifies candidates for the CCIE Routing and Switching lab exam
Gaining certification in Cisco technology is key to the continuing educational development of today’s networking professional Through certification programs, Cisco validates the skills and expertise required to effectively manage the modern enterprise network
Cisco Press Exam Certification Guides and preparation materials offer exceptional—and flexible—access to the knowledge and information required to stay current in your field of expertise or to gain new skills Whether used as a supplement to more traditional training or as a primary source of learning, these materials offer users the information and knowledge validation required to gain new understanding and proficiencies
Developed in conjunction with the Cisco certifications and training team, Cisco Press books are the only self-study books authorized by Cisco and offer students a series of exam practice tools and resource materials to help ensure that learners fully grasp the concepts and information presented Additional authorized Cisco instructor-led courses, e-learning, labs, and simulations are available exclusively from Cisco Learning Solutions Partners worldwide To learn more, visit http://www.cisco.com/go/training
I hope that you find these materials to be an enriching and useful part of your exam preparation Erik Ullanderson
Manager, Global Certifications
Learning@Cisco
October 2007
Trang 32The Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE) certification may be the most challenging and prestigious of all networking certifications It has received numerous awards and certainly has built
a reputation as one of the most difficult certifications to earn in all of the technology world Having
a CCIE certification opens doors professionally typically results in higher pay and looks great on a resume
Cisco currently offers several CCIE certifications This book covers the version 3.0 exam blueprint topics of the written exam for the CCIE Routing and Switching certification The following list details the currently available CCIE certifications at the time of this book’s publication; check http://www.cisco.com/go/ccie for the latest information The certifications are listed in the order in which they were made available to the public
■ CCIE Routing and Switching
■ CCIE Security
■ CCIE Service Provider
■ CCIE Voice
■ CCIE Storage Networking
Each of the CCIE certifications requires the candidate to pass both a written exam and a one-day, hands-on lab exam The written exam is intended to test your knowledge of theory, protocols, and configuration concepts that follow good design practices The lab exam proves that you can configure and troubleshoot actual gear
Why Should I Take the CCIE Routing and Switching
Written Exam?
The first and most obvious reason to take the CCIE Routing and Switching written exam is that it is the first step toward obtaining the CCIE Routing and Switching certification Also, you cannot schedule a CCIE lab exam until you pass the corresponding written exam In short, if you want all the professional benefits of a CCIE Routing and Switching certification, you start by passing the written exam
The benefits of getting a CCIE certification are varied, among which are the following:
■ Better pay
■ Career advancement opportunities
■ Applies to certain minimum requirements for Cisco Silver and Gold Channel Partners, as well
as those seeking Master Specialization, making you more valuable to Channel Partners
Trang 33■ Better movement through the problem-resolution process when calling the Cisco TAC
■ Prestige
■ Credibility for consultants and customer engineers, including the use of the Cisco CCIE logoThe other big reason to take the CCIE Routing and Switching written exam is that it recertifies an individual’s associate-, professional-, and expert-level Cisco certifications In other words, passing any CCIE written exam recertifies that person’s CCNA, CCNP, CCIP, CCSP, CCDP, and so on (Recertification requirements do change, so please verify the requirements at http://www.cisco.com/go/certifications.)
CCIE Routing and Switching Written Exam 350-001
The CCIE Routing and Switching written exam, as of the time of publication, consists of a two-hour exam administered at a proctored exam facility affiliated with Pearson VUE (http://www.vue.com/cisco) The exam typically includes approximately 100 multiple-choice questions No simulation questions are currently part of the written exam
As with most exams, everyone wants to know what is on the exam Cisco provides general guidance
as to topics on the exam in the CCIE Routing and Switching written exam blueprint, the most recent copy of which can be accessed from http://www.cisco.com/go/ccie
Cisco changes both the CCIE written and lab blueprints over time, but Cisco seldom, if ever, changes the exam numbers (Cisco changes the exam numbers of the associate- and professional-level certifications when it makes major changes to what is covered on those exams.) Knowing that the content will change over time, this book includes Appendix C, “CCIE Routing and Switching Exam Updates: Version 1.0.” This appendix will include coverage of any newly added topics to the CCIE Routing and Switching written exam When Cisco changes the blueprint, the authors will add content to cover the new topics at http://www.ciscopress.com/title/9781587201967 and make that content available to all readers who have bought the earlier edition of the book For future printings, Cisco Press will put that new content into Appendix C
The CCIE Routing and Switching written exam blueprint, as of the time of publication, is listed in Table I-1 Table I-1 also lists the chapter(s) that cover each topic
Table 8-1 CCIE Routing and Switching Written Exam Blueprint
I General Networking Theory
1 Link State and Distance Vector Protocols 7
Trang 34Blueprint Topic Chapter(s)
4 Classful and a Classless Routing Protocol 6
B Routing Information Base (RIB) and Routing Protocols Interaction 10, 11
3 RIB and Forwarding Information Base Interaction 10, 11
II Bridging and LAN Switching
Trang 35Blueprint Topic Chapter(s)
4 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) 5
3 Web Cache Communication Protocol (WCCP) 5
7 Adjacency on a Point-to-Point and on a Multi-Access (Broadcast) 9
9 Troubleshooting Failing Adjacency Formation to Fail 9
10 Troubleshooting of External Route Installation in the RIB 9
Trang 36Blueprint Topic Chapter(s)
3 EIGRP Operations When Alternate Loop Free Paths Are
Avail-Able and When It Is Not Available
A Modular QoS Command-Line (MQC) Applied To: 12, 13, 14
1 Network-Based Application Recognition (NBAR) 12
2 Class-Based Weighted Fair Queueing (CBWFQ) / Modified
Deficit Round Robin (MDRR)
Trang 37Blueprint Topic Chapter(s) VII IP Multicast
A Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) v2 16, 17
E Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) Mechanic 17
VIII Security
IX MPLS (New)
D IPv6 Multicast and Related Multicast Protocols 20
Trang 38The blueprint tells you what major topics to study and by implication, what not to study However, the blueprint does not provide many details about the scope and depth covered for each topic As you prepare for the written exam, it is a good idea to study more details than you think you need to pass the exam, because the lab exam is considerably more rigorous than the written exam.
