Trànormation -Theory

 EXAMPLE Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it..  EXAMPLE Finish each of the following sentences in su

Trang 1

Transformation

Structure 1.

• She’s a better tennis player than I am

 I don’t play tennis as well as she does

• Britain isn’t as warm as Greece

 Greece is warmer than Britain

 EXAMPLE

Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it

• They don’t speak as fluently as we do

• No other city in Vietnam is so large as Ho Chi Minh city

 Ho Chi Minh city ………

Structure 2.

a)

•This song is simple enough for all of us to sing

 This song is so simple that all of us can sing it

 EXAMPLE

• He is rich enough to buy whatever he wants

• Richard is tall enough to change light bulbs in some rooms without

having to stand on a chair

b)

Trang 2

• The house was so expensive that my brother couldn't buy it.

 The house was too expensive for my brother to buy

 EXAMPLE

• The water was so cold that the children could not swim in it

• He was so tired that he couldn't stay awake until the end of the film

Structure 3.

• It’s wonderful to lie on the beach all day

 To lie on the beach all day is wonderful

EXAMPLE

• It’s difficult to understand what she’s talking about

 To understand………

• It is very relaxing to spend a day in the country

 To spend………

Structure 4.

Ex: • I advise you not to see her again

 You’d better not see her again

• You’d better think carefully before accepting the offer

 I advise you to think carefully before accepting the offer

 EXAMPLE

• I don’t think you should drink any more coffee

• You had better begin by introducing yourself

Trang 3

Structure 5.

• He’d rather watch TV than go out to the cinema

 He prefers watching TV to going out to the cinema

 EXAMPLE

• Alice would rather drink Coca-Cola than orange juice

• Jane would prefer to go to class tomorrow than today

Structure 6.

• He started working here three years ago

 He has worked here for three years

 EXAMPLE

• She last saw him when she was ten

• The last time Jack went swimming was five years ago

Structure 7.

• I can't see the play because it is sold out

 If the play were not sold out, I could see it

Trang 4

• We didn't go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money

 If we had had enough money we would have gone on holiday

 EXAMPLE

• My brother didn't buy that car because he didn't have enough money

• He smokes too much; perhaps that's why he can't get rid of his cough

 If he didn’t smoke………

Structure 8.

• She said, "The school opened a year ago."

 She said the school had opened a year ago

• 'You must wear a tie,' the teacher said

 The teacher told him he had to wear a tie

Notes:

• Changes in tenses

Direct speech Indirect speech

Simple Present

Present Progressive

Simple Past

Present Perfect

**

Past Progressive

Simple Future (will + v)

Future Perfect (will have + v)

Present Conditional (would + v)

Simple Past Past Progressive Past Perfect Past Perfect **

Past Perfect Progressive Present Conditional (would + v) Perfect Conditional (would have +v) Perfect Conditional (would have + v)

•Changes in time and place

Direct speech Indirect speech

today

tonight

yesterday

the day before yesterday

tomorrow

the day after tomorrow

last week / year, etc

next week/year, etc

a year ago

these

come here

that day that night the day before / earlier two days before

the next / following day

in two days’ time the previous week/year, etc the following week/year, etc the previous year/ a year before those

go there

Trang 5

• The teacher said to us: “Did you understand my instructions?”  The teacher asked us if (whether) we had understood his instructions

Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as

• Tom said, “Can you remember where you put the dictionary, Mary? ”

• My brother said to her, "Did you see George at the football match?"

b)

• I said to her: “What do you mean?”

 I asked her what she meant

 EXAMPLE

• ‘Where did you buy your shoes, Sally?’ asked Gail

• I said to my brother, "How much did you pay for these over ripe tomatoes?"

c)

• He said to me: “Don’t believe everything she says”

 He told me not to believe everything she said

 EXAMPLE

• He said to the servant, “Please bring me some hot water"

Trang 6

 He requested………

• The teacher said to his student, "Don't be late tomorrow."

Structure 9

• You will be late for dinner if you don’t hurry

 You will be late for dinner unless you hurry

 EXAMPLE

• If you keep adding salt, you’ll spoil the dinner

• If it doesn’t rain soon, a lot of our crops will be lost

Unless it rains ………

Structure 10.

• My wife can't speak French

 I wish my wife could speak French

• What a pity you failed your driving test

 I wish you hadn't failed your driving test

 EXAMPLE

• John never comes home before twelve o’clock

• He won’t give up smoking

Structure 11.

Present Simple: IS/ARE + PAST PARTICIPLE

Past Simple: WAS/ WERE + PAST PARTICIPLE

Present perfect: HAS BEEN /HAVE BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE

Trang 7

• Another doctor examined him yesterday.

 He was examined by another doctor yesterday

 EXAMPLE

• The police arrested two hundred people

• The secretary has just finished the report

Present continuous: IS/ARE + BEING + PAST PARTICIPLE

Past continuous: WAS/WERE + BEING PAST PARTICIPLE

• Someone is interviewing Dr Johnson at the moment

 Dr Johnson is being interviewed at the moment

 EXAMPLE

• They were painting the outside of the ship when the accident happened

• Our teacher is going to punish that student

Structure 12.

· I’ll have my sister wash the car.

@ I'll have the car washed

· George got a friend type all of his papers

@ George got all of his papers typed

Ø EXAMPLE

· I’m going to have the barber cut my hair tomorrow

@ I’m going to………

Trang 8

· We’ll probably have someone paint our house next month.

@We’ll………

Structure 13.

• Though he was inexperienced, he got a good salary

 Despite his inexperience, he got a good salary

• Although he was not guilty, they executed him

 In spite of his innocence, they executed him

 EXAMPLE

• Although his leg was broken, he managed to get out of his car

• Although the weather changed, the picnic went ahead as planned

Structure 14.

· Because she behaves well, everybody loves her

@ Because of her good behaviour, everybody loves her

Ø EXAMPLE

· As he has behaved badly, he must be punished

@ Due to his………

· Since I can’t read Italian, I've had to have the book translated into

English

@ Because of………

Structure 15

· We wrote the letter in 2 hours.

@ It took us two hours to write the letter

Ø EXAMPLE

Trang 9

· The flight to Hanoi lasts an hour and a half

@ It takes………

· When Mary wanted a new car, she had to save up for a year

@ It took.………

Structure 16.

• Mary couldn’t speak until she was five

 It was not until Mary was five that she could speak

 EXAMPLE

• I didn't know how to use a computer until I was ten

• The noise did not stop until after midnight

Structure 17.

• I haven’t seen her for three weeks

 It’s three weeks since I last saw her

 EXAMPLE

• We have known each other for 6 months

• John hasn't had his car repaired for over six months

• Did they all enjoy the party last night?

Do you know whether they all enjoyed the party last night?

 EXAMPLE

• Do you agree with the comments I made about public transport?

• Must we be here by six or can we come a little later?

Trang 10

We’d………

b) WH-Questions

• Where can I get something to drink?

Do you know where I could get something to drink?

 EXAMPLE

• What time are you coming to the party?

• Which of the routes to London do they prefer?

Structure 19.

• As it is hotter, I feel more miserable

 The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel

 EXAMPLE

• As T.V programmes become more popular, they seem to get worse

• That worker works better when he does not have enough time

Structure 20.

• "Why don't you buy them this picture as a wedding present, Sarah?"

said Robin

 Robin suggested that Sarah (should) buy them the picture as a wedding present

 EXAMPLE

• "Why don't you apply for the job, Ann?" said Sue

• “Why don't you put an advertisement in the local paper?" they said to

me

Trang 11

Structure 21.

• When I was a child, my father always read me a story at night before bedtime

 When I was a child my father used to read me a story at night before bedtime

 EXAMPLE

• I often did the gardening, but I don’t have time for it now

• My Aunt Susan always gave me a big kiss and pinch my cheek

when she came to my house

Structure 22.

• John is accustomed to swimming every day

John is used to swimming every day

 EXAMPLE

• The man is accustomed to reading his newspaper in the morning

• John quickly became accustomed to the local food

Structure 23.

• He does not have a pen, and he does not have paper

 He has neither a pen nor paper

 EXAMPLE

Trang 12

• John is not going to the beach today and his friends are not going to

the beach today

• You can have tea, or you can have coffee

Structure 24.

• Both oil and coal are irreplaceable natural resources

 Not only oil but also coal is an irreplaceable resource

 EXAMPLE

• Both the library and the bookstore don’t have the book I need

Neither the library… ………

• He writes not only correctly but also neatly

Structure 25.

• He has now recovered from his injury and can drive again

 He has now recovered from his injury and is able to drive again

• She couldn't skate because of her foot problem

 She wasn't able to skate because of her foot problem

• After six months, Jenny could play the violin quite well

 After six months, Jenny was able to play the violin quite well

 EXAMPLE

• The man could draw on the support of over 20,000 troops

• Until you can repay some of your present debt, we cannot lend you

any more money

Trang 13

Structure 26.

• Could we use our dictionaries?

 Do you mind if I use our dictionaries?

• Can he come to class with me next week?

 Do you mind if he comes to class with me next week?

• May I register for the examination tomorrow?

 Do you mind if I register for the examination tomorrow?

 EXAMPLE

• Can I clean up the mess in the kitchen tomorrow?

• May I copy your notes from class yesterday?

Structure 27.

• Could you answer my phone for me, Terry?

 Would you mind answering my phone for me, Terry?

 Would you please answer my phone for me, Terry?

• Will you mail this letter for me?

 Would you mind mailing this letter for me?

 Would you please mail this letter for me?

• Would you drive me to the doctor after work today?

 Would you mind driving me to the doctor after work today?

 Would you please drive me to the doctor after work today?

• Can you pick up some groceries?

 Would you mind picking up some groceries?

 Would you please pick up some groceries?

 EXAMPLE

Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.

• Can you deliver one copy for me when you're finished?

• Would you explain these instructions for the fax machine?

Tiêu đề	Transformation
Trường học	Standard University
Chuyên ngành	English Language
Thể loại	Bài tập
Năm xuất bản	2023
Thành phố	Hanoi

Định dạng
Số trang	14
Dung lượng	151,5 KB