Essential science 5 reinforcement worksheets

Bacteria are the smallest living things.. Some bacteria are helpful: for example, they help us to make food.. Milk is fermented with special types of bacteria to make cheese.. ‘Good’ ba

Science, Geography and History

Reinforcement and Extension

Worksheets

The Reinforcement and Extension Worksheets for Essential Science, Science,Geography

and History for Year 5 of Primary Education are a collective work, conceived,

designed and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana,

under the supervision of J osé T omas H enao and J avier P érez r ubalcaba

Contributing author: Lesley Thompson

Editors: Martin Minchom, Sheila Klaiber

Illustrations: Jorge Salas

Art Director: José Crespo

Design coordinator: Rosa Marín

Cover design: Martín León Barreto

Artwork coordinator: Carlos Aguilera

Coordinator design development: Javier Tejeda

Design development: José Luis García and Raúl de Andrés

Technical director: Angel García Encinar

Technical coordinators: Fernando Carmona, Marisa Valbuena

Layout: Alfonso García, Pedro Valencia

Research and photographic selection: Amparo Rodriguez

Photographs: C Suárez; Carlos Jiménez/photoAlquimia; GARCÍA-PELAYO/Juancho; I Rovira;

J C Muñoz; J I Medina; J Jaime; MICROS/J M Blanco; J Lucas; J M.ª Escudero; J V Resino;

Krauel; L M Iglesias; Larrión-Pimoulier; M Blanco; M San Félix; O Torres; ORONOZ; P Esgueva;

P López; Prats i Camps; S Enríquez; S Padura; TERRANOVA INTERPRETACIÓN Y GESTION

AMBIENTAL; A G E FOTOSTOCK/Science Source; ARCHIVO SAHATS/Domench - Azpilicueta;

DIGITAL BANK; EFE/Dennis M Sabangan; EFE/SIPA-PRESS/Letterio Pomara, R L.; GETTY IMAGES

SALES SPAIN; HIGHRES PRESS STOCK/AbleStock.com; I Preysler; J M.ª Barres; JOHN FOXX IMAGES;

MUSEUM ICONOGRAFÍA/J Martin; O Daidola; PHOTODISC; SEIS X SEIS/D Lezama; Armand Colin-

Véronèse; BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL DE ESPAÑA/Laboratorio Biblioteca Nacional; I Nieva; MATTON-BILD;

REAL ACADEMIA ESPAÑOLA DE LA LENGUA, MADRID; SERIDEC PHOTOIMAGENES CD; ARCHIVO

SANTILLANA

All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval

system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,

photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of

United Kingdom

Page Reinforcement Worksheets

1 1 Living things 4

1 2 Plants 6

1 3 Invertebrates 8

1 4 Vertebrates 10

1 5 Nutrition 12

1 6 Matter 14

1 7 The atmosphere 16

1 8 The landscape 18

1 9 Rivers 20

10 Population 22

11 The economy 24

12 Prehistory and Antiquity 26

13 The Middle Ages 28

Extension Worksheets 1 1 Living things 30

1 2 Plants 32

1 3 Invertebrates 34

1 4 Vertebrates 36

1 5 Nutrition 38

1 6 Matter 40

1 7 The atmosphere 42

1 8 The landscape 44

1 9 Rivers 46

10 Population 48

11 The economy 50

12 Prehistory and Antiquity 52

13 The Middle Ages 54

Answer Key 56

1 Name three living and three non-living things

a Three living things:

b Three non-living things:

2 Match the two columns.

4 Label this cell.

3 Use these words to complete the sentences

b Living things which are made up of a single cell are

Living things

a Nutrition

b Sensitivity

c Reproduction

1 Living things react to their environments.

2 Living things have offspring.

3 Living things eat food, which contains nutrients.

unicellular wall multicellular membrane cytoplasm nucleus cells

cytoplasmnucleusmembrane

REINFORCEMENT

5 Match the characteristics to the kingdom.

6 Answer the questions.

a How are fungi and plants similar?

b How are fungi and animals similar?

