Infinitive/ GerundThere are certain words in English that are usually followed by an infinitive or gerund.. I-Infinitive: Use: Certain words are followed by an infinite verb with or with
Trang 1Infinitive/ Gerund
There are certain words in English that are usually followed by an infinitive or gerund If you are not sure whether to use the infinitive or gerund, look at the chart below or look the words up in a dictionary
I-Infinitive:
Use:
Certain words are followed by an infinite verb with or without ‘to’.
As the subject of a clause To love is to forgive
After certain expressions (without ‘to’) Why not visit our friend?
After certain expressions (without ‘to’) I can swim
After certain verbs (with ‘to’) He wants to swim
After certain verbs with interrogatives (infinitive
constructions)
He doesn’t know how to swim
After certain verbs with objects (without ‘to’) He made her swim
After certain verbs with objects (with ‘to’) He wanted her to swim
After certain adjectives and their comparisons It’s easier to swim downstream
After nouns deriving from verbs We made a promise to swim (derived from the verb
to promise)
As the subject of a clause:
1-To wake early disturbs him a lot.
2-To follow his advice seemed logical.
After certain expressions (without ‘to’):
1-I would rather stay at home.
2-You had better try this medicine.
(Had better - would rather -would sooner -why not -why should I/you/… [not] )
Infinitive after certain Verbs (without to):
1-We must stay at home.
2-You shouldn’t be late.
(Can dare (also with to) do help (also with to) let may must need (also with to) shall should
-will)
Infinitive after certain Verbs (with to):
1- He refused to pay the bill.
2-She stopped her car to buy some cheese.
Infinitive after certain Verbs with Interrogative (how, if, what, where, whether):
1-We didn't remember where to meet.
1
Trang 22-She learnt how to repair the computer.
Infinitive after certain Verbs with an Object (without 'to'):
1-We heard him scream.
2-She made him leave his wife.
(Let -make)
Infinitive after certain Verbs with an Object (with 'to'):
1-He advised me to travel to Canada.
2-The mother warned her son not to play with the matches.
(Advise allow ask beg cause enable encourage expect forbid force get help invite mean -order -permit -persuade -recommend -remind -teach -tell -want -warn -would hate -would like -would love -would prefer )
Infinitive after certain Adjectives:
1-It was impossible to go back.
2-I was surprised to see him.
Infinitive after certain Nouns:
1-There was no need to get angry.
2-He made a big effort to convince her.
II-Gerund:
Form:
Ing form of the verb.
Use:
Certain words are followed by an Ing-Form.
As the subject of a clause Cycling is good for health.
After certain adjectives She is afraid of travelling by plane.
After certain prepositions Before going to work, he took his breakfast.
After certain verbs with prepositions I’m looking forward to meeting you.
After certain nouns I had problems finding my way to your house.
As the subject of a clause:
1-Reading is the food of the mind.
2-Swimming is her favourite sport.
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Trang 3Adjectives (with Prepositions) followed by the Gerund:
1-I am interested in visiting the museum.
2-She is good at playing chess.
(Afraid of angry about / at bad at busy clever at crazy about disappointed about excited about famous for fond of glad about good at impressed by interested in keen on like near proud of -sick of -sorry about -tired of -worried about –worth)
Prepositions followed by the Gerund:
1-Instead of studying for her exams, she went out every night.
2-He took the money without telling it to his father.
(About (in 'how/what about') after apart from because of before by in in spite of instead of on -without )
Verbs followed by the Gerund:
1-She enjoys cooking.
2-Would mind lending me some books?
(Admitadvise allow appreciate avoid can't help can't stand considerdelay deny mind miss -permit -postpone -practise -reject -resist -risk -stop -suggest -understand -waste time / money )
Verbs with Prepositions followed by the Gerund:
1-I'm looking forward to seeing you again soon.
2-They apologized for coming late.
(Accuse of adjust to agree with apologize for approve of ask about ask for begin by believe in
-be used to -blame for -care for -carry on -complain about -concentrate on -congratulate on -consist of cope with decide againstdecide for depend on die of dream about / ofescape from feel like -forgive for -give up -insist on -keep on-look forward to -object to -pay for -prevent sb From-protect from-put off -rely on -spend money on -spend time on -succeed in -suspect of -take part in-talk about /
of -thank for -think of -use for –warn against-worry about )
Nouns / Nouns with Prepositions followed by the Gerund:
1-There's no point in waiting any longer.
2-He has a difficulty in getting up early.
(Advantage of alternative of chance of choice between danger of difficulty in doubt about
-experience in -fun -hope of -idea of -interest in -opportunity of -place for -pleasure in -point
in-possibility of -problem -reason for -trouble -trouble in -use -way of -waste of money -waste of time)
Words followed either by Infinitive or Ing -Form:
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Trang 4Use and word lists Examples
Same meaning but different use She forbids us to talk/talking
Different meaning He stopped to smoke/ He stopped smoking Infinitive or present participle I saw him steal the money/ I saw him stealing the
money
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