Knowing what topics Cisco does not list in the blueprint is also useful, particularly topics that Cisco has removed from earlier blueprints For example, in 2005, Cisco announced the removal of ISDN/DDR, IS-IS, ATM, and SONET from the written exam blueprint, but it added wireless In 2007, Cisco announced a new CCIE Routing and Switching written blueprint, referenced as “version 3.0” (the older blueprints did not have a version) This version 3.0 blueprint also added and removed topics; for example, it removed wireless coverage, but added MPLS and expanded IPv6 Always check http://www.cisco.com/go/ccie for the latest information regarding any other new or deleted blueprint topics For any major changes, the authors will post a new version of Appendix C, which will add coverage of the new topics Go to http://www.ciscopress.com/title/1587201968 for this book’s web page, and look for a new Appendix C if the blueprint changes
Trang 39About the CCIE Routing and Switching Official Exam Certification Guide, Third Edition
This section provides a brief insight into the contents of the book, the major goals, and some of the book features that you will encounter when using this book
Book Organization
This book contains nine major parts, which correspond to, and are in the same order as, the last nine major headings in the 10-heading CCIE Routing and Switching written blueprint The topics under the first heading of the blueprint, “General Networking Theory,” are covered in this book, but they are spread throughout the various parts of the book
Each part of the book has one or more chapters Some have a single chapter, such as Part VII,
“Security.” However, Part III, “IP Routing,” has six chapters and a high page count
Beyond the chapters in the nine major parts of the book, you will find several useful appendixes gathered in Part X In particular, Appendix C, “CCIE Routing and Switching Exam Updates: Version 1.0,” as mentioned earlier, will be updated with subsequent versions online at http://
www.ciscopress.com/title/9781587201967 when appropriate to provide you with the most date material Also included in Part X is a decimal to binary conversion chart for reference in Appendix B There are also several useful appendixes that can only be accessed from the CD in the back of the book
up-to-Following is a description of each part’s coverage:
This part focuses on LAN Layer 2 features, specifically Ethernet (Chapter 1), VLANs
and trunking (Chapter 2), and Spanning Tree Protocol (Chapter 3)
■ Part II, “IP” (Chapters 4–5)
This part is titled “IP” to match the blueprint, but it might be better titled “TCP/IP”
because it covers details across the spectrum of the TCP/IP protocol stack It includes
IP addressing (Chapter 4) and IP services such as DHCP and ARP (Chapter 5)
■ Part III, “IP Routing” (Chapters 6–11)
This part covers some of the more important topics on the exam and is easily the
largest part of the book It covers Layer 3 forwarding concepts (Chapter 6), followed
by three routing protocol chapters, one each about RIP, EIGRP, and OSPF (Chapters
7 through 9, respectively) Following that, Chapter 10 covers route redistribution
between IGPs At the end, Chapter 11 hits the details of BGP
Trang 40■ Part IV, “QoS” (Chapters 12–14)
This part covers the more popular QoS tools, including some MQC-based tools, as
well as several older tools, particularly FRTS The chapters include coverage of
classification and marking (Chapter 12), queuing and congestion avoidance
(Chapter 13), plus shaping, policing, and link efficiency (Chapter 14)
The WAN coverage has generally shrunk with the last several changes to the CCIE
Routing and Switching written blueprints, so Frame Relay is all that remains in this
section However, the latest blueprint revision includes another WAN topic, MPLS,
which is covered in Chapter 19 MPLS is covered in Part VIII of this book to keep the
order of book parts in synch with the blueprint
This is one of the two parts of the book that cover topics that are mostly ignored for
the CCNP exam As a result, the text assumes that the reader has no knowledge of
multicast before beginning this part Chapter 16 covers multicast on LANs, including
IGMP and how hosts join multicast groups Chapter 17 covers multicast WAN topics
Given the CCIE tracks for both Security and Voice, Cisco has a small dilemma
regarding whether to cover those topics on CCIE Routing and Switching, and if so, in
how much detail This part covers a variety of security topics appropriate for CCIE
Routing and Switching, in a single chapter This chapter focuses on switch and router
security (Note that Voice, whose protocols were formerly covered on CCIE Routing
and Switching, is not covered in the current blueprint or in this book.)
As mentioned in the WAN section, MPLS is an addition to the latest blueprint and thus
debuts with its own chapter As with many larger topics in this book, the blueprint does
not cover all parts of MPLS but rather focuses on enterprise-related topics such as core
MPLS concepts and MPLS VPNs
■ Part IX, “IP Version 6” (Chapter 20)
IPv6 is comprehensively addressed in the version 3.0 exam blueprint, so we’ve added
a fairly lengthy chapter to cover it
— Appendix A, “Answers to the ‘Do I Know This Already?’ Quizzes”
This appendix lists answers and explanations for the questions at the beginning
of each chapter