1 They make their own food.

2 They have roots in

the ground

and sense organs

organisms for food

5 They can move from one

from the roots to the leaves inside the stem.

the plant’s food

group of plants

h Non-flowering plants need

which live on rocks and trees

REINFORCEMENT

2 Use the words to label the illustration of plant nutrition.

3 Circle the correct option.

a Flowers are the nutritional / reproductive organs of plants.

b The stamens are the male / female parts which produce pollen.

c Tiny pollen grains form on the stamens / petals.

d Respiration / Pollination is the movement of pollen from the stamens to the ovary

e The ovary / corolla is the female part which contains ovules.

f Sunlight / Wind can carry pollen to other plants.

g After pollination, the ovary / calyx grows and becomes a fruit with seeds.

h When seeds germinate, they open / close and small roots grow.

4 Label these stems: tubers, bulbs or stolens.

elaborated sapcarbon dioxideleaf

oxygenraw saprootsstemwater and dissolved minerals

3 Invertebrates

1 Complete the text about invertebrates.

a larva hatches from an egg

2 Identify the invertebrate groups.

3 Name the invertebrates.

a Invertebrates you have seen:

b Invertebrates you have eaten:

c Invertebrates which can sting you:

4 Which invertebrate group is being described?

a They have soft bodies Many are covered by shells

b They are marine animals with jelly-like bodies and tentacles

c They are covered by a hard exoskeleton

d They have irregular bodies and cannot move

e They have long, soft bodies Many are parasites

5 Label the parts of this arthropod

6 Match the columns.

ArachnidsCrustaceans InsectsMyriapods

1 Their bodies are divided into three parts.

4 The thorax has six legs.

2 They have ten or more legs.

5 They are the most numerous arthropod group.

7 The head has one pair of short antennae.

3 They have long bodies with many legs.

6 They have eight legs.

8 The body is divided into the abdomen

and the cephalothorax

2 Complete the table Use words from the wordsearch.

Mammal group Example A characteristic

They have no hair.

3 Circle the correct option.

a The bodies of reptiles are covered with fur / scales.

b Reptiles are warm-blooded / cold-blooded animals.

c All reptiles breathe through their lungs / gills.

d Reptiles are oviparous / viviparous.

e Most reptiles are herbivores / carnivores.

4 Identify the reptile groups.

5 Which reptile group is being described?

a They have a shell to protect their body

b They have very short legs, and they crawl

c They have long bodies with no limbs, and they slither

d They spend a lot of time in water, and they use their large teeth to capture their

prey

6 True or false? Decide and write T or F

a A fish’s body is covered with thin, shiny scales

b Fish use their gills to swim

c Fish and amphibians are oviparous

d Sharks are bony fish

e Amphibians stay in or near water to keep their skin dry

f Amphibians without tails have a long body and four similar limbs

g Amphibians without tails have long, strong back legs and a long tongue

they use to catch their prey

a

c

b

d

1 Answer the questions.

a What are nutrients?

b What are the two types of carbohydrates? What do they give us?

c Why do we need proteins?

d How does fibre help us?

3 Match the columns Then answer the question.

• What happens in the alveoli?

4 Use these words to complete the sentences

systemic circulation pulmonary circulation blood vessels capillaries arteries veinscirculation

a We breathe

b Air enters through the nose

c From the pharynx, the air

e In the lungs,

d Next, it goes to the bronchi

f At the end of the bronchioles,

1 and passes through the pharynx.

2 and into each lung.

3 the bronchi divide into bronchioles.

5 to obtain oxygen from the air.

4 are the alveoli.

6 goes to the larynx and the trachea.

1 Match the columns

2 Name examples of types of matter.

a Two examples of pure substances:

b One example of a mixture:

3 Answer the questions.

a What is mass?

b What is volume?

c What is density?

d How do we calculate density?

e What is the density of water?

f What is the density of iron?

Matter

a Everything in the universe

b Matter is made up of

c An element is matter which

e A compound is matter which

d Mixtures are made up of

g All matter has general

3 like mass and volume.

5 several pure substances.

4 consists of only one type of atom.

7 consists of more than one kind

of atom

6 a single type of element or

compound

REINFORCEMENT

4 Complete the sentences about changes in matter.

a A solid changes into a gas:

b A solid changes into a liquid:

c A gas changes into a liquid:

d A liquid changes into a gas:

another substance

5 Tick (✓) the properties of each state of matter.

Fixed volume No fixed volume Fixed shape No fixed shape

solids liquids gases

6 Identify these changes in state

Then write the word.

