Finite or nonfinite verb A finite verb and hence a finite clause is a verb that is marked for either tense or modality.If the verbform is not marked for either tense or modality, t
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UEfAP Verbs
Grammar in EAP
Verbs and Verbal Groups
Introduction
Verbal Group
A verbal group is typically a group with a verb as its Head. That verb is likely to be modified either
before the verb (premodification) with auxiliary verbs or after the verb (postmodification or
qualification) or both. An example is "has been eaten"
Verb
Verbs are words like "eat", "singing" &"listened". They are defined partly by their form and partly by their position or function
Verbs usually change their form that is they inflect. A typical verb such as "eat" has five main
forms: "eat", "eats", "eating", "ate" & "eaten". Theses form as often referred to as "base", "s", "ing",
"ed", "en". Irregular verbs may have fewer forms. For example "walk" has only four forms: "walk",
"walks", "walked", "walking"
With regard to their position, they often fit in the following patterns: "The boy the fish", "He
carefully". "She intelligent"
Their main function is Head of a verbal group. There are two main types of verb: lexical verbs and
auxiliary verbs
Finite or nonfinite verb
A finite verb and hence a finite clause is a verb that is marked for either tense or modality.If the verbform is not marked for either tense or modality, then the verb is nonfinite. The nonfinite verb forms are:
infinitive be, eat, lock, go
to + infinitive to go, to have, to study,
the ing participle (present participle) being, eating, looking
the en partciple (past participle) been, eaten, locked
Tense
Tense is an inflection of the verb that relates to time. English has two tenses: present (study) and past (studied). According to Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad & Finegan (1999, p. 456) verbs in the present tense account for 70% of verb use in academic texts and verbs in the past tense for 15% of verb use in academic texts. It is therefore important to learn them from an early stage
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Modal Verbs
A modal verb is a type of auxiliary verb. Its function is to modulate the meaning of the verb. They have grammatical functions, helping to form complex verbal groups. Examples are “can”, “may”,
might”, “must”. According to Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad & Finegan (1999, p. 456) modal
verbs account for 15% of verb use in academic texts. It is therefore important to learn them from an early stage
Passive Voice
A passive clause has the basic form “The distribution was studied.” It includes a passive verb
According to Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad & Finegan (1999, p. 477) verbs in their simple form account for 25% of verb use in academic texts. The short passive (without “by …” ) is much more common than the long passive with “by …”). It is therefore important to learn passive forms from an early stage. Some verbs in academic texts occur mostly in the passive form
Perfective Aspect
Aspect refers to the way an action denoted by a verb should be viewed with respect to time
Perfective aspect is realised by “have” + past participle of a verb. According to Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad & Finegan (1999, p. 461) verbs in their simple form account for 94% of verb use in academic texts; perfective aspect for 6%
The perefective aspect, however, is commonly used in citations when making general statement
about previous research, espcecially when lists of studies are cited
For example:
Previous studies on the workstudy balance of parttime business students (Campbell, 2004;
Guthrie, Logan, & Tuomy, 2003; Smith, 1999) have concluded that most students prioritise work
over study
On a short course, it might not seem to be an efficient use of time to concentrate on these forms Progressive Aspect
Aspect refers to the way an action denoted by a verb should be viewed with respect to time
Perfective aspect is realised by “have” + past participle of a verb. Progressive aspect is realised by
“be” + present participle of a verb. According to Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad & Finegan (1999,
p. 461) verbs in their simple form account for 94% of verb use in academic texts; progressive
aspect for 2%. On a short course, it would not seem to be an efficient use of time to concentrate on these forms.
Ergative Verbs
An ergative verb is a verb that can be either transitive or intransitive. However, when it is
intransitive, its subject corresponds to its direct object when transitive. This is particularly important when the passive is used. An example is "increase". It is possible to write:
Inflation was increased
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Inflation increased
Students often write "Inflation was increased." when it would be more appropriate to write: "Inflation increased."
These verbs are very common in academic language and other examples are: "accelerate, begin, bend, boil, break, broaden, bruise, burn, burst, change, close, combine, connect, cool, condense, crack, decrease, deflate, develop, diminish, disperse, drop, dry, end, enrol, evaporate, expand,
finish, float, flood, fracture, freeze, grow, harden, ignite, improve, increase, industrialise, inflate, join, lengthen, lock, loosen, lower, melt, mend, merge, move, multiply, open, plunge, reload, reunite,
revolve, rewind, rock, roll, run, scatter, separate, shake, shut, spill, spin, split, stand, start, stiffen, stop, strengthen, stretch, swing, tear, terminate, tighten, toughen, transfer, turn, twist, vaporise,
weaken."
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