The Past Perfect TenseForm : Affirmative: subject + had + past participle I had finished my homework when she arrived.. Interrogative: Had + subject + past participle Had she studied Fr
Trang 1The Past Perfect Tense
Form :
Affirmative: subject + had + past participle
I had finished my homework when she arrived.
Negative: subject + hadn’t + past participle.
She was hungry because she hadn’t had lunch.
Interrogative: Had + subject + past participle
Had she studied French before she went to
Paris ?
Use:
We use the Past Perfect to express:
1 Something that had happened before
something else took place.
When I got home, he had already left.
(* we use the Past Simple in the second action ).
2 A past situation with a hypothetical
result (Conditional 3).
If I had known you were coming, I
I would have made a cake
3 We often use by the time, when, before,
after, as soon as to make sentences with the
Past Simple and the Past Perfect.
Past Simple
Use the past simple to talk about activities
which took place at a specified time in the past
(the time may be clear or implied in the
context.)
Did you meet him last week?
I saw your sister at the party two weeks ago.
We didn’t know the answer to question n.2.
Past Continuous
Use the Past Continuous
1 for a longer action in the past
They were travelling around the world for
most of the year in 2010.
2 actions that were in progress when another
action was completed.
They were staying at a five star hotel when
they threw the fruit pies at one another.
Notes
A Rainforest Adventure
Last summer, four friends – Tom, Jack, Sally and Samantha - 1 (travel) with their families to the Amazon rainforest on holiday The teenagers 2(not be supposed) to walk through the forest on their own but they 3 ( not resist) having a rainforest adventure!
They .4(set) off early in the morning with a pair of binoculars, a matchbox, a camera, a torch, some sandwiches and some water
in their rucksacks At the last minute, Sally and Samantha 5(decide) not to go, because they 6(think) they’d get too tired
Tom 7 (take) landscape photos while Jack 8(try) to observe the birds and animals with his binoculars Under a huge old tree, they 9(find) a canoe that 10(certainly be) there for a long time because it was covered with a heap of dry branches and leaves The boys 11(have) so much fun that they .12(complet ely forget) to mark their way on the map They 13(see) so many beautiful birds and noisy monkeys leaping from branch to branch, they .14(hear) such strange sounds as they 15
They 16(never experience) anything like that before At about midday, the boys 17(be) hungry and thirsty That was when they
girls .19(put) the sandwiches in their rucksacks
Now, with no mobile phones and without anything to eat, what would they do?
Complete the story, writing the correct tense and form of the verbs between brackets
Trang 2Part 2
Tom and Jack
20(continue) walking but they
21 ( be) tired and worried
Jack 22(do) what he could
to show optimism ‘ Look! If we take
that track, we’ll get back in no time!
It’s a shortcut to the village′, he said
Time 23(go) by and
the boys 24(not know)
what to do It 25
(get) darker and darker and they still
couldn’t see the lights of the village
′Don’t you think we should camp under
that tree and wait till dawn to go on? ′,
Tom asked ′I think you’re right, Tom’,
Jack answered ′If we
26 (help) the girls pack our things, we
wouldn’t have ended up starving in the
forest′, he added
Although they 27(not
talk) about their fears, they
28(be) totally confused While
they
29(prepare) to lie down under a
big tree and spend the night in the
darkness of the forest, Tom
30(see) lights twinkling in a small
wooden house built on stilts by the
river The boys 31 (look) at
each other and 32 (start)
to run down the path Before long,
they 33(knock
) at the little house door An old couple
34 (answer) it, 35 (smile)
at them, but they couldn’t understand
their language Even so, they must have
understood that they
boys 36 ( get) lost in
the forest So
they 37 (invite) them
to go in with a wave and a smile The
old lady 38 (open) a
room door and 39 (show) them
some mats where they could sit
Part 3
The woman .40 (go) out and soon 41(come) back with some fruit and sweets She 42 (put) an oil lamp
on a small table and 43(offer) them some coconut water The boys 44 (be) too tired They 45(fall) asleep and 46(wake) up when the sun 47(rise) A cock
48 (crow) as the nice old couple 49 (walk) to the spot where the boys 50 (see) an old wooden boat the day before The boys and the old couple 51(lift)
it, 52 (raise) it above their heads and 53(carry) it to the river Then, they 54(row) down the winding river Half an hour later, the boys .55(arrive) at the
families 56(wait) for them ′Thank goodness, you’re safe!′, Jack’s father 57(shout) as the boat 58(get) near the shore
′And thank you for helping our boys′, their mothers said to the old couple They simply 59(smile) and
60(wave) at the people around them
Trang 3PART 1 PART 2 PART 3
TRAVELLED 1 CONTINUED 20 WENT 40
WEREN’T SUPPOSED 2 WERE 21 CAME 41
DIDN’T RESIST 3 DID 22 PUT 42
SET OFF 4 WENT 23 OFFERED 43
DECIDED 5 DIDN’T KNOW 24 WERE 44
THOUGHT 6 It WAS GETTING 25 FELL 45
WAS TAKING 7 HAD HELPED 26 WOKE 46
WAS TRYING 8 DIDN’T TALK 27 WAS RISING 47
FOUND 9 WERE 28 WAS CROWING 48
HAD CERTAINLY BEEN 10 WERE PREPARING 29 WALKED 49
WERE HAVING 11 SAW 30 HAD SEEN 50
HAD COMPLETELY FORGOTTEN 12 LOOKED 31 LIFTED 51
HAD SEEN 13 STARTED 32 RAISED 52
HAD HEARD 14 WERE KNOCKING 33 CARRIED 53
WERE WALKING 15 ANSWERED 34 ROWED 54
HAD NEVER EXPERIENCED 16 SMILED35 ARRIVED 55
WERE 17 HAD GOT 36 WERE WAITING 56
REMEMBERED 18 INVITED 37 SHOUTED 57
HAD PUT 19 OPENED 38 WAS GETTING 58
SHOWED 39 SMILED 59
WAVED60
* The passage was based on an extra activity for Lesson 4C in Redston C et al Face2Face Intermediate – Teacher’s Book- p
144, C.U.P.,2007.
KEY