Contraction Combustion Expansion Fragmentation Oxidation Putrefaction

1

3

2

4

1 Tick (✓) the true sentences

a The atmosphere is the wind which surrounds the Earth

b Air is mainly made up of carbon dioxide and oxygen

c Ozone filters harmful ultraviolet rays

d The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere

e Plants and animals live in the troposphere

f The stratosphere is the next layer

g The thin layer of ozone in the upper statosphere is called outer space

2 Complete

the paragraph

on the water

cycle

4 This water filters into the land and also forms rivers and lakes and some returns

The atmosphere REINFORCEMENT

3 Match the columns.

4 Answer the questions.

a What is magma?

b What is lava?

c What do you see in these photographs?

5 Look for examples of the damage done by earthquakes or erosion in your area

or on the Internet Describe what you see.

a Waves

b Tides

c Ocean currents

2 are the movement of large masses of ocean water.

3 are the rise and fall of the water’s surface.

1 are the rise and fall of the sea level.

• What causes tides?

1 Circle the correct option.

a All the features of the Earth’s surface make up the geosphere / landscape.

b Hills have a lower / higher altitude than mountains.

c Several mountains grouped together are called a mountain range / chain.

d A plateau is a plain at a low / high altitude.

2 Find 10 words in the wordsearch Then complete the sentences.

h An is the part of a river which opens into the sea

j A is a place where the sea extends into the land

3 Label these places on the map.

• Indicate where you live on the map

Which coast is nearest to your home?

N

S

158225P19

1 Match the columns.

2 Label the watersheds and the rivers.

• Describe the rivers in each watershed

1 artifi cial lakes.

3 the route a river takes.

5 the amount of water a river carries.

2 a body of moving water.

4 areas where all the rivers fl ow into the same sea.

158225P20

REINFORCEMENT

3 Label the illustration.

4 Complete the table on climate in Spain

Climate Location Rainfall Temperatures

c Investigate one of the National Parks in Europe and write about the climate, the

flora and the fauna there

polar zonepolar zonetemperate zonetemperate zoneEquator

tropical zone

1 Complete the sentences

d Population density is measured by

2 Classify these causes for migration Add one more cause to each category:

• Are you an immigrant? Do you know any immigrants?

Why did you / they come?

3 Answer the questions

a Why did many emigrants leave Europe in the past?

b Where did they go?

c Why do many immigrants come to Europe today?

d Where do they come from?

e Why do some young European adults emigrate?

Population

wars political problems droughts earthquakes fl oods religious problems

REINFORCEMENT

4 Write about population density in Spain.

The population is not evenly distributed.

• Describe the population density where you live

Between 500,000 and 1,000,000 inhabitants Less than 500,000 inhabitants

More than 1,000,000 inhabitants

Population density

158225P23

1 Match the columns.

2 Classify these means of transport.

Private transport Public transport

b The primary sector includes

d The service sector

c In the secondary sector

e Schools and tourism are

3 fishing and forestry.

1 people who work but receive no

money

6 unemployed people who are

looking for work

5 in the service sector.

4 natural resources are transformed.

2 is also called the tertiary sector.

3 Find 11 words in the wordsearch and classify them

4 Answer the questions.

a What percentage of the Spanish active population works in each sector?

b Which sector is most important where you live?

c What kind of work do most of the people do?

5 Write about one of these two kinds of tourism.

1. Are the sentences true or false? Write T (true) or F (false)

a Prehistory is the long period before the invention of the wheel

b The Stone Age began about fi ve million years ago

c In the Palaeolithic period, people moved from place to place

d In the Neolithic period, people made pots and cloth

e In the Neolithic period, people built the fi rst cities

f The Metal Ages began about ten thousand years ago

g The wheel and the plough were invented during the Metal Ages

h During the Metal Ages, craftsmen made weapons and jewellery

2 Answer the questions.

a Where did the Phoenicians come from?

b Where did the Greeks come from?

c Where did the Carthaginians come from?

Colour the Phoenician colonies green, the Greek colonies red, and the

•

Carthaginian colonies blue Label them

Prehistory and Antiquity REINFORCEMENT

3 Complete the sentences about Roman times You can use some of these words

a More than 2,000 years ago, the Romans defeated the and conquered the Iberian Peninsula

e After about 400 A.D., invaders entered the peninsula

f Five cities on the Iberian Peninsula which were founded by the Romans were

4 Identify these examples of Roman archuitecture.

forum temple theatre road aqueduct circusa

d

b

c

1 Complete the sentences about the Visigoths.

a The Visigoths settled in

b Toledo

c Later they conquered

d The Visigoths converted to

e They based their laws on

f The Visigoths lived in villages and used the land for

g They were expert

h The Visigoth kingdom ended

2 Answer the questions Then complete the map of the Muslim conquest

a When did the Muslim army invade

Visigothic Spain?

b What did they call Hispania?

c What do the arrows represent?

d Where were the three main battles?

Locate them on the map

e Where were the independent Christian

territories? Shade them on the map

The Middle Ages REINFORCEMENT

158225P28

3 Circle the correct option.

a The highest authority of the Muslims was the king / caliph.

b The religion of the Muslims was Latin / Islam.

c The Christians lived in the countryside / cities in the north of the peninsula.

d The Muslims built mosques / churches to practise their religion.

e The first Christian kingdom was in Navarre / Asturias.

f After the year 1000, Al Andalus broke up into small caliphs / taifas.

g The Christian kingdoms prospered / weakened.

h The Catholic Monarch conquered Córdoba / Granada in 1492.

4 Answer the questions

a What characterises Gothic arquitecture?

b Who are these people? Work with a friend.

c Why is the year 1492 so important?

d Why are the 16th and 17th centuries called the Golden Age of Spain?

Bacteria ◆ A bacterium (plural: bacteria) is a member of a large group of organisms which

have cell walls, but not an organised nucleus Bacteria are usually unicellular They can live in

different environments such as water, soil, air or inside other living things

Bacteria are the smallest living things Most of them are so small that they can only be seen

with a microscope These bacteria are called micro-organisms or microbes They often feed

on decaying matter, such as dead animals or plants

Some bacteria are helpful: for example, they help us to make food Milk is fermented with

special types of bacteria to make cheese ‘Good’ bacteria are also used to make yoghurt and

bread They give a unique texture and taste to the food

Other bacteria are harmful and can make you ill Some diseases, such as measles and mumps,

are caused by ‘bad’ bacteria Bacteria can cause food to decay If you eat mouldy bread, you

can have stomach problems Bacteria also cause tooth

decay We can protect ourselves from harmful bacteria

by washing our hands, cleaning our teeth, and storing

food carefully We should also be careful how we cook

our food The bacteria which cause the disease

salmonella can be killed by careful cooking.

1 Answer the questions

a How many cells do bacteria usually have?

b Where do bacteria live?

c What do you need if you want to see bacteria? Why?

d What do we call the smallest type of bacteria?

e What do bacteria feed on?

f How do we use ‘good’ bacteria?

g Find examples in the text of illnesses caused by bacteria

h How can we fight ‘bad’ bacteria?

Bacteria en yoghurt

2 Find words in the text that mean the following:

3 Complete the text about ‘good’ bacteria.

Bacteria are used in the fermentation of

4 Write about ‘bad’ bacteria Include information about problems caused by bad

bacteria and things we can do to protect ourselves.

‘Bad’ bacteria can cause

5 Investigate.

a Who was the first person to see

bacteria through a microscope and describe them?

b Look up the word ‘bacterium’ in a dictionary

Which language is it from?

Why was it given its original name?

2 Plants

1 Make notes about the olive tree.

EXTENSION

The olive tree ◆ The olive is an evergreen tree which can live for a very long time

It grows in dry, rocky places and is common in Mediterranean countries.

The trunk of the olive tree is thick and twisted Its bark is silver-grey in colour.

Its leaves are narrow and pointed They are dark green and smooth on top.

The flowers of the olive tree are cream

coloured and each flower has four petals

and four short stamens The fruit of the olive

is like a berry At first, it is green and then it

ripens and becomes black The fruit has a

single brown seed inside.

The olive tree has been cultivated since

Antiquity Olives are used to produce olive

oil and are also eaten as a snack or in

salads.

The olive tree

Type of tree: evergreen