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Passive VOICE

A/ Objectives : - To help Ss to know more about passive and do exercises.

B/ Procedures :

I / GRAMMAR

A/ The passive voice.

Active : Hemingway wrote “The old man and the sea “

Passive: “ The old man and the sea” was written by Hemingway

S + be + PII + by + O

1 Simple Present

2 Simple Past

3 Simple Future

4 Present Perfect

5 Past Perfect

6 Present Continuous

7 Past Continuous

8 Modals

eat, eats ate will, shall eat has, have eaten had eaten

am, is, are eating was, were eating can eat

am, is, are eaten was, were eaten will, shall be eaten has,have been eaten had been eaten

am, is, are being eaten was, were being eaten can be eaten

Notes:

- Trạng từ thời gian đứng sau “by”

Ex : She does the housework every morning

The housework is done by her every morning

-Trạng từ thể cách đứng giữa “to be” và PII

E x : She cooked the meals carefully

The meals were carefully cooked by her

-Trạng t nơi chốn đứng trớc “by”

Ex : She will put the flower vase in the living room

The flower vase will be put in the living room by her

-Đối với chủ ngữ là : “nobody, nothing, no one “ có thể áp dụng 2 cách chuyển

Ex : Nobody saw him last night

He was not seen last night

He was seen by nobody last night

-Các chủ ngữ mơ hồ : somebody, something, people, they, someone, khi chuyển sang câu bị động

có thể lợc bỏ “by + O “

Ex : Somebody has stolen my purse

My purse has been stolen

- Động từ nêu lên ý kiến : say, think, believe, report, know……… có thể đổi theo 2 cách:

Ex : People said that he had gone abroad

It was said that he has gone abroad

He was said to have gone abroard

 Các nội động từ (Động từ không yêu cầu 1 tân ngữ nào) không đợc dùng ở bị động

Ex: My leg hurts.

 Đặc biệt khi chủ ngữ chịu trách nhiệm chính của hành động cũng không đợc chuyển thành câu

bị động

Ex: The America takes charge: Nớc Mỹ nhận lãnh trách nhiệm

 Nếu là ngời hoặc vật trực tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng by nhng nếu là vật gián tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng with

Ex: The bird was shot with the gun - The bird was shot by the hunter.

 Trong một số trờng hợp to be/to get + P2 hoàn toàn không mang nghĩa bị động mà mang 2 nghĩa:

 Chỉ trạng thái mà chủ ngữ đang ở trong đó

Ex: Could you please check my mailbox while I am gone.

Ex: He got lost in the maze of the town yesterday.

 Chỉ việc chủ ngữ tự làm lấy

Ex: The little boy gets dressed very quickly.

Ex: Could I give you a hand with these tires.

No thanks, I will be done when I finish tightening these bolts

Mọi sự biến đổi về thời và thể đều nhằm vào động từ to be, còn phân từ 2 giữ nguyên

• to be made of: Đợc làm bằng (Đề cập đến chất liệu làm nên vật)

Ex: This table is made of wood

• to be made from: Đợc làm ra từ (đề cập đến việc nguyên vật liệu bị biến đổi hoàn toàn về

trạng thái ban đầu để làm nên vật)

Ex: Paper is made from wood

• to be made out of: Đợc làm bằng (đề cập đến quá trình làm ra vật)

Ex: This cake was made out of flour, butter, sugar, eggs and milk

• to be made with: Đợc làm với (đề cập đến chỉ một trong số nhiều chất liệu làm nên vật)

Ex: This soup tastes good because it was made a lot of spices.

B/ The present perfect tense

1/ Form

(+) S + have/has + PII

(-) S + have/has + not + PII (?) Have/Has + S + PII …?

2/ The uses.

a) Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ không nêu rõ thời gian

Ex : I have read the introduction but I don’t understand them

She has painted her room

b) Một hành động mới xảy ra gần đây mà kết quả vẫn còn ở hiện tại

Ex : Tom has had a bad car accident

c) Một hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ nhng còn tiếp diễn đến hiện tại (thờng dùng với since và for) -Since: thời điểm

-For: thời lợng

Ex : We have lived in this house since 1972

They have stayed in that hotel for two weeks

d) Một hành động xảy ra trong một khoảng thời gian cha chấm dứt ( thờng dùng với today, this morning, this month, all night, all week…….)

Ex : He has played video games all night

I have got many bad marks this semester

e) Đợc dùng với các cấu trúc :

* This/That/ It is the first/second/third…………time……

* This/That/ It is the only………

* This/That/It is + superlative

Ex : This is the first time I have been to London

This is the only party I’ve ever enjoyed in my life

That is the most exciting novel I’ve ever read

f) Thờng dùng với các thành ngữ : already, not………yet, yet, ever, never, just, so far, recently, lately………

Ex : Have you seen Ann lately ?

My parents have just bought a new house

II-Exercises

Ex 1/ Supply the corect form of the verbs in brackets.

1 She ( leave )……… school last year Since then she (work)……….as a waitress at a local pub

2 I’m sorry I ( not finish)……… this homework yet

3 You (see)………any good films recently?

4 How many cups of coffee (drink)……….today ?

5 Our team (be)……… rubbish They (just lose)………eight games one after the other

6 Poems as well as plays ( write)……….by William Shakespeare

7 I’m not cooking today I (cook)……… all the meals yesterday In fact, I (cook)

………most of the meals this week

8 This is the second times I ( come back)……….to Ho Chi Minh city

9 The dancers ( perform)……….very well when we came in

10.They ( have )………a party at their friend’s house tonight

EX 4/ Change the following sentences from the active into the passive.

1.My sister gave me a new pair of Jeans on my fifteen birthday

………

2 The worker are building a supermarket on our street

………

3 The zoo keepers feed the animals twice a day

………

4 They have sold their car to pay their dept

………

5 We are going to grow flowers in the front garden

………

6 You musn’t use this machine after 5.30 pm

………

7 My grandmother is knitting a new sweater for me

………

8 Did people make jeans two hundred years ago ?

9 We don’t use this kind of cloth to make shirts

………

10 Vietnamese women continue to wear the unique and fashtionable ao dai

………

* ANSWERS:

EX1:

2 haven't finished 7 cooked / have cooked

5 is/ have just lost 10 are going to have

EX2:

1/ So when did you get / return/ come back home ?

2/ How long did you stay there ?

3/ What was the weather like ( there ) ?

4/ What/ Where did you visit ?

5/ Did you speak English all the time ?

EX4:

1 I was given a new pair of jeans on my fifteen birthday by my sister

or A new pair of jeans was given to me on my fifteen birthday by my sister

2 A supermarket is being built on our street ( by the workers )

3 The animals are fed twice a day ( by the zoo keepers )

4 Their car has been sold to pay their debt ( by them )

5 Flowers are going to be grown in the front garden ( by us )

6 This machine mustn't be used after 5.30 pm ( by you )

7.A new sweater is being knitted for me by my grandmother

8 Were jeans made two hundred years ago

9 This kind of cloth isn't used to make shirts ( by us )

10 The unique and fashionable ao dai continues to be worn by Vietnamese women