Comprehension skills grade 6

The reading passages in this book were selected and adapted from the following titles in the series, 35 Reading Passages for Comprehension: Context Clues & Figurative Language, Inference

40 Short Passages for Close Reading

Linda Ward Beech

New York • Toronto • London • Auckland • Sydney

Mexico City • New Delhi • Hong Kong • Buenos Aires

The reading passages in this book were selected and adapted from the following titles in the series,

35 Reading Passages for Comprehension: Context Clues & Figurative Language, Inferences & Drawing Conclusions,

Main Ideas & Summarizing, and Point of View & Fact and Opinion (Scholastic, 2006)

Copyright © 2006 by Linda Ward Beech.

Cover design by Jorge J Namerow Interior design by Jason Robinson Illustrations by Mike Gordon ISBN: 978-0-545-46057-6 Text copyright © 2012 by Linda Ward Beech Illustrations copyright © 2012 by Scholastic Inc.

Published by Scholastic Inc.

All rights reserved.

Printed in the U.S.A.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 40 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12

Meeting the Common Core State Standards 6

1 Crazy Records 7

2 Buying Eggs 8

3 Curiosities 9

4 Strange and Stinky 10

5 Friend of the Everglades 11

6 Presenting Palladio 12

7 Daniel Webster’s Program 13

8 Clues for a Hobby 14

9 Big Business 15

10 Long-Ago Lighthouse 16

11 Island Homes 17

12 Capturing Harlem 18

13 Running With Haruurara 19

14 Up the Amazon 20

15 Hurray for Hubcaps! 21

16 Ancient Egyptian Celebrations 22 17 Traveler of the Past 23

18 Skip, Skip 24

19 A Great Writer 25

20 Dolphin Stories 26

21 Thunderhead Memorial 27

22 Ancient Trade Center 28

23 Elegant Elephants 29

24 Matzeliger’s Machine 30

25 Fort Christina 31

26 Bridge Signs 32

27 A President Preserves 33

28 Snowy Ride 34

29 Pets for People 35

30 Ikebana 36

31 Ears at Work 37

32 Over They Go 38

33 Oil History 9

34 Home Styles 40

35 It’s the Law 41

36 Patterns in Nature 42

37 A Hot Topic 43

38 Check the Calendar 44

39 Pay Attention to Prices 45

40 Funny Phrase 46

Answers 47

Passages

3

Comprehension Skills At-a-Glance

Use the information that follows to introduce the reading comprehension skills covered in this book

Main Idea & Details

Understanding the main or key idea of a paragraph is crucial for

a reader The main idea is what the paragraph is about The other parts of the paragraph help to explain more about this key idea The main idea is sometimes in the first or last sentence of a paragraph

Students should be aware that some main ideas are stated explicitly and others are implicit requiring readers to put together details to determine the main idea

The information that supports the main idea is usually referred to as the details Details—facts, examples, definitions, etc.—help a reader gain a fuller understanding of a paragraph

Summarize

Readers should be able to use main ideas to summarize a text

By summarizing, students are better able to recall important points This is an important skill for taking notes and studying for exams

Context Clues

Using context clues means determining an unfamiliar word’s meaning by studying the phrases, sentences, and overall text with which the word appears Context clues help readers comprehend and enjoy a text and also read more smoothly and efficiently

In this paragraph, students have to read

the entire text and ask themselves “What

is this paragraph mainly about?” The main

idea is supported by different facts (details)

about how egg sizes are determined

Several clues in the paragraph (upkeep, rot,

fresh reeds) help a reader determine the

1 Summarize 2 Draw Conclusions 3 Main Idea 4 Point of View

cartons in supermarkets That’s because there are six official egg

sizes The sizes are determined by weight A jumbo, the largest-

size egg, weighs 30 ounces, while a peewee egg, the smallest size,

weighs only 15 ounces In between are extra-large, large, medium,

and small eggs Most markets only stock the four largest sizes;

small and peewee eggs are usually sold to bakers and companies in

the food processing business.

1. The title that best summarizes this paragraph is

A Official Egg Sizes B Puzzling Consumers.

C Opening Egg Cartons D Eggs for Bakeries.

2. From this paragraph, you can conclude that

A the largest eggs are the best ones.

B hens try to lay heavy eggs.

C consumers don’t know how eggs are sized.

D egg cartons hold different size eggs.

3. The main idea of this paragraph is

A how small eggs are used.

B how egg sizes are determined.

C why eggs are different sizes.

D why there are only six egg sizes.

4. Which word best describes the writer’s point of view?

For hundreds of years, the Uro Indians of Peru have

used the totora plant for many things This plant, a

kind of reed, grows in water The Uro depend on it as

The Indians use the totora to form islands in a lake

They then build their homes from the totora plant on

upkeep, though As the totora plants rot in the water,

the Uro must constantly replenish them with fresh

reeds You must agree that the Uro have a hard life.

1 In this paragraph, the word replenish must mean

D the Uro Indians of Peru

3. From this paragraph, you can conclude that

21 1 Draw Conclusions 2 Main Idea 3 Fact & Opinion 4 Inference

B hubcaps of the past as collectors’ items.

C private hubcap museums and collections.

D well-known hubcap designers

3. Write fact or opinion next to each sentence.

A Some hubcap designers became quite well known

B They were really special

C Today, these hubcaps of the past are collectors’ items

4. Which of these sentences is most likely true?

A Today’s hubcap designers are well known

B Stamped metal hubcaps are valuable to collectors

C Most early hubcaps are now in California

D Geometric hubcap designs are the most popular.

Do dolphins and people have a special relationship?

Over the centuries, many civilizations have told stories of the bonds between people and dolphins

They are incredible creatures In an ancient Greek dolphins An Australian myth tells about a hero named Gowonda who turns into a helpful dolphin

In a tale from Peru, a pink dolphin sometimes becomes a human Even today, people report stories of dolphins helping swimmers or guiding ships through dangerous seas.

1. Which phrase best reflects the writer’s point of view?

A unimpressed by dolphins and their relationship with people

B admiration of dolphins and their relationship with people

C angry about dolphins and their relationship with people

2. The title that best summarizes the paragraph is

A Gowonda the Helpful Dolphin B Dionysus and Dolphins

C Bonds between People and Dolphins D A Pink Dolphin from Peru.

3. Write fact or opinion next to each sentence.

A In an ancient Greek story, the god Dionysus changes some pirates into dolphins.

B They are incredible creatures

C In a tale from Peru, a pink dolphin sometimes becomes a human.

4. From this paragraph, you can conclude that

A people are attracted to dolphins

B dolphins are smarter than people

To appreciate this text, the reader should understand that the writer has inserted commentary or opinion into the paragraph

For example, the sentence, They are

incredible creatures, is the author’s opinion

most likely making inferences—both in their daily lives and when

reading—without being aware of it Students should understand that

writers don’t include every detail in their writing; it is up to readers

to supply some information A reader makes a guess or inference by

putting together what is in a text with what he or she already knows

Inferring makes a significant difference in how much a reader gains

from a text

Draw Conclusions

After thinking about information in a text, a reader makes a decision

or conclusion by examining evidence rooted in the text Students

should know that writers don’t always state all of their ideas, so

readers have to look for clues to understand what is meant

Fact & Opinion

Readers who can identify and differentiate between statements of

fact and opinion are better able to analyze and assess a text Students

should learn to recognize phrases, such as I think, you should, and it’s

the best/most, that signal opinions.

Point of View

While distinguishing fact from opinion is one step in the reading

process, it is important for students to go further They should be

able to sort facts, opinions, and feelings to help determine a writer’s

point of view and compare it to what they themselves think Students

should learn that good readers consult several sources on subjects of

interest to gain different points of view

Tips

HTell students to first read

the passage and then answer

the questions Show them how

to fill in the circles for

bubble-test questions.

HThe comprehension skills targeted in the questions accompanying each passage are labeled at the bottom of the page.

HReview the completed pages with students on a regular basis Encourage them to explain their thinking for each correct answer.

as well as inferences drawn from the text

provide a summary of the text distinct from personal opinions or judgments

Craft and Structure

connotative, and technical meanings

to the development of the ideas

in the text

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

that are supported by reasons and evidence from claims that are not

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

10 By the end of the year, read and comprehend literary nonfiction in the grades 6–8 text

complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.

Language Standards

Knowledge of Language

Vocabulary Acquisition and Use

based on grade 6 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

word meanings

to better understand each of the words

with similar denotations (definitions)

and phrases; gather vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to

comprehension or expression

6

Ashrita Furman likes to break records In fact, over the years

Furman has set or broken more than 79 records listed in the

Guinness Book of World Records Two of his feats include

race-walking the fastest mile while twirling a hula hoop, and race-walking

81 miles with a milk bottle on top of his head He has also held

records for balancing 75 glasses on his chin and for going up

and down Mt Fuji in Japan on a pogo stick Why?

Mr Furman feels these activities bring him inner peace

A The Guinness Book of World Records.

B Climbing Japan’s Mt Fuji

C How to walk with a bottle on your head

D Ashrita Furman likes to break records

A Mr Furman has good balance

B Mr Furman enjoys his fame

C Mr Furman is in poor health

D Mr Furman works hard at his records

A what you walk on

B broken records

C accomplishments

D balancing acts

Consumers often spend a few puzzled moments looking at egg

cartons in supermarkets That’s because there are six official egg

sizes The sizes are determined by weight A jumbo, the largest-

size egg, weighs 30 ounces, while a peewee egg, the smallest size,

weighs only 15 ounces In between are extra-large, large, medium,

and small eggs Most markets only stock the four largest sizes;

small and peewee eggs are usually sold to bakers and companies in

the food processing business

A the largest eggs are the best ones

B hens try to lay heavy eggs

C consumers don’t know how eggs are sized

D egg cartons hold different size eggs

A how small eggs are used

B how egg sizes are determined

C why eggs are different sizes

D why there are only six egg sizes

A absorbed

B argumentative

C informed

The earliest museums were really cabinets of “curiosities.”

They contained various things assembled by people of

wealth The first of these museums opened to the public

in 1683 in Oxford, England It was called the Ashmolean

Museum Its collection included such curiosities as a stuffed

dodo bird and a set of medieval armor Visitors paid a fee

upon leaving the museum This fee was determined by the

duration of the visitor’s stay in the museum admiring the exhibits.

A a stuffed dodo bird

B fees visitors paid to first museum

C collections of wealthy people

D the first museum open to the public

A Some visitors didn’t stay long

B Everyone could afford to collect

C The visitor fees were very high

D Visitors tried on the armor

might have about the Ashmolean Museum

Most flowers are sweet-smelling In fact, perfumes are

made from many flowers But the rafflesia is such a

stinky flower that it makes people regret having a nose!

This strange flower grows in the forests of Southeast

Asia Not only is the rafflesia smelly, but one blossom

can be as large as a truck tire Because these flowers

are so unusual, many scientists and tourists travel to

see them However, scientists are worried that rafflesias

may be in danger of dying out The forests in which

they grow are being cut down

A other plants in Southeast Asian forests might be in danger

B the rafflesia is an important source of perfume

C scientists and tourists like the odor of the rafflesia

D the blossom of the rafflesia is very beautiful

Marjory Stoneman Douglas was the heroine of the

Everglades, a unique environment in Florida

Many animals make their home in this wetland region

Nevertheless, for years the Everglades were being drained off

for buildings and roads The water was polluted So Douglas wrote

a book, The Everglades: River of Grass In it she explained why the

Everglades were important and should be protected In 1969,

Douglas started an organization called Friends of the Everglades

The Friends kept an airport from being built there!

A annoyed by the work of Douglas

B uninterested in the fate of the Everglades

C impressed by the efforts of Douglas

A the work of Marjory Stoneman Douglas

B the animals in the Everglades

C how building polluted the Everglades

D a special environment in Florida

A feature of many modern houses is the Palladian

window This window, with its three panels and curved

top, takes its name from the architect Andrea Palladio

He lived in the sixteenth century in Italy That was an

excellent time for talented people Palladio studied the

architecture of the ancient Romans No one could build

like the Romans During his lifetime, Palladio designed

villas, churches, and other public buildings Visitors to

Italy can still see many of these buildings today

A A feature of many modern houses is the Palladian window

B No one could build like the Romans

C Visitors to Italy can still see many of these buildings today

A Remembering the Romans

B The Work of Andrea Palladio

C A Visit to Italy

D Sixteenth Century Architecture

A Palladio was successful in his time

B Other architects were at work in the sixteenth century

C The Romans designed handsome buildings

D Palladio’s work is forgotten today

In 1829, Daniel Webster started a page program in the United

States Senate The pages are young people who work for the

senators For example, pages run errands and deliver messages

Pages are chosen by the senators of their home states They

must be 16 years old, have good grades, and show leadership

qualities Pages live near the Capitol Building and attend

school They are exempted from homework when the senators

work overtime Pages get paid, but the biggest reward is the

experience of working in the Senate

Fact Inference

A Pages run errands for senators

B Pages are interested in government

C Pages go to school

D It is an honor to be a Senate page

A pages run errands and deliver messages

B pages must be 16 years of age

C the U S Senate page program

D pay for Senate pages

A is a good way to get out of doing homework

B benefits both senators and pages

C pays pages high salaries

D offers a lot of sports activities to pages

What is letterboxing? It’s a very cool hobby

that has grown in popularity in recent years

To get started you need a notebook, an ink

pad, a compass, and good walking shoes

Most people check a Web site to obtain clues

telling how to find letterboxes Each letterbox is a container holding a rubber stamp and a

notebook Letterboxes are hidden in public places such as parks or woods When seekers find

a letterbox, they add its stamp to their notebook Most letterbox fans also carry their own

stamps, which they stamp into the notebook in the letterbox This is called “stamping in.”

A everyone enjoys the hobby of letterboxing

B letterboxing is an ancient tradition

C people trespass a lot when letterboxing

D letterboxing is like an outdoor detective game

A Letterbox fans collect stamps

B Letterbox fans do a lot of walking

C The Internet is important in letterboxing

D Letterbox fans all have the same stamp

Then write a fact that the writer gives

Where do you build the world’s largest jet

airliner? First, you have to put up the world’s

largest building That’s just what happened in

Everett, Washington An airplane factory there

covers more than 98 acres under one roof More

than 75 NFL football fields could fit inside! More

than 15 railcars a day deliver parts to the factory

Workers use overhead cranes and forklifts to

assemble the large pieces Buyers from all over the

world purchase the finished airplanes

A looking for the largest jet airliner

B railcars deliver parts to the factory

C the largest building is a jet factory

D how to build airplanes indoors

A appalled

B awed

C relieved

A only one plane is assembled at one time

B cranes do most of the work in the factory

C workers arrive at the factory by train

D many parts are made in other places

Sailors have always needed lighthouses to warn them of

dangerous conditions The first tower that was built for

such a purpose was at the entrance to Port Alexandria,

a long-ago capital of ancient Egypt The tower, called

Pharos, was a mighty giant It was so impressive a

structure that it was known as one of the seven wonders

of the ancient world Fire beacons burning on the tower

helped ships navigate through the treacherous waters

approaching the city

A Burning Fire Beacons in the Night

B Helping Ships Navigate Tricky Waters

C Pharos, the First Lighthouse Tower

D A Look at Ancient Egypt

A Ships often wrecked approaching Alexandria

B Alexandria was a busy port city

C Pharos was known to sailors in the ancient world

D All the wonders of the ancient world were in Egypt

For hundreds of years, the Uro Indians of Peru have

used the totora plant for many things This plant, a

kind of reed, grows in water The Uro depend on it as

a source of food, building material, medicine, and fuel

The Indians use the totora to form islands in a lake

They then build their homes from the totora plant on

the islands These floating homelands require a lot of

upkeep, though As the totora plants rot in the water,

the Uro must constantly replenish them with fresh

reeds You must agree that the Uro have a hard life

A floating homelands in a lake

B how the Uro use the totora

C keeping up totora homes

D the Uro Indians of Peru

A the totora islands keep the Uro safe from other groups

B the Uro spend a lot of time fishing in the lake

C the totora reeds are very weak

D the Uro are looking for ways to waterproof totora plants

A This plant, a kind of reed, grows in water B You must agree that the Uro have a hard life C The Indians use the totora to form islands in a lake

The camera spoke for him In the 1920s and ’30s James Van DerZee

photographed the people and events in Harlem, a part of New York

City At that time, Harlem was home to talented black entertainers,

artists, poets, athletes, writers, and politicians People from all

over went to Harlem to enjoy its music, theaters, and nightspots

Van DerZee captured both the famous and the ordinary on film

Many years later, Van DerZee’s work was exhibited at an important

museum His photos welcomed people into the past!

A Events and People in Harlem

B A Harlem Museum

C The Work of James Van DerZee

D The Famous and Ordinary on Film

A angry

B detached

C pleased

A Harlem was a fascinating place in the 1920s and ’30s

B James Van DerZee was a gifted photographer

C James Van DerZee had a talking camera

D Van DerZee’s work recorded Harlem history

Fans love racehorses that win Curiously, a horse in Japan

became a favorite for losing The horse, named Haruurara,

ran more than 100 races—and lost them all Then a news story

featured this four-legged loser Suddenly, Haruurara had lots

of devoted fans The horse was a lucky charm The Japanese

thought if they lost with Haruurara, they wouldn’t lose other

things, such as their jobs or homes So backing a racing loser

became popular Some would say it was a no-win situation!

A amused by the unusual story

B angered by the horse’s losses

C shocked by the idea of lucky charms

A a favorite Japanese horse

B a horse that couldn’t run

C backing a racing loser in Japan

D losing 100 horse races

A Many Japanese are a bit superstitious

B Haruurara lost on purpose

C Haruurara was a good racehorse

D the Japanese don’t care about winning

Most surfers find their waves in the ocean, but in Brazil,

surfers find them in the Amazon River Each March and

April, when the river waters are highest, strong tides from

the Atlantic Ocean push into the Amazon basin These tides

create a giant swell that travels upstream for hundreds

of miles at speeds of 20 miles an hour Brazilians call this

endless wave a pororoca Surfing for miles up the river is

much more fun than a short ocean ride All surfers should

try this unique challenge

A Brazilians call this endless wave a pororoca

B All surfers should try this unique challenge

C Surfing for miles up the river is much more fun than

a short ocean ride

A Surfing the Amazon River

B From the Atlantic to the Amazon

C Tides of 20 Miles an Hour

Today, many hubcaps are made of plastic, but not so long

ago, they were made from stamped metal These earlier

hubcaps featured all kinds of designs They were

really special Wreaths, emblems, crests, spokes,

and geometric patterns were popular Some hubcap

designers became quite well known Today, these

hubcaps of the past are collectors’ items Some are exhibited in

hubcap museums; others are part of private collections A ranch displaying hubcaps

in California has even become recognized as a state historical landmark

because of its “twentieth century folk art environment.”

A everyone wants to collect old hubcaps

B today’s cars lack interesting hubcaps

C hubcap designers made a lot of money

D hubcaps often fall off car wheels

A hubcaps at a California ranch

B hubcaps of the past as collectors’ items

C private hubcap museums and collections

D well-known hubcap designers

A Some hubcap designers became quite well known B They were really special

C Today, these hubcaps of the past are collectors’ items

A Today’s hubcap designers are well known

B Stamped metal hubcaps are valuable to collectors

C Most early hubcaps are now in California

D Geometric hubcap designs are the most popular

People in ancient Egypt celebrated many different

kinds of festivals Some of these honored nature

For example, there were festivals when the Nile

River flooded, making the riverbanks fertile

for farming Other festivals were celebrated at

the beginning of spring and at harvest time At

the celebrations, families enjoyed foods such as

watermelon, grapes, and figs that were sold at stalls

People also listened to musicians and watched

entertainers such as acrobats

A the Nile was important to Egyptian farmers

B Egyptians ate watermelon at all festivals

C acrobats performed on the Nile’s shores

D nature was always good to the Egyptians

The explorer Marco Polo left his home in Italy in 1271

After many years of traveling, his party reached the

summer palace of Kublai Khan in what is now China Polo

remained at the court for 17 years He marveled at things

not yet seen in Europe For example, common people

bathed daily Roads and bridges were paved People used

paper money instead of gold and silver The kingdom

had a highly efficient communication system of runners

and horseback riders When Polo finally returned to

Europe, it took awhile before people believed the stories

he told or the book he wrote about his travels

A Europeans used gold and silver as currency

B Paper money was easier to carry than gold

C Most roads in Europe were unpaved

D Marco Polo was a prisoner of the Kublai Khan

Marco Polo when he returned?