has several, includ- electri-ing tional; Germany Underwrit-The simple task of specifying an ac electrical plug takes neoreader.com, and you will be connected to related content OCTOB
Trang 1WORLD, page 50 RESINS THAT BEHAVE THEMSELVES IN TINY MOLDS, page 58 ANATOMY OF A HIGH- PERFORMANCE ACOUSTIC
SENSOR, page 64
Trang 2The Curtis Publishing Company
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RS# 102
Trang 4ELECTRICAL
has VDE; Sweden has Semko, and so on Most developed
countries require some sort of a third-party test and there In most European cases, the national standard will
ap-cable International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
or Cenelec document Any deviations are noted in the independent of IEC and Cenelec.
Plugs and sockets can be categorized by their class and polarization Class I plugs and sockets