Test it fix it english verbs tenses intermediate

• You also use the present simple to talk about things that are permanent or always true, and in zero conditional sentences.. E Use the present perfect not the past simple or the present

()XFORD

1'Nl \'ll~ ""Il"Y Pl(l-.SS

(";"':1 1 Clarendon Street, Oxfor d OX 2 6DP

Oxf ord Un iv e rsity Press is a department o the U niv ersit y of Ox ford

It IIIthers the University's objective of excellence in research,

I:h' dnrs h ip nd education by p ub lis hing w or ldwide in

Ox for d N ew York

/\ ll4'kl:lnd Bangkok Buenos Ai res Cape To w n Chennai

Dill us Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Ist a nb u l Karachi Kolkat8

Ku nl a l.umpur Madrid M elbo u rn e M ex ico City Mu m bai Nairobi

SI" I Paul o Shanqhai Taipei Tokyo Toronto

Ch l ll ,, 0I 1ll i Ox for d Enqlish are re(listered trade marks of

I )xl ",,1 Uuiver sity Press in the UK and in certain other countries

«n K'mll" Bourko 2

110"11l111al II II1 S o th e author have been asserte

I l n l nill " ; riUlot Oxford University Press (maker)

I II ~ t pnill fslwd

I lwei 1I11pre%IUn 2

N o un aut h ori zed photoco py ing

/\11 I illlol ~; reserv ed No part o f this publ ication may be reproduced,

tllilld in ,retrieval s y ste m, or transmitted, in any form or by any

IIIUOIIS without the prior permis sion in wr itin ~l of Ox ford University

Plll ~ H, ()I 11S expressly permitted by law, or under te rm s agreed

wl lil tllH appr opr iate reprog raphics rig ht s orqanlzation Enquiries

C ll nci ll fl ino rup roduction outs ide the scope of the above shou ld

hu IIUli t to the ELT Rig hts Depa rt m ent, Oxford Univer sity Press

II tlll i f ld clru s s above

Von must not Circu la te th is book in any other binding or cov

'1I 1l1vou IIIl1s l impose this same condition on any acqu i re

/\lIy wuhsi tus referred to in th is pu b li c atio n are in the public doma in

I/Id Ihu il nclelrusses are provided by Oxford University Press f

Iu tuunntion only Oxford Un iv e rsit y Pre

rlJ lIllllllllilJlli ty for the conten

Used to, would, be used to get used to 1

Present perfect s imple o present perfect continuous?

Since, for and ago

P ast tens es

T he fu t u re

Reported s peec h ( 1) Reported speech (2)

T he p assiv e (1)

Have/Get something done

R elat ive c lauses Modal verbs Modals i n the past Verb patterns Act ion and state verbs Confus in g ve rbs Phrasa l verbs

State and action verbs Table of verb forms List of irregular vorb

T est it, Fix it is a series o books desig ned to help you id ent ify any problems

yo u may have in English, and to fx the problems Each Test it, Fix it book

h s twenty tests which concent ra te on mistakes commonly made by learners

fest it, Fix it has an un usual format You start at the first page of each u i,

theng to the third page,then to the second page.Here'show it works:

o Check your answers

You can fold the page to

make it easier to check

Wrong answer7 Look for the

Fi x it n ote letter you need

o To understand why you made

Test it (First p gel

o First do Test it, exercise 1

e Then do Test it, exercise 2

e Go to the Fix it page and check your answers before yo u do Test it again

I Il QUl l' li, 'il~ ; I- j " I , ' ~ "'" V

a mistake, read the

If you need more i

rond the Review

o Now go back to the socond page and do Test it again

Test it again (Seco nd pagel

.

• <

Fix it (Third pagel

CD Check your answers

O R~ "' J "'"

, , "' , r>o ~~_ "" • , ~ - _,''',,,,, , :::-

'

~

" u •• , _ ·.,

""l, ·_ _ " H -

- _ '

~- _ -, "' -­

., _, "' - , ,""'

oDo Test it again, exercise 2

o Go to the Fix it page and check your answers

_ 1 I I" ~JA •, ~ , 11' 1< ,"(l r lI" '• ~" ·1 •• • · ,.,, '"" , r ~ lI\ , (.,,~ m • •

o /><>,-,e l'£ co w '1<:1 eus' ,1> cen;:;" ' '- Nt ~

e ,g, I"-' '''/'', be'1'c-.'~ ~!.:- , A,'1C11\" "«t' ' ~"~ p ·1." Ic," INf re' < ! In ::t.,,· u

Ik" ,·"·R , r· - "••I ); Il}o ",,,,,,~ · t'!-' rv , ,,,,, ~ !lr - ''''' 1 1'l ' >

Review (Fourth pagel

fD You can read this page at any

time It gives you extended Fix it notes and example sentences It's designed to give you a summary

of the grammar you need fo r the

w hole test

Present tenses

o Complete the dialogue bet w ee n two friends at a party Use the present simple

and continuous forms of the verbs in brac kets

o Whic h description (1-5) fits each sentence (a-j)?

1 A routine or hab

3 An official sche dule d or ti metabled event I've even spo ke n to yo u since Richard's w eddin g last month

4 A future personal arrangement

How b " you "" "" " (get on )

5 Something permanent or alw ays

Lisa: OK, thanks What about yo u? c " yo u st

a Dav id goes fo r a run every day

b I'm meeting George and Phil at the jazz concert (go out) wih J

c Look! The dog's digging a hole in your garden agai Jackie: No, I'm not He d " " (go out) w ith Carol now

d She co m es from Barcelona

Lisa: Ie " " (not / believe)it! Carolfro m the toyshop?

e She's playing tennis wit h Jo h n later

f The train leaves at 20 Jackie: Oh, no Thi s is a different Caro l Sh e f '" (co m e)

9 We' re going out t eig ht thirty to nig ht fro m Brazil She's unbelievabl y pretty and very nice Lo o k! She

h If you put oil in water, it floats

9 " "." (st and) over there next to Ju li an

The film starts at seven exact ly so don't be late

Ice melts in hot wea Lisa: The one w ho h "" " (laugh)?

Jackie: Yes, that's the one An yw ay, l ' (g et) used to the

e Write the correct form of the verbs in brackets Use the present simple or

id ea now I can't love Jonathan if he i (not! lov e) continuo us

me, and afte r all there are plenty of ot her nice men about

II If I say I love yo u, I (m ea n) it

b Please be quiet You (make) so much noise I can't concentrate e Choose the correct quotation in each pa ir

c Sam (pl ay) a lot of footb all thes e days He wan t s to get fit

d The rehearsal (f inish ) at four so I'll be back at hal f past a A I'm loving deadlines I like the whooshing sound they make as they fly by

f They (speak) Spanish and Catalan in Barcelo na Doug las Adams

9 What lang uag e (she / speak)? I can't understand what she's say ing! b A I am nev er fo rg etting a face, but in your case I'll be glad 10 make an

h Sid's really clever He (u nd erst and) quantu m phys ics exceptio n

The sun (set) in the west B Ineverforge t aface, butin your case I'll be glad to makean exception

c A It's not that I'm afraid to die, I'm just not wanting to be there when it happens

B It's notthat I'm afraid to die, justdon't want to be there when it happe ns

Wood y Allen

d A Coffee inEng land alw ays tastes likeache mi st ry'exper irne t

Coffee in EIlU1iJil d is alwa ys tastinq likeache m istry ex perim e nt

A Uiltl1 " C t uin t u:

~

f2) [mlD

Answers to Test it

Check your answers Wrong answer?

thing s that are permanent or always true, and in zero conditional sentences

C

Use the present simple to talk about official scheduled or timetabled events, e.g train timetables

D Use the present continuous to talk about th ings that are happening at th e moment of speaking, or in the process

of changing or developing

E

Use the present continuous to talk about things that are temporary

F Use the present co nt inuou s to talk

about personal future arrangements, especially when yo u give the time and/or place

G Usually use the present simple (not the present continuous) with certain verbs, e.g agree, believe, hate, know, like ,

lo ve, prefer, understand, etc

For more inf o rm atio , Review page opposite

Present tenses

Present tenses Present simple

• You use the present sim ple to talk about people's rou tines and habits

David goes for a run every morning We always spend the summer in Greece

• You also use the present simple to talk about things that are permanent or always true, and in zero conditional sentences

The office opens at eight every morning Water boils at 100°C

If I say I love you ,

• Yo u use the present simple to talk about official scheduled or timetabled events, e.g train timetables, television listings, etc

This train arrives in Newcastle at 08.28 The film starts at seven

• You usually use the present simple (not the present continuous) with certain

verbs , e.g agree, believe, feel, hate , hear, know , like, love , prefer, see , smell ,

taste, understand, etc

She doesn't understand the question

I don 't believe in l ife after death

NOT l!.m-not believina in fHe after death

• You use the present continuous to talk about things that are temporary

Jane's drinking lots of fruit juice She 's on a diet at the moment

• You use the present continuous to talk about personal future arrangements, especially when yo u give the time and/or place

We're meeting Tony and Rupert outside the post office

I' m playing squash with John this evening

i

' '1 '" /

V

Do you use to play any sports

wh en yo u were at school?

Did you used to wat ch a lot of TV?

music but I love it now

he'd be famous one day

e

Do u ' r worry ahout rhe noise

I nserl to iT :

6 Choose the best opti o n

~

Used to , would , be used to get used t o

o Choose the correct option, A or B

9 We " eat fish but now we have it two orthree timesa week

6 Choo se the best caption for the cartoon

C@]

subj ect + used to + base form o the verb

B

Form the negat iv e of used to w ith

subject + didn't use to + base fo rm You

never us ed to + base form of the verb

C Form the interrogati ve o u s ed t o

did + subject + u se to + base fo rm othe verb

Use us ed t o for things tha t h

in the past but don't happen now

Don ' t use the infi ni tive or an -ing form

Use would for past repea ted acti

or habits Don't use would w ith

verbs

G

Use b e used t o + no un or -i ng form

to say that some o ne or somet hing is familiar to you

H Use ge t used to + noun or ·ing form

becoming familia r to you

Used to, would, be used to, get used to

• You form the affirmative o used to with subject + used to + base fo rm of the

verb Don 't use the infinit ive or an -ing form

We used to live in Brussels NOT We tJsed-te -to -Jive -in -Brussels ;

\I'/e use<.f-te -Iiving-in -Bru ssels ;

• You form the negative with subject + didn't use to + base form of the verb You

can also use subject + used not to or n ever used to + base verb Don't use

usetin't to

I didn 't use to like coffee OR I used not to likell never used to like coffee

NOT I u sedn 't to l ike-ee f{etr

• You form the interrogative with did + sub ject + use to + base form of the verb Did you use to have long hair?

• You use used to for th ings that happened in the past but don't happen now

I used to smoke Pete used to pl ay the piano

(But I don't now.) (But he doesn't any rno re.)

Would

• You use would + base form of the verb Don't use the inf init iv e or an ·ing form

The children would colJeet stones and shells on the beach every summer

NOT ::r-he-eltiltJren would to coHee t The e h ild r-en wet:tkJ-eel/ee t-ing:-:-:

• You use would for past repeat ed actions or habits Do n't use would wit h state verbs Use the past simple or used to instead

I would often go to see my oid history teacher

NOT ! would have Jana ha ir 'lie would kFJeW-eaeh-other -well ; ~ -;

• You use be used to to say that someone or something is familiar to you You can use be used to in the present and the past Use a nou n or an - inq form after

be used to

I'm used to getting up early in the morn ing (I do it often.)

I was used to working long hours in my last job (I often worked long ho urs.)

• You use g et u sed to 10 say that some o ne or so rnot hinq is bocoming familiar

yo u You cnn lI ~ e 1 Jo t I /S Orl to with nil tenses Use a no un or an - ina form

Present perfect or past simple?

o Find a d correct the mist ake in each speech bubble

a Didn't you do your homework yet?

b Pe te's been to the shops

He'll be back soon

No one's seen Lucky

since three weeks

Oh nol I've just smashed a glass

b l'v e already written fiftee n emails

c Did you go to Teot ihuacan while

d I worked here last year

Sam's gone out

I ru d five reports at wo rk today

_ l'vo worked here since 1999

h I sm ashed a glass I didn't mean to

I Have vou eve r been 10Teot ihuacan?

h A plane just crashed over the

Alps More details rouow later

Wh n I was a chid, I hav e ridden my bike to scho ol

9 I' m asking about your holiday

10 Now I work som ew her e else

o Choose the best option

a Ji m's never seen/ neve r saw this film I' m sure he' ll like it

b Wowl Did you alreadydo/Have youalread y done the hous

c They didn't geUhav en't go ma rr ied in the end

d I haven't been on ho liday for/s ince

e Frances has been/gon e to Jam aica She'll be back n xt month

f I live/l've lived here fo r eight yea

9 The rabbit dug/has dug a hole in our garden l

h A tornado has hit/hit north-west Amer ica and severa l people wer e kille

Hey loo k! Concorde's just landed/just lande d

Ever since IwasachildIwanted/I'v ewanted to goto Zanzib ar

1 A recent action in the past wit h an effect in the presen

2 A fini shed action in th

3 An action which started in the past and is still going o

4 A past act ion a an ind ef inite time i

a I' ve nev er been to Tibet

b Stan has had that car for years

c We too k the dog to the vet's yesterday

d I've finished my homework a last

e Pete's just fin ished paint ing the kitchen

f We had oysters an d champagne last night

9 They ' ve known each other since they were kids

h Rick's been to Malaysia several tim es

Did n't you see David last week? Mireia's just had a baby girl

F ix it notes

A

Use the past simple fo r completed

actions in the past

B

Use the presen t perfect (not the past

simple) when it isn't important when

something happened

C

There is a differ ence between the

participles be en and g one

D

Use the present perfect (not the past

simple) to talk abo ut recent past events

E

Use the present perfect (not the past

simple or the present simp le) to talk

about an action that beg an in the past

but is still go ing on now

F

perfect to say h w long an action has

been going on

For more info rm at ion, see t

Review page oppos

Presen t per fec t or past s i mp le?

