REWRITE THE SECOND SENTENCE SO THAT BOTH HAVE THE SAME MEANING.. In active sentences AS: SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT Present Simple I write emails Emails are written.. Past Simple I wrote em
Trang 17 USE MODAL VERBS
EXPRESSING POSSIBILITY: CAN/ MAY/ MIGHT/ COULD
It may rain later They might go out tonight.
Could you buy the main course?
EXPRESSING CERTAINTY: CAN’T / MUST
They can’t go on Friday Nobody’s home
EXPRESSING ABILITY: CAN / COULD / BE ABLE
TO
She could memorize numbers.
They were able to drink a lot.
EXPRESSING OBLIGATION/ABSENCE OF IT
MUST / HAVE TO / NEEDN’T
I must do the washing up / You needn’t mop the floor / They have to
be there at 5.
USE WILL / WOULD: REQUESTS AND OFFERS
GIVING OR ASKING ADVICE / PROBABILITY: SHOULD / OUGHT TO You ought to help old people / Should she leave the keys?
GIVING OR ASKING FOR PERMISSION: MAY / CAN / COULD (may is more polite)
7.1 REWRITE THE SECOND SENTENCE SO THAT BOTH HAVE THE SAME MEANING.
1) You _ a new shirt.
2) He Bob’s uncle.
3) I really on a word course.
4) You _ carry an ID card.
5) He when he was two.
6) like a coke?
7) You a bicycle.
8) Do I _ my fee now?
9) They _ win the last match.
10) They wait if you don’t want to.
11) You in restaurants.
12) She his girlfriend.
13) You _ to the doctor.
14) Her fridge _ broken down again.
15) He forgotten to bring the present.
1) You ought to buy a new shirt.
2) Possibly she isn’t Bob’s uncle.
3) It would be good if a went on a word course.
4) It’s compulsory to carry an ID card
5) He was able to read when he was two.
6) Do you want a coke?
7) You are not allowed to have a bicycle.
8) Is it necessary for me to pay my fee now?
9) They managed to win the last match.
10) It isn’t necessary for them to wait.
11) Smoking is forbidden in restaurants.
12) Maybe she is his girlfriend.
13) If you want my advice, go to the doctor.
14) It’s impossible that her fridge has broken
down again.
15) Perhaps he forgot to bring the present.
Trang 2PASSIVE VOICE is used when we FOCUS ON THE ACTION and it’s not important or we don’t know WHO or WHAT is performing the action.
In active sentences (AS): SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT
Present Simple I write emails Emails are written
P Continous I am writing emails Emails are being written
Past Simple I wrote emails Emails were written.
Past Continous I was writing emails Emails were being written
ACTIVE PASSIVE
8 ACTIVE – PASSIVE / PASSIVE - ACTIVE
• The OBJECT of AS - SUBJECT of the passive sentences
(PS).
• VERBS PS: TO BE (same tense of the AS) + PAST
PARTICIPLE (3rd column) of the AS.
WRITE- IS/ARE WRITTEN WROTE – WAS / WERE
WRITTEN
• SUBJECT of AS becomes the OBJECT of PS or is dropped.
• In PS the action comes first and the ACTOR is added at
the end introduced with the preposition “BY”.
Mary wrote a letter A letter was written by Mary.
They write letter everyday Letters are written
everyday.
• The OBJECT of PS – SUBJECT of AC
• VERB PS: Put the past participle in the tense of the verb TO BE – this is the Verb of the AS.
• The SUBJECT of PS becomes the OBJECT of the AC.
The car is driven buy Mark Mark drives the car.
PASSIVE ACTIVE
8.1 WRITE SENTENCES IN THE PASSIVE (PRESENT TENSE AND PAST TENSE)
1) DOOR / OPEN - _
2) BOOK / READ - _
3) CAR / REPAIR - _
1) Mary buys a bed - _
2) He opened the door - _
3) The mechanic repairs cars -
4) John eats bananas -
5) They don’t wear pink jackets - _
6) We stopped the bus - _
7) The thief stole my neclace -
8) The team didn’t win the match -
8.2 REWRITE THE SENTENCE IN PASSIVE VOICE.
Trang 38.3 REWRITE THE SENTENCE IN ACTIVE VOICE.
9) Marcus learned Roman’s History 10) The fireman rescued a cat - _
1) Coffee is sold there _ 2) The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell - 3) My suitcase was packed by Mom - 4) These cars are produced in Germany - _ 5) That building was built in 1985 - 6) The house was painted - 7) The cake was eaten by the students - _ 8) A special dish is being prepared - _ 9) English is taught by Susan - 10) The oranges are grown in Valencia -
1) SOMEONE TOOK A LOT OF PICTURES AT THE PARTY
_
2) OUR TELEVISION WAS FIXED YESTERDAY
3) THEY BROADCAST THE NEWS IN CHANNEL 3
_
4) THEY GAVE UP THE SEARCH AFTER FOUR HOURS
_
5) THE POLICE ARRESTED THE THIEFS _
6) THE FANS EXPECT REAL MADRID WILL GET TO THE FINAL
7) THEY ASKED REBECA TO TRAVEL -
8) EUROPE IS VISITED BY A LOT OF PEOPLE EVERY YEAR
9) ITALIAN FOOD IS SERVED IN GINO _
10) EVERY SATURDAY EVENING, JAZZ IS PLAYED IN THE PUB
8.4 REWRITE THE SECOND SENTENCE SO THAT BOTH HAVE THE SAME MEANING.
Trang 4CONDITIONALS OR IF CLAUSES: Describe the RESULT of something that might
happen (in the present or future) or might have happened but didn’t in the past.
1) WHY DON’T YOU BORROW THE BOOK FROM YOUR TEACHER?
