OIL REFINING PROCESSES ver1

• High sulfur, heavy crude is lowest cost.. • Low sulfur, light crude is highest cost.. à Simple refining yields high value products.. à Refiners close to crude production enjoy advan

huyen.phamthanh@hust.edu.vn

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Outline

Largest  Worldwide   Refineries

Approximately

650  Refineries   inthe  world

Source:   Oil  &  Gas  Journal

• High   sulfur,  heavy  crude  is  lowest   cost  

àRequires   extremely  complex  

refinery  to  convert  into  high  value  

products.

• Low  sulfur,  light  crude  is  highest  cost    

à Simple  refining  yields  high  value  

products.

• a  function  of  location   of  crude  supply  

versus  refining  centers

à Refiners  close  to  crude  production   enjoy  advantage   over  refineries  

distant  from   supply

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-­‐ undesirableproducts

-­‐ As the hydrogen to carbon ratio decreases, the gravity and boiling point of the hydrocarbon compounds increases.

Hydrocarbons:-­‐ Paraffins

processes

-­‐ Aromatics

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corrosion

-­‐ Asphaltenes:

deactivation

-­‐ Gasoline-­‐ Kerosene

-­‐ Asphalt

Chromatography

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unit

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• Visbreaking

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(A) Coil type visbreaker (B) Soaker type visbreaker

• more stable visbreaker products

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LGO = Light Gas Oil HGO = heavy Gas Oil LCO = FCC Light Cycle Oil

HCO = FCC Heavy Cycle Oil VGO = Vacuum Gas Oil VBGO = Visbreaker Gas Oil CGO = Coker Gas Oil

Diesel fuel hydrotreating unit Naphtha hydrotreating unit

Atmosphere residue desulphurization process

Sơ đồ công nghệ Penex Sơ đồ quá trình Penex kết hợp

với Deisohexane

UOP’s  indirect  Alkylation  (LnAlk)  process  

SPA:  solid  

phosphoric  

acid

(H2SO4

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• uncommercialized

Petroleum coke 17%

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A  refinery  

typically   uses   more  water   than  crude   oil!

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Treatment of FCC flue gases by ESP Treatment of FCCflue gases byWGS

Software

Solution:

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• A heavy residue stream that contains mostly n-­‐C30 (990 lb mol/h) and some amount ofthiophene (10 lb mol/h) is prepared to enter an ARDS process to crack the heavycomponent n-­‐C30 to more lighter components such as n-­‐C20, n-­‐C10 and n-­‐C4 Inaddition, thiophenes should be completely removed The feed stream is initially at100F and 120 psia This feed needs to be mixed with hydrogen stream (1250 lb mol/h)available at 150F and 200 psia The mixed feed should be heated and compressed to700F and 1500 psia before entering the reactor The reactions are shown in Table.

• The reactor products are cooled to 200F before entering a gas–liquid separator 300 lbmol/h of the hydrogen coming from this separator is recycled back with the feed Therest is vented to the atmosphere The liquid stream coming out from the separator isthen expanded by a valve to reduce the pressure to 250 psia This makes it ready toenter a distillation column in order to separate the extra hydrogen left with thehydrocarbons A typical flowsheet of the ARDS process is shown in Figure Perform amaterial and energy balance for the ARDS process using UNISIM simulator

Solution: