Teachers enhancing powerful vocabulary 4a ed

Teacher Information Material required: DVD The Corporation, Tracks: o What is a corporation Unit 1 o Birth Unit 1 o Legal Person Unit 1 o Externalities Unit 1 o E-mail Tune-Up Unit

Trend School Center for Business Communication Enhancing Powerful Vocabulary

Fourth Edition

VOCABULARY – TEACHER’S

Enhancing Powerful Vocabulary – Teacher’s Guide

INDEX

In the Classroom

Unit 2 – International Marketing 18

Unit 4 – Using Powerful Vocabulary 42

ENHANCING POWERFUL VOCABULARY

Topic

You are exposed to a variety of topics within business communication so as to provide you with opportunities to discuss issues, concepts, and all interrelated subjects

Business Communication Concept

Here you will work with a specific business communication concept in order to enhance your management skills and provide you with tools for effective communication

Business Communication Skills

The focus of this section is to practice oral communication skills (listening and speaking)

Business Communication Tools

This section encompasses the language skills that are necessary to communicate with accuracy You will review grammar concepts, expand your vocabulary, and practice your reading and writing skills

Case Study

The case studies throughout the book provide you with an overview of multinational companies, global markets, business situations and current global and business issues

Multicultural Business Communication

Multicultural business communication is essential to companies which are entering the global market where diversity and cultural awareness play an important role in doing business Here, you will work with cultural awareness and how diversity affects businesses

Teacher Information

Material required:

DVD The Corporation, Tracks:

o What is a corporation (Unit 1)

o Birth (Unit 1)

o Legal Person (Unit 1)

o Externalities (Unit 1)

o E-mail Tune-Up (Unit 4)

Special Difficulties Card Game (game board and cards 1-3) (Unit 2) Audio – Eight Things Successful People Do (Unit 3)

Vocabulary Game (game board and cards 1-6) (Unit 4)

Dictionary

Note: Transcripts to Videos 1-4 are provided at the end of the Student’s Book.

ENHANCING POWERFUL VOCABULARY UNIT 1 – THE CORPORATION

Warm Up

1 What is a Corporation?

2 What is Corporate Agenda?

3 How would you define Corporate Responsibility?

4 What is the difference between responsibility and accountability?

Accountability: The state of being accountable; liability to be called on to render an account; the obligation to bear the consequences for failure to perform as expected; accountableness Syn Answerability

Responsibility: An act or course of action that is demanded of one, as by position, custom, law, or religion The obligation to carry forward an assigned task to a successful conclusion Syn Burden, commitment, duty

Pre-viewing vocabulary

1 all-persuasive (d) a a thorough, often drastic reorganization,

as of the personnel in a business or government

5 compensation programs (l) e at the cost of someone or something; the

using of someone to gain advantage

on a program or list

intended

9 broker (o) i a close examination of a matter in search

of information or truth

10 whistle blower (q) j to project or extend beyond

undertaking after all operating expenses have been met

received as payment or reparation, as for

a service or loss

13 principled company (p) m anything of material value or usefulness

15 at someone’s expense (e) o one that acts as an agent for others, as in

negotiating contracts, purchases, or sales

in return for a fee or commission

defined standards of rightness or morality

organization to the public or to those in positions of authority

Video – What is a Corporation?

as scandals threaten to trigger a wide debate about the lack of public control over big corporations

News clip: George Bush: “I do think there is an overhang over the market of distrust Listen, 95%, or some percent, huge percentage of the business community are honest, and uh, reveal all their assets, got compensation programs that are balanced But there are some bad apples…”

Narration: The media debate about the basic operating principles of the corporate world was quickly reduced to a game of “follow the leader”

I still happen to think the United States is the greatest place in the world to invest We have some shakeups that are going on because of a few bad apples

ACCOUNTING FOR GREED PROTECTING YOUR MONEY FOCUS: CORPORATE CRACKDOWN

Lyrics to “Bad Apple”: “Some people call me a bad apple, well I may be bruised, but I still taste sweet Some people call me a bad apple, but I may be the sweetest apple on the tree”

Man with white hair: These are not just a bunch of bad apples

CNBC host: This is just a few bad apples

Sarbanes: It’s not just a few bad apples

Rep Scott McInnis: We’ve gotta get rid of the bad apples … you can start with Tyco