If I were you, I the book from your teacher.
2) YOU WON’T GO TO THE CINEMA UNLESS YOU DO YOUR HOMEWORK.
You will go to _ you do your homework.
3) MY FRIENDS DON’T PLAY WITH ME BECAUSE I ALWAYTS CHEAT.
My friends me if I didn’t cheat.
4) WHY DON’T YOU LEARN A MUSICAL INSTRUMENT?
If I were you, _ a musical instrument.
5) IF YOUR COUSIN DOESN’T COME BEFORE EIGHT, SHE WILL MISS THE BUS.
Unless your cousin _, he will miss the bus.
6) IF THE TRAIN ISN’T LATE, I’LL BE THERE BY NINE.
I’ll be there by nine late.
7) IN MY OPINION YOU SHOULD JOIN YOUR FRIENDS.
If I were you, I _.
8) SCRATCH MY BACK AND I’LL SCRATCH YOURS.
If you scratch my back, _.
9) JAMES CAN’T BUY A NEW CAR BECAUSE HE DOESN’T HAVE ENOUGH MONEY.
James could buy a new car if _.
10) WHY DON’T YOU LEARN ANOTHER LANGUAGE?
If , I would learn another language.
11) IF YOU DON’T PRACTICE GYMNASTICS EVERYDAY, YOU WON’T IMPROVE.
You won’t improve unless everyday.
12) I’D LIKE TO BUY A BIGGER HOUSE BUT I HAVEN’T GOT ENOUGH MONEY.
If I had more moeny, I _.
9.1 REWRITE THE SECOND SENTENCE SO THAT BOTH HAVE THE SAME MEANING
CONDITIONAL II: IF PAST SIMPLE, WOULD + INFIN
To talk about things in the future that isn’t very probable to happen If I met the Queen , I would say hello
To talk about something in the present that is not true If I were you, I wouldn’t go there.
CONDITIONAL I: IF PRESENT SIMPLE , WILL + INFIN.
To talk about things that may happen in the FUTURE (it
has possibilities to happen).
If you come, we will go to the cinema.
We will go to the cinema if you come.
9 CONDITIONAL – FIRST AND SECOND CONDITIONAL
Trang 5We use RELATIVE CLAUSES to JOIN two sentences or to give more information about something by combining them with a RELATIVE CLAUSE.
RELATIVE
PRONOUN (OP) for people
I told you about the boy who lives is American
which SP or OP for ANIMALS and
THINGS
Do you see the duck which is lying on the grass?
whom OP for people (Non defining) He was invited to the birthday party
whom he saved at school
that SP or OP for people, animals
and things (Defining) I like the pictures that have many buildings
1) HENRY IS A PERSON LIVES IN MANCHESTER.
2) THIS IS THE BOOK WAS LOST LAST MONTH.
3) AN APPLE IS A FRUIT _ IS RED OR YELLOW.
4) THE BOY _ BROTHER IS IN MY MATH CLASS WAS IN THE SOCCER TEAM
5) A DJ IS SOMEONE _ PLAYS MUSIC IN A DISCO.
6) A SINGER IS SOMEONE SINGS PROFESSIONALLY.
7) SHE CAME WITH A FRIEND IS VERY FUNNY.
8) THE WOMAN, BAG I HAD, WAS SICK.
9) I MADE THE MEAT WITH THE RECIPE _ MY GRANDMA GAVE ME
10) HE HAD TO DELIVER A LETTER TO A PERSON _ NAME WAS IN THE ENVELOPE.
10.1 COMPLETE THE SENTENES USING RELATIVE CLAUSE WHO /WHICH /WHOSE
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE: Gives detailed
information about which noun we are talking about.
I know the doctor who lives next door (if we don’t
specify “who lives next door” we don’t know who I
mean.
• Are often used in DEFINITIONS (A teacher is
someone who teaches).
• We can drop OP: The doctor (who) I saw yesterday
is very good.
NON DEFINING CLAUSE: Gives information that we
don’t need to understand the sentence.
My neighbour, who is handsome, has a red bike
(who is handsome is information I don’t need).
• Non defining clauses are put in COMMAS.
• Who / which may not be replaced with THAT
• We have to use OP: My neighbour, who is
handsome, has a red bike.
10 RELATIVE CLAUSES
Trang 611 REWRITE THE SECOND SENTENCE SO THAT BOTH HAVE THE SAME MEANING (ACTIVE / PASSIVE – CONDITIONAL – MODAL VERBS AND RELATIVE CLAUSE)
She worked for a company
He worked for a man _
I called the doctor
Cancun, , is a fabulous place
Cancun, , is in the Caribbean Sea
My parents called my sister _
7) THEY’VE SOLD THE DRESS I WANTED TO BUY IT
They’ve sold the dress
This is David _ dangerous
9) WE’VE LOST THE KEYS THE KEY OPEN THE PUB
We’ve lost the keys _
My godfather’s got a brother _
My uncle _ for my birthday.
Yolanda, , is smiling in the picture.
_, I won’t be able to go to the wedding (UNLESS).
A video of the party .
That’s the boy I took home by mistake.
he would pass his exams.
We _ reserved a table.
10.2 REWRITE THE SECOND SENTENCE SO THAT BOTH HAVE THE SAME MEANING.
Trang 7ANSWER KEY:
EXERCISE 7.1
EXERCISE 8.1
THE WINDOW WAS OPENED – THE WINDOW WAS BEING OPENED.
THE BOOK WAS READ - THE BOOK WAS BEING READ.
THE CAR WAS REPAIRED – THE CAR WAS BEING REPAIRED.
EXERCISE 8.4
Trang 8EXERCISE 9.1
EXERCISE 10.1
EXERCISE 10.2
EXERCISE 11