Present perfect or past simple?

The difference between the past sim p le and the present perfect causes problems for many people This is perhaps partly because there are several ways of using the presentperfect Here are some guidelines to help youdecide which tense to use

Past simple

• You use the past simple for completed actions in the past, ft n with an expression of time, e.g yesterday , last week, in 2001, a few years ago, etc

Present perfect

• You use the present perfect (not the past simple) when it isn't im po rt ant when something happened Often you're talking about general experiences

• Be care ful! There is a difference between the participles been and gone

(She went to Zanzibar and now she's ~ack.) (She's in Zanzibar now.)

• You use the present perfect (not the past simple) to talk about recent ast

events, often with just , already and yet

Note: In American English, it's possible to use either the presenperfect or the past simple with the adve rb s j ust , already and yet Bot

• You use the present perfect (not the past simpleor the presentsimple)to talk about an action that began in the past but is still going on now

Note: You use for to say how lo ng an action has been going.on and s ince to say when the action started

Present perfect simple or present

perfect continuous?

o Choose the best captions tor the cartoons

a He's been working all

He's worked all n

b I' ve always been knowing the dog was strange

I've always kno w n the dog was strange

>

I

o,~

e Cho ose the best option

8 At lastl I've solv ed/ been so lv ing the prob

b Jack has been trying/tried to get his book published

no one has said 'Yes'

c So, what have you done/been doing recently? Anything inter est ing ?

d My friend has been buying/bought a new car It looks great

e I've nev er believed/been believing in ghosts or witches or fairies

t Fantastic news! They've been agreeing/agreed to buy the house!

9 You lo ok well Have you been taking/taken more exercise recently?

h The children aretired because they've played/been playing allday

Have you swum/been swimming? Yo r hair l

Oh, there you are! I've looked/been lo oking for you everywhere

(w r it e)

(put) new stock on the shelves since I got {not I be} a quiet period at all The {ring} every two minutes, so (answer) that and I f (try)

to answer all the emails that the customer services depart m ent

Present perfe c t s im p l e or presen t perfect continuo us?

forms are possible, write both

o Find the correct sentence in each pair

a You're wet! What have you been doing?

b You' re wet! Wh at have yo u don e?

c I've never understo od maths

d I've never been understanding maths

e He's tired because he's run

He's tired because he's been runn ing

9 I've been wa lking ten kilometres!

h I've walked ten kilometres!

Sorry I'm late How lo ng have you waited?

Sorry I'm lat e How long have you been wa iting?

~

Answers to Test it

Check your answers Wrong answer?

Read the right Fix it note to find out why

( I) a He's been working all

b I've always known the

dog was strange

: f ~ 9~g o to page ~9 irest yourself again

Answers to Test it again

B

the result of a completed activity is

im po rt ant

C

Use the present perfect simple (not the

present perfectco nt inuo us)with verbs that are not usual ly used in the continuous form, g agree , believe , know, etc

Review page opposite

Present perfect simple or present perfect continuous?

Present perfect simple Pr esent perfect continuous

fig ur es She's run the Lo nd o n marathon twice She's been running - she looks tired! Have they revised for tomorrow's exam? Have they been revising or not?

It can be difficult to know whether the simple or continuous form is the correct one when you 're using the present perfect Sometimes there isn't much difference and it won't matter which you choose However, there are two things you can consider when you're deciding between the two

• You use the present perfect continuous when the activity that you're talking about is im po rt ant , The activity may have finished recently or it may still be going on

He ' s been running for two hours already

(And he's still running now.)

They've been painting the ceiling

(That explains why they have paint on their clothes.)

• You use the present perfect simple when you feel that the result of a completed activity is important

He's r un the marathon

(This is an impo rt ant achievement.)

They 've painted the ceiling

(The resu lt is important It loo ks better now.) Note: Quite often it doesn't matter whether you use the si mple form or the continuous The meaning is the same or very similar

Jim's worked all night I've had a bad drea m Jim 's been work ing all night

However, use the present perfect simple (not the present perfect continuous) with verbs that are not usually used in the continuous form, g agree , elieve, know, etc I've known Pete for a long time NOT J!-ve-eeen-know;ng'Pete-ffi-r 8 fona time

Since, for and ago

o Find the incorrect sentences

II This is the first time 1 ate crab f He'S been wor king here

since three months

c Harry and Sally have kno wn

each other since two weeks h Pete and Ka t)' met at the school

reuni on Theyhad n 't spoken to

each other since 1990

d I've been to Egypt nearly

twenty years ago

We'v e been in love with each other for years and yea rs

e It's two years since

my rabbit has died

Ten years ago, an old woman lived here with her three cats

It Mike's had that old car eight years

b I last spoke to Tim tw o weeks

c 'How long hav e you been waiting?' half-past tw o '

d I'v e felt much better I sta rte d go ing for wa lks

That film was mad e ov e r twenty yea rs

f This is the first time I've seen you the wedding

lJ Nick has been working ho urs He must be ti red

h Have you put on weight yo u stopped smoking?

No one's seen Simon th ree weeks

I won to the Sinai many years , w hen I was sti ll a

stude t

CEQ]

Test it again

oAnswer the questions Use for or since and the words in brackets

II How lo ng have you been seeing Jason? (two mo t hs)

b How lo ng have you owned your flat? (1999)

c How lo ng have th ey been here? (a couple of days)

d How long has John been working there? (t w o years)

e How long have they been on holi d ay ? (last Saturday)

f How long has the shop been open? (n ine o'clock)

9 How long hav e youbeen waiting? (anhour)

h How long have you been studying English? (last autumn) How long has he had his dog? (September)

How long hav e you known Tony? (Ch rist m as)

f) Write the correct form of the verbs in brackets More than one tense

may be possible

a This is the second tim e I (be) here

b Many years ag o,I (see) the Taj Mahal I'venev er forgottenit

c It was at least two years since we (speak) to each other

d (you/ st ud y ) Engl ish for a long time?

e Shakespeare (die) a very longtim e ago

f (you / write) any more poems since I last saw you?

9 It (rain) since Satu rday morning and I'm fed up w ith it

h Tom and Louise (ma rry) for ten years

I have) aterr i bl e headache for threedays and then it went

I (have ) a headach e since I wo ke u

c:EQ]

~ Iii Xl it

Answers to Test it

Check your answers Wrong answer?

Read the right Fix it note to find out why

I N O:w.: ; ~ ~ { !O Rage 23.Test yourself again

Answers to Test it again

h hnv o boon mnrri od woro rnnrr lort

Fix it notes

A Use sin ce to say when something

start ed It can be a date, a time or an event

B

went on or has been going o

C Use the past perfect in a ma in clause

w ith since if the action is fin ished

D

Use the past simple in a clause after

sin ce if the action is finished

E Use the present perfect or present

perfect co nti nuou s with for if the action has a res ult in the present and you're

talking about a length of time

F

Use ago after a tim e refe rence with the past si mple Don't use th e present perfect

G

first/second/third time

Review page opposit e

• You use the present perfect in a ma in clause with since if the action has a result

She's been on a diet since last Wednesday

• You use the past perfect in a main clause with since if the action is fin ished

• You use the past simple in a clause after since if the action is fin ished

For

You use for to say how lo ng something

David was at university for four years

• You use the present perfect simple or continuo us with for if the action has a result in the present and you're talking about a length of time

(He's still at university now.)

I've been reading this report for hours

(I'm still reading it.) You use the past simple with for if the action is fin

(He's left university now.)

Ago

• You lise ago after a time period with the past simple

Luke and I me t two weeks ag o I lived in Brusse ls ten years ago

Thi s is th e first tim

Past tenses

Test it ~

II He's gone/He'd gone/He was go in g shopping He'll be back soon

b We were late and the match started/had

c Teresa has never seeh/never saw/w as never seeing this film

d T

e Did you do/Have you done/Wereyou doing the washing-upye

f He's wet because he swam/he's been swimming/he'd swu

9 I crashed/ l'dcrashed/I'vecrashed yourcar last night.I'm really sorry

h Had you met/Have you met/Did you meet Jim Ward yes

I'm/I was/I've been in Rome

The dogs were barki ng and the kids had laughed/were laughing/have

as I wal ked into the room

6 Write the correct past tense form of the verbs in brackets

II Charlie (drive) when the accident happe

b What on eart h (you! do)?You're covered in m

c Marta (not / rid e) a camel before and she was terrified

d (you! ever / see) the Taj Mahal? I hear it's incred ibly bea

How long (you / l

Our hamster (die) last

Sh

h I (just! speak) to Jan She tol d me the news

I Tho jury (not! agree) with the jud ge's decision

J I (road) a book when she called m

Te st i t a gain ~

o Find the correct sentence in each pair

a A I'm ti red because I've trained for the marathon since six o'clock

B I' m tired because I' ve been tra ining for the marat ho n since six o'clock

b A I'm sorry Jill's n t her e She's bee n out

B I' m sorry Ji ll' s not here She's gone out

c A Sid ney never met his father He died just before he was born

B Sidn ey has nev er met his fath er He died just before he was born

d A Finally we found the shop but it had already closed

B Finally we fo un d the shop but it already closed

e A It was a hot summer's day and the birds sang

B It was a hot su mmer's day and the birds were singing

f A Did you pay the gas bill last mo nt h?

B Have yo u paid the gas bill last month?

9 A I was play ing the piano till I was twenty, then I ave it up

B I played the piano till I was twenty, then I gave it up

h A Tara did n' t believe a word Henry said

B Tara wasn't bel iev ing a word Henry said

A I was sure I'd met Ja mes before

B I was sure I met Ja mes before

6 Choose the best caption for the cartoon

.~~~

I o n't know w ho they belong to They had followed me around all day!

I don't know w ho they belong to They've been foll ow ing me around all day!

I don't know who they belong to They followed me aro und all day!

~

VJ ~ID

Answers to Test it

~ I don't know who they belong to

They 've been foll owi ng me around

C

experiences, especially when it isn't

D

E

but is still going on now

F

G

simple) when one past action happened

For more in formation, see th

We met in June 1998 He didn't go to school yesterday

What were they doing last night? The sun was shining and a band was playing

As I was driving along, a cat ran into the road

Present perfect simple and continuous

I've been t o some wonderful places Have you ever used this software?

No t e : There's a difference in meani ng between the participles been and gone

Yolchi has been to the States Yoichi has gone to the States

The plane has just landed at Heathrow Hasn 't she finished that painting yet?

We've lived in Singapore for a month (We still live here.)

I've been writing emails all day

By t he time we arrived, the plane had take n off

Noto: YOII uuu al lv thll ·illlllill Iorm 111 01 Ilw rrmtlnunun fo rml with cnrtnin

The future

o Find and correct the mistake in each speec h bubbl e

a If it'll rain on Saturday, e Pete thinks his team is winning

we'll stay at home the match tomorrow,

because she'll babysit fo r ( SI1 ~' 1 have a bab Y

9 My puppy is going to chew 1'11 1 slo p p i ng e till g all

c-:

d The plane takes off at

from Pisa and is landing at h I'll go sho pp ing

Heathrow at 18.05 Do you want to c

6 Writ e the correct form of the verbs in brackets

b Wh en (you J be) back home? Do you have any i

d I (buy) my girlfriend a present It's her birthday on Tuesday

o That child never takes any exercise

f The bank h

lJ The class (start) at nine and finishes at e

h I (visit) my Spanish friends soon I've

If you don't stop that ,

I (help) you I'm good with computers

a!l

Test it again

o Choose the best option

a Ithink I'mtaking/I' ll take Fred to the doctor.He's got a temperature

b Watch out! That ladder will/is going to fall on you

c Don't lend Beatrice your toys She' ll break/she's

d Patrick's going to/will read law at

e We'll golWe're going out for a drink tonight Do you fancy coming

f If you don't study, you're failing/you'll

9 David's starting/going to start cycling to work He wants to get fi

h This time next week, ,'II be/l'rn

The ten o'clock news starts/will start in a m Lucy and Jim will get married/are getting married on Saturday

e Find the correct sentence in each pair

a A You look tired I'

B You look tired I'll wash up

c A I can't come next weekend

B I can't come next weekend "II

d A Banks will win the election I

B Banks is winning the election I'm sure of

B Please go to Gate 19 The plane takes off at 14.20

9 Choose the best caption for the cartoon

~ F: ix it

Answers to Test it

Check your answers Wrong answer?

Read the right Fix it note to find out why

( 1) a !ilf am rains -+ H

b !.H-babystt 's babysitting -+ C

c stoppiflg going to stop -+ A

: N()w,Jg21R,page 31 iTest yourself again

Answers to Test it again

Use going to to talk abo ut general plans

you've already made for the future

B

Use go ing to to make a prediction about the futu re based on something you know or can see now

C Use the prese nt con tin uo us to talk

abo u fixed plans and arrangements

yo 'v e made fo r the future, especially

when you mention a tim e or place

o

Use the present simple to talk about

tim et abled or scheduled events

E

Use will to make a decisi on at the

moment yo u speak

F

Use will ( 'II ) and won 't to say what you

thi nk or guess will happen in the future

G

Use will { 'II} and won 't to talk about

futu re fact s, or to ask questions about

th e future

H

Use will to talk about future possibilities

in first conditional sentences Use the presen tense in the if clause and will or won 't in the ot her clause

• You use the present simp le to talk abo ut official xed timetables and scheduled

events, e.g train timetables, TV programmes, cinema schedules, etc You use the present con tinuo us to talk about personal plans and arrangements yo u've made fo r the future Often you mention the time or place

Spiderman starts at 77 70 When does the coa ch I'm meeting my brother at ten (That's what we arranged

G o i ng to a nd will

• You use going to to talk about general plans you've a eady made for the

fut ure You also use going to to make log ical predictions abou the future based

on things you know or can see now

We're going to watch the match She 's pregnant She 's going to have a baby

• Youcan also ask quest ionswith going to when you think that the person you're talking to probably know s the answer

What are you going to say to Sheila? (I expect yo u've thought abo ut i )

Note: Sometimes it doesn't matter whet her you use the present contin uous

to The meaning is the same If you're in doubt, use going t I' m going to travel by co ach to Lo ndon I'm tra velling by coach to London

• You use w ill ('/I} to make a decision at the momentyou speak.Ott en you're

offering to do something fo r someone

I'll come with you I'll get you a cup of coffee Pete w ill help you

• Yo u use w ill (' II) and won't to say what you think orto makea guess about the

fut ure You can also use will ('II) and woorto talk about future facts

You won 't be at school next week You 'll be on holiday I'If be 27 soon

Baker will sco re the first goal (That's w hat I th ink )

The dog will eat the biscuits (That's what I guess He's done it before.)

• Yo u can also use will to ask questions about the future -:vhen you aren't sure

whet her the person you 're talking to knows the answer

Do yOll think Ben will marry Jill? (Wh at's yo u r opinion?)

No t e: Sometimes it's possible to use eit her going to or w ill with only a very sm all

differenco in monnln u If you'ro in doubt foll ow tho rules above

Test it ~

a If I id n't/don't have to work, I'd spend all my tim e travelling

b Wewouldn'thave been/Won 'tbe lateif you hadn'tforgottenyour tie

c If you took/t ake more exercise, you'd feel better

d I'd lendl'll le d you some money if had any

e If I m/were you, I'd laug h about it

f If you win/won the lott ery, wo uld you tell me?

9 If I win/won the lotte ry, I'd share it with vou,

h I wouldn'thave been/wasn't angryif you hadn' t tol dme about it

If the captai n saw/hadse en theiceberg,he wouldn't have h

I'd babysit for you if I don't/d idn't have a m

a If Lin say (stop) smoking, she'd feel better

b I'd go ro und and apologize at once if I (be) you

e If had n't gone to the p rt y, I _ _ (not / meet) you

d We wouldn'thav e metJeff ifSimon _ _ (not/ inv ite)usto

the party

o IfBilly weren'tso good-looking, I " ._ _ (not/fancy) him

What ,, you """'"'' " (say) if you'd been at

the meetin g?

9 If she _" (work) harder, she'd get better mar ks

h (not / know) about that book if you h dn't

reco m m ended it

I th train hadn't beendelayed, we ""''''''''' ''' '' ' ' ' ''' '''' (not/miss) the

locture

~

a If you'd though t about it, 1 you'd call her stra ighta

b Steve wo uld be lo nely 2 if we had n't got the tickets

c If the guard hadn' t fall en asleep, 3 if he'd been th

d If I were a bird, 4 you wo uld n't h

e Wh at would you do S if you were me

f They'd hav e been upset 6 I'd enter the m

9 How would he have felt 7 if he didn't have his dog

h If I ad more ene rgy, 8 I'd em igrate every winter

If you loved her, 9 the car wo u ldn't hav e been stolen

I'd take an aspiri n 10 if I were yo

a Lifeisn't easy Ihaven' tgotany money

b Eat more fruit That 's my advice

c Barbara revised She passed the exam

Fix it notes

A

Use second conditional sentences when

you're think ing about present

situations

B

Use second conditional sentences whe n

you 're thinking about future situations

C

Use second co ndit io nal sentences with

If I wer e you to give advice

D

Use third condit ional sentences to talk

abo ut things that have already

happened in the past

E

Use the past tense in the ifclause of

second co nditio nal sentences and

would/wouldn 't in the othe r cla use

F

Use the past perfect in the ifclau se

of th ird co ndit io nal sentences and

would/wouldn 't have in th e other

Second and third conditionals

For information about zero and first conditiona l sentences, see Test it, Fix it: English

Verbs and Tenses Pre-intermediate pages 53 and 61

Second cond itional

• Yo u can use second conditiona l sentences to talk about nreal situations in the present You use the past tense in the if clause and would /wouldn 't in the other clause

If I didn't have to work, I'd lie on the beach all da y (But I have to work, so I can't.)

If we had lots of time, we'd travel (But we haven't, so we don't.)

• You can also use second condit ional sentences to talk about unlikely events in the future

If I won the lottery, I'd shere it with you

(But I probably won't win it, so I won't share it with you.)

If I saw a ghost, I'd speak to it

(But I'm not very likelyto see a ghost,soI won'tspeak to one.)

You can use second condi t ional sentences with If I were you to give advice

If I were you, I'd see a doctor I wouldn't forget Jo 's birthday if I were you

Th ird conditional

• You use third conditional sentences to talk about things that have already happened in the past and their consequences You use the past perfect in the

if clause and would/wouldn 't have in the other clause

If we hadn't smashed the car up we wouldn't have got into troub le

(But we did smash the car up and we did get int o tro u bl e.)

If I'd told you, you 'd have been furious with me

(So I didn't tell you and you weren't furious.)

The i f clause often comes first in conditional

reverse the two clauses without changing the meaning

If James didn't have suc h a good sense of humour, I wouldn 't like him as much =

I wouldn't like J am es as much if he didn't have such a good sense of humour

When the ifcl ouso co m es first, yo u put a comma between the two clauses You don't need ana if it comes second Note, however, that native speakers often leavo tho commn out You may see examples of this in newspapers and rllflgtlzinas, find O il the in ternet

If it rnInlid I' l l r t ~/V III henna l ' cI stnv fit t u n nn if it rnlnntl

Reported speech (1)

Te st it ~

e Complete the repo rted speech,

c 'How ald are yo u?'

Test it again ~

o Rewrite the sentences as reported speech Imagine you're rep ortin g them

a week lat er

Change can to could and will to would

in reported speech

C

Ch ang e the pronouns when you repo rt

speech

o

Change words like today , t om orro w,

etc if the time period has changed

E

Always put a personal direct object or

someone's nam e after tell Never put a

persona l direct object after say

F

Use nor mal word order (subject + verb)

to report questio ns with a question

word Don't use do and don't, did and

didn't

G

Use ifor whetherto report yes/no

questions

For more information,

Review page opposi

Repo r t ed speech ( 1)

Reported speech Reporting statements

• When you report speech, you usually need to go back a tense See Test It, Fix It:

Note that the past perfect doesn't cha nge It rem ains past perfect Note also th

you can use that in reported speech or you can leave it

• If the situat ion is still true,it isn'talwaysnecessaryto go back a tense

However, you'll always be righ t if you go back a tense so if you're in doubt, change the present to th e past

• You change can to could and will to would in reported speech

You usuall y need to change the pronouns whe n you repo rt speech

• Words like today, tomorrow, n ex t S aturda y, next year , etc also cha nge if the time period has changed

Always put a persona l direct object or someone's name after tell Never put a personal di rect ob ject after say

Reporting questions

• When you're reporting questionswit h a quest ion wo rd (who, what, where ,

and don' t, d id and didn't

• Whnn vn , ' " , "" 1< 111 11 11 1 vO' I/II " C1"ooe,il l'l vO' " !II ,, w i /oI l ", !, II do me" ' ,

Reported speech (2)

o Choose the correct option, A or B

A mig ht have rained B mig ht rai

e Choose the co rrect sentence in each pair

B I suggested going out fo r a mea l

b Don't snout A Harry told me to no t sho ut

)'011 should go A He tho ug ht she sho uld go to the dentist

10 tlu- de -ntist B He thought she should have gone to the dentist

~

Test it again &

o Rewrite these sentences as reported speech

a 'Yo u shou ld see a doctor.'

f) Rewrite the reported speech as direct speech

a He said I'd better go beca use it w as late

b She promised to give up sm oki ng

c He to ld me I ought to take the cat to th e vet's

d They said they cou ld see us on Sat urd ay

Answers to Test it again

bi

to r

negative statements, not

the object and the inf

Don't use the infinit ive or object infinitive after the reporting verbs and

C

The verb after would, co uld, sh ould ,

doesn't usually change it s form after past reporting verbs

For mo re iReview page opposite

Orders, requ ests , promises, etc

• You can use the infinit ive or object + infinitive to report orders, requests, promises, offers, advice, agreements, etc

'I'll write! '

'We'll wash up for you ' They offered to do the washing-up 'Keep quieti'

' Yo u shouldn't call again '

In negative statements not goes between the object and the inf

Say and suggest

You don't use the infinitive or object + infi niti v e after the reporting verbs say and suggest Use told or suggest + -ing form

• You don 't usuall y change the form of the verbs after would, could, should, ouqiu to, must, might and had better after past reporting verbs

NOT - She said-she-e8t:Jld l'Ja·.'e botlgM some fruit