Lou Dobbs: Bad apples

Rep Scott McInnis: We know all about Worldcom

Woman announcer: Bad apples

Rep Scott McInnis: Xerox corporation

Greta Van Sustern: Bad apples

Rep Scott McInnis: Arthur Anderson

Chris Mathews: Bad apples

Rep Scott McInnis: Enron, obviously

Ari Fleischer: Bad apples

Rep Scott McInnis: Kmart Corporation

Red haired guy: The fruit cart is getting a little more full

Charles Lewis: I don’t think it’s just a few apples, unfortunately I think this is the worst crisis of confidence in business –

Narration: What’s wrong with this picture? Can’t we pick a better metaphor to describe the dominant institution of our time? Through the voices of CEOs, whistleblowers, brokers, gurus and spies – insiders and outsiders – we present the corporation as a paradox, an institution that creates great wealth, but causes enormous, and often hidden harms

Sir Mark Moody-Stuart: I see the corporation as part of a jigsaw in society as a whole, which if you remove it, the picture’s incomplete But equally, if it’s the only part, it’s not going to work

Hank Mckinnell: A sports team Some of us are blocking and tackling Some of us are running the ball Some

of us are throwing the ball But we all have a common purpose, which is to succeed as an organization Wigand: A corporation’s like a family unit People in a corporation work together for a common end

Badaracco: Like the telephone system, it reaches almost everywhere It’s extraordinarily powerful, it’s pretty hard to avoid And it transforms the lives of people, I think on balance, for the better

Ira Jackson (V/O): The eagle Soaring, clear eyed, competitive, prepared to strike, but not a vulture Noble, visionary, majestic, that people can believe in, and be inspired by, that creates such a lift that it soars … I can see that being a good logo for the principled company … Okay, guys, enough bullshit

Howard Zinn: Corporations are artificial creations You might say they’re monsters trying to devour as much profit as possible at anyone’s expense

THE BIGGEST THING SINCE CREATION

Michael Moore: I think of a whale A gentle, big fish, which could swallow you in an instant

Mary Zepernick: Dr Frankenstein’s creation, has

overwhelmed and overpowered him, as the corporate form has done with us

Keyes: The word “corporate” gets attached in almost, you know, in a pejorative sense to – and gets married with – the word “a-gen-da.” And one hears a lot about the corporate a-gen-da As though it is evil As though

it is an agenda which is trying to take over the world Personally, I don’t use the word “corporation.” I use the word “business.”

I will use the word “company.” I will use the words “business community.” ’Cause I think that is a much fairer representation than zeroing in on just this word “corporation.”

WHAT IS A CORPORATION?

Badaracco: It’s funny that I’ve taught in a business school for as long as I have without every having been

A Watch the video Write true (T) or false (F) on the space next to each statement

1 T _ The Corporation is today’s dominant institution

2 F _ 50 percent of the business community is honest

3 F _ There are no bad apples in the business community

4 T _ The Corporation is an institution that creates great wealth but

causes hidden harms

5 T _ People in a Corporation should work together for a common end

6 F _ Corporations are real creations and can’t be compared to monsters

7 F _ The corporate form has not overwhelmed nor overpowered us

8 T _ The corporate agenda is trying to take over the world

9 T _ A Corporation is a group of individuals working together to serve objectives such as

earning large, growing, sustained legal returns for the people who own the

business

B Do you agree with the statements above? Explain

Teacher’s Note: Choose 3-4 statements and ask students to individually elaborate on their views Interrupt where necessary to provide new words or rephrase Force the students to use the new words

Pre-viewing vocabulary

A Before watching the next video, choose the best definition for the words below:

1 A steam pump is:

a a car driven by steam power

b a small pumping engine operated by steam It is usually direct-acting

c a pipe

2 A coal mine is:

a a mine that contains gold

b a place where there are precious stones

c a mine where coal is dug from the ground

c the CEO of a company

7 To be liable for something means to be:

9 To deprive someone of something means to:

a eliminate something from someone

b restrict the use of something

c take something away from someone

Video – Birth (4.55)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SuUzmqBewg&feature=PlayList&p=FA50FBC214A6CE87&index=1

A Watch the video once

B Watch again and try to fill in the missing information

The modern corporation 1) has grown out of the industrial age The industrial age began in 2)

1712, when an Englishmen named 3) Thomas Newcument invented a 4) steam driven 5) pump to

pump water out of the English 5) coal mine, so the English coal miners could get more coal to the

mine rather than 6) haul in buckets of water out of the mine It was all about productivity, more

coal per man-hour And today it’s more 7) chips per man hour, more 8) gizmos per man hour

The system is basically the same producing more sophisticated products today

There were very few 9 chartered Corporations in the early United States history And the ones

that existed had clear 10 stipulations in their state 11 issued charters, how long they could 12

operate, the amount of 13 capitalization, what they 14 made or did or maintained, a turnpike or

whatever was in their charter, and they didn’t do anything else They didn’t 15 own or couldn’t

own another corporation Their 16 shareholders were 17 liable and so on

C Answer the questions

1) What caused the Corporation to change so dramatically? The civil war, the industrial

revolution and the growth of banking

2) What was the purpose of the 14th amendment? It was to give equal rights to black people

It stated that no state can take away life, liberty or property from people without due process of law

3) What effect did the 14th amendment have on Corporations? It actually ended up helping

the corporation, because lawyers turned it to their favor by defending the fact that a corporation was a person and therefore it had the same rights The Supreme Court agreed

to it

4) Why does Ms Zepernick state that this was, “particularly grotesque?”

Grossman: In both law and the culture, the corporation was considered a subordinate entity that was a gift

from the people in order to serve the public good So, you have that history, and we shouldn’t be misled by it, it’s not as if those were the halcyon days, when all corporations served the public trust, but there’s a lot to learn from that

Zepernick: The Civil War and the Industrial Revolution created enormous growth in corporations And so

there was an explosion of railroads who got large federal subsidies of land Banking, heavy manufacturing And corporate lawyers, a century and a half ago, realized that they needed more power to operate, and wanted to remove some of the constraints that had historically been placed on the corporate form

Zinn: The 14th Amendment was passed at the end of the Civil War to give equal rights to black people And

therefore it said, “no State can deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law.” And that was intended to prevent the States from taking away life, liberty or property from black people as they had done for so much of our history And what happens is the corporations come into court and corporation lawyers are very clever, and they say, “oh you can’t deprive a person of life, liberty or property

We are a person, a corporation is a person.” And so Supreme Court goes along with that

Zepernick: And what was particularly grotesque about this was that the 14th amendment was passed to

protect newly freed slaves So, for instance, between 1890 and 1910, there were 307 cases brought before the court under the 14th amendment 288 of these brought by corporations, 19 by African Americans

Grossman: Six hundred thousand people were killed to get rights for people, and then with strokes of the pen

over the next thirty years, judges applied those rights to capital and property while stripping them from people

Pre-viewing vocabulary

A Match the words to their definitions

1 incorporate (e) a to accrue as proceeds or profit: Little money issued from the stocks

2 limited liability

company (h)

b to institute legal proceedings

3 to issue (a) c the final result or outcome

4 individual

person (i)

d to deal with

5 legal person (l) e to cause to form into a legal corporation: incorporate a business

6 to sue(b) f to be without or in need of

9 to lack (f) i not a corporation

10 to address (d) j Involving or lasting a relatively brief time

11 to be legally

bound (k)

k having to obey rules and regulations

12 short-term (j) l a body of persons or an entity (as a corporation) considered as

having many of the rights and responsibilities of a natural person and esp the capacity to sue and be sued

Video – A Legal Person (5.48)

Narration:

Having acquired the legal rights and protections of a “person”, the question arises: “What kind of person is the corporation?”

Chomsky: Corporations were given the rights, of immortal persons But then special kinds of persons

Persons who had no moral conscience These are a special kind of persons which are designed by law, to be

concerned only for their stockholders And not, say, what are sometimes called their stakeholders, like the

community or the work force or whatever

Monks: The great problem of having corporate citizens is that they aren’t like the rest of us As Baron

Thurlow in England is supposed to have said “they have no soul to save, and they have no body to

incarcerate.”

Moore: I believe the mistake that a lot of people make when they think about corporations, is they think you

know, corporations are like us…

Streeters:

Woman in jean jacket: General Electric - is a kind, old man with lots of stories

Black couple: Nike – young, energetic

Black dude w/sunglasses: Microsoft – aggressive

White dude w/glasses: McDonald’s – young, outgoing, enthusiastic

White dude: Monsanto - immaculately dressed

Woman w/sunglasses: Disney – goofy

Woman on bike: The Body Shop – um, deceptive

Black couple:

man – very lovely

woman – (laughter) do you know what The Body Shop is?

man – nope (laughter)

Moore: They think they have feelings, they have politics, they have belief systems, they really only have one

thing: the bottom line How to make as much money as they can in any given quarter That’s it

Archival footage: b&w students around a table

Boy: Of course they make a profit, and it’s a good thing That’s the incentive that makes capitalism work To give us more of the things that we need That’s the incentive that other economic systems lack

Moody-Stuart: People accuse us of only paying attention to the economic leg, because they think that’s

what a business person’s mindset is, it’s just money And it’s not so, because we as business people know that we need to certainly address the environment, but also we need to be seen as constructive members of

society

Moore: There are companies that do good for the communities They produce services and goods that are

of value to all of us, that make our lives better, and that’s a good thing The problem comes in, in the profit motivation here, because these people, there’s no such thing as enough

Moody-Stuart: And I always counter-point out, there’s no organization on this planet, that can neglect it’s

economic foundation Even someone living under a banyan tree is dependent on support from someone Economic lack has to be addressed by everyone – it’s not just a business issue

Narration:

But, unlike someone under a banyan tree, all publicly traded corporations have been structured — through a

series of legal decisions — to have a peculiar and disturbing characteristic They are required - by law to

place the financial interests of their owners above competing interests In fact, the corporation is legally

bound to put its bottom line ahead of everything else, even the public good

Chomsky: That’s not a law of nature that’s a very specific decision, in fact a judicial decision So they’re

concerned only for the short term profit of their stockholders who are very highly concentrated

B Choose the best alternatives for the statements below:

1 The advantage of incorporating is:

a being able to manufacture products

b being able to have regulations

c having limited liability

2 Imperial Steel Incorporated has the following rights:

a it can buy and sell property

b it can borrow money

c it can sue in court and be sued

d it can carry a business

e all of the above

3 Corporations were given the legal rights of:

5 The bottom line of a Corporation is:

a to provide services for the community

b to invent new products and technology

c to make as much money as it can in any given period of time

B Match each Corporation to its corresponding adjective according to the documentary:

3 Microsoft c a kind, old man with lots of stories (1)

C) Do you agree with these adjectives? Can you think of other adjectives you would give to other Corporations? How about your company? How would you best define it?

1 People can’t be legally responsible for a business, therefore; they INCORPORATE it

2 LIMITED LIABILITY is one of the major advantages of organizing a business as a

corporation

3 Little money IS ISSUED from the stocks

4 A LEGAL PERSON has responsibilities and rights under the law

5 Companies that emit too much pollution are sometimes SUED by a community

6 A lot can happen between now and December, but THE BOTTOM LINE, for now, is that

the city is still heading toward default

7 The CEO ADDRESSED the issue of absenteeism

8 Our economy will not improve in the SHORT-TERM

9 The corporation is LEGALLY BOUND to put its bottom line ahead of everything else, even

the public good

Pre-viewing vocabulary

A Look up these three words in the dictionary before viewing the next video Define using your own words

Naive: One who is artless, credulous, or uncritical

Bill: An itemized list or statement of fees or charges

Unwary: Not alert to danger or deception

Video – Externalities (2.13)

A Watch the video once

Monks: To whom do these companies owe loyalty? What does loyalty mean? Well, it turns out that that was

a rather nạve concept anyway as corporations are always owed obligation to themselves to get large and to get profitable In doing this, it tends to be more profitable to the extent it can make other people pay the bills for its impact on society There‘s a terrible word that economists use for this called “externalities”

Friedman: An externality is the effect of a transaction between two individuals on a third party who has not

consented to, or played any role in, the carrying out of that transaction And there are real problems in that area there’s no doubt about it

Anderson: Running a business is a tough proposition, there are costs to be minimized at every turn, and at

some point the corporation says, you know, let somebody else deal with that Let’s let somebody else supply the military power to the Middle East to protect the oil at its source, let’s let somebody else build the roads that we can drive these automobiles on, let’s let somebody else have those problems, and that is where externalities come from, that notion of, let somebody else deal with that – I got all I can handle myself

Monks: A corporation is an externalizing machine in the same way that a shark is a killing machine Each one

is designed in a very efficient way, to accomplish particular objectives In the achievement of those objectives, there isn’t any question of malevolence or of will, the enterprise has within it, and the shark has within it, those characteristics that enable it to do that for which it was designed

Anderson: So, the pressure’s on the corporation to deliver results now, and to externalize any cost that this

unwary or uncaring public will allow it to externalize

B According to the documentary, what is an “externality”?

ENHANCING POWERFUL VOCABULARY UNIT 2 – INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

Warm Up

1 What products do you know that are marketed internationally?

2 What kind of problems do companies face when they go international?

3 What methods can companies use to enter overseas markets?

Below are some collocations that are related to the topic of International Marketing Can you explain their meaning?

Buying habits Government bureaucracy Monetary regulations Economic situation Income distribution Political stability

Vocabulary Development

A Now fill in the following sentences with the collocations above

1 Because of tight MONETARY REGULATIONS- company profits could not be taken out of

the country

2 Red tape and other examples of GOVERNMENT BUREAUCRACY— hinder a company’s

entry into a market

3 The country is attractive to exporters because it has enjoyed POLITICAL STABILITY for the

last 50 years

4 The purchasing behavior of consumers can be described as their BUYING HABITS

5 The ECONOMIC SITUATION— is improving, leading to a rise in employment

6 INCOME DISTRIBUTION- is a term used by economists to describe how wealth is shared in

a country

B Can you think of other collocations using the words below?

Government ………

Income ………

Political ………

C Write 5 sentences about Brazil and Brazilian companies using the collocations above Read them to your class for feedback ………

………

………

………

………

………

………

………

Let’s now consider a widespread international product:

Sneakers

D Answer the following questions:

1 Are they internationally marketed products?

2 What is the message behind a pair of sneakers?

3 Who are the target customers for a sneakers’ manufacturer?

5 When you think of a pair of sneakers, which brand name immediately comes to your

mind? Why? (Get students to talk about advertisements, stars they relate to the chosen

brand)

Reading

A Read the text below Don’t worry about words that you don’t know; just read for the overall meaning

injecting one of the biggest brands in sports

with a new kind of cool, and he's betting it

will make Nike run for cover Reebok's fall

and rise are a classic tale of the wonders of

the entrepreneurial world Fireman was

selling sports equipment for his father's

business when in 1979, during a Chicago

trade show, he became impressed by a

hand-sewn (stitched by hand) leather

sneaker called Reebok, named after a type of

African gazelle and marketed by the

heralded (publicly praised) British

athletic-shoe company J.W Foster & Sons (a

family-owned company that made the running

shoes worn in the 1924 Olympics by the

athletes celebrated in Chariots of Fire)

Fireman bought the U.S distribution rights to

Reebok, and by 1984 had dropped out of

college and was putting all his time into

marketing his company's soft, brightly

colored leather sneakers His timing was

perfect Reeboks became standard

equipment for the suddenly booming

women's aerobics movement And they

became such a hip (modern and

fashionable) fashion icon (something

famous, representing an important idea)

that in 1986 Mick Jagger had to write

Fireman directly to request a pair because

they were sold out in London, and

everywhere else

But the late 1980s saw a backlash among management gurus against the idea of entrepreneurs running their own companies Instead, professional managers came into

vogue (into fashion, popular), so that at

places like Apple, Lotus and even Ben & Jerry's, the founding fathers stepped, or

were eased (moved slowly or carefully),

aside At Reebok, which had begun an aggressive push into foreign markets, the board feared that Fireman might finally be in over his head

Reebok's problems began under the new cast of professional managers; there were five presidents in a decade In an effort to

broaden (to increase something) its

customer base, Reebok in 1992 ventured out from its core recreational-fitness customers

to make sneakers in more competitive sports categories like baseball, basketball and soccer, where such rivals as Nike, Adidas and New Balance were already slugging it out

"Women started feeling like we had lost

track of them," says David Perdue, who was

brought in by Fireman this year to run

Reebok's main lines of business, sneakers

and apparel (clothing) "And kids too found

us not to be relevant." As declining sales

forced the company to cut back on R&D, the

styling of Reeboks across the board fell out

of favor John Shanley, an analyst with Wells

Fargo Van Kasper, puts it this way: "Reebok

shoes started looking like they belonged on

the shelf of an orthopedic patient."

Not anymore Back in December 1999,

Fireman who with his wife Phyllis owns

about a 20% stake in Reebok won the

board's approval for a turnaround plan At

the heart of his strategy was a return to the

company's roots sharp, provocative design

Moreover, he decided to hire Allen Iverson,

prince of the National Basketball Association

and a 6-ft.-tall 26-year-old who spends his

spare time playing video games and singing

gangsta rap music to market his products

In addition, he began pushing innovation

from his engineers They came up with

Reebok's DMX technology, a sole containing

numerous air channels for cushioned

comfort, and Traxtar, a line of shoes for kids

that contain built-in computer chips and

motion sensors that measure the wearer's

running speed and jumping height "Most

people's view of entrepreneurs is that their

business eventually outgrows them," says

Reebok CFO Ken Watchmaker "We've

learned the hard way that Paul is the

lifeblood of this business."

Of course, Fireman knows that gizmos

bring down Nike unless Reebok has a lot of well-marketed attitude to go with them He calls this "the Cool Factor" the mysterious

marketing mojo that powers the $11 billion

athletic-footwear market

The way Fireman sees it, the conventional approach to business is boring, so bring on the controversy, play the game by your own rules, be a real entrepreneur Back in the early 1990s, when he was already earning a seven-figure salary and bonuses, he was denied membership at a country club near his New England home Fireman assumed the club turned him down because he is Jewish He didn't fight for entry; he bought

his own country club, decked out (decorated for a special occasion) with an 18-hole golf

course, an Olympic-size pool and tennis courts That helps explain why he identifies

with stars like Iverson and Williams, who fit

the mold because they break it They aren't

heroes like Tiger Woods, but they attract

attention And they have the stuff of greatness, which means big rewards if they're on your team

Reebok's big-league deals will really start paying off in three years through a heightened profile among youth, about the time that Michael Jordan will have to hang

up his high-tops (sports shoe that supports the ankle, used by basketball players) for

good "You don't get cool by writing checks," says Fireman The Reebok chief is counting

on his big-league deals and projects like Diamond, a kind of high-end designer boutique within Reebok that aims to develop the trendsetting sneakers and street fashion

B Decide whether the statements below are True or False Read the text again if necessary, then write T or F below

1 Fireman was working for his father selling sports equipment before he decided to buy

Reebok T

2 Fireman graduated from college F _

3 Reeboks had become a hip fashion icon by 1986 T

4 In the late 1980’s there was a movement against entrepreneurs managing their own

businesses, and entrepreneurs were replaced by professional managers _T _

5 This new kind of management improved Reebok sales _F

6 In December 1999, Fireman proposed a new plan to the board which was approved T

7 This new plan consisted of innovating Reebok’s line of shoes and hiring Allen Iverson to

market its products T

8 Both Fireman and Iverson are conventional entrepreneurs F

9 Reebok hopes to have a return on investment in 3 years T _

10 The main idea of this article is that the people who create and innovate new products

aren’t able to manage their businesses as they grow F

C Choose the best definition for each word Refer to the text to see the words in context

a gets too big for

b gets too small for

c stays the same for

D Complete each of the sentences with one of the words below

rebound entrepreneurial booming backlash

running board core slugging it out

turnaround outgrow bring down figures

rewards pay off aim

1 What did the BOARD of directors say about your ideas for the new project?

2 I had never written a check with so many FIGURES! Buying a car these days is a huge

expense

3 Some believe that a business can OUTGROW its original owner and should be run by

experts Others think it’s the original owner who knows the core business best

4 What is your AIM here? Although the presentation is informative, I see no clear objectives

5 He hates RUNNING the restaurant for his family He would like to be working in sales

6 The two businessmen are SLUGGING OUT to get the best deal The fight will be fierce

7 E-commerce is BOOMING right now Many people who used to buy in traditional stores

are now buying via internet

8 Let’s talk about the CORE of the problem The other issues are less important

9 The investment is huge, but it will PAY OFF in the end

10 To do this job you need ENTREPRENEURIAL skills – the kind of skills you would need to

start your own business

11 After the recession is over, the market will REBOUND

12 Let’s BRING DOWN the prices again to see if sales will increase

13 Firing employees will only be followed by a BACKLASH Workers won’t accept it

14 The change of director led to a TURN AROUND in the company’s profits They had been

losing money until then

15 One of the REWARDS of my job is meeting people It’s something that gives me pleasure

Business Communication Tools - Word forms I

A Look back at this excerpt from the third paragraph of the text:

In an effort to broaden its customer base, Reebok in 1992 ventured out from its core

recreational-fitness customers to make sneakers in more competitive sports categories like baseball, basketball and soccer, where such rivals as Nike, Adidas and New Balance were already slugging it out

Notice the highlighted word broaden Can you guess what part of speech it is? Check the correct

alternative below

( ) Adjective ( ) Adverb ( ) Noun (X) Verb

B Now, check the part of speech of the words in bold in the sentences below

1 There’s broad support for the government’s policies

( X ) Adjective ( ) Adverb ( ) Noun ( ) Verb

2 Broadly speaking, I agree with you

( ) Adjective ( X ) Adverb ( ) Noun ( ) Verb

3 The broadness of her experience makes her ideal for the job

( ) Adjective ( X ) Adverb ( ) Noun ( ) Verb

4 You should broaden your experience by reading more

( ) Adjective ( ) Adverb ( ) Noun ( X ) Verb

C Correct the highlighted words and write the answer in the blank provided

1 The negotiators reached a broaden agreement on the main issues BROAD

2 I thanked my boss for the raise and smiled broad at him BROADLY

3 Do you think reading can broadly your views of the subject? BROADEN

4 The broadly of her opinions shocked the board of directors BROADNESS

Reading

A Read the text below Don’t worry about words that you don’t know; just read for the overall meaning

Don’t Lose It—Seven Tips

The first maxim when it comes to debt: you

don’t save money by borrowing even more

You’ve got credit-card bloat, a monster

mortgage and an expensive auto lease

You’re saving for retirement but not nearly

enough If you have kids, you haven’t a clue

how they’ll get through school And then

there are the little things, like food

Tips: Face the Real Problem Credit cards

don’t sneak out at night and go shopping all

by themselves What you do with your

money shows where your values lie “The

choice isn’t between college saving and a

401(k), it’s between saving and leasing a

BMW,” says planner Paul White of Manassas,

Va Until you change your attitudes, no

financial plan in the world will do you any

good

Lower Your Spending Here’s a subversive

thought: Aim to live on less than you earn

Harvest the surplus for savings and repaying

debt Where do you find the money in a

budget that’s already tight? If you’re

married, start with full disclosure Couples

with separate bank accounts may have no

idea what the other buys Then track the

cash you take from ATMs (that money isn’t

called “liquid” for nothing) Identify extras, cut them back, then cut them out, says planner Morris Armstrong of New Milford, Conn Cancel all big consumer purchases for

a couple of years Then practice all the classic tricks: Shop only with cash (you spend less when you’re using real money) For plastic, use a debit card instead of a credit card (debit cards are cash, too) Don’t even carry

a credit card (surprise! you can actually live without it)

Add To Retirement Savings Use payroll

deductions or automatic transfers from a bank account Freelancers with irregular incomes should take a percentage off the top

of every check (10 percent is nice) You’re creating what planner William Starnes of Hockessin, Dela., calls “artificial scarcity.” Less money hits your bank account, which will bring your spending down Why do I put retirement first? Because life is long, you get tax breaks and payroll deduction works Save enough in 401(k)s to get the full company match If you don’t have a match, save anyway

Pay Off High- Interest Credit Cards Send

your tax-refund check straight to Visa or MasterCard Look for other ways of making one-shot payments—from bonuses, yard

MONEY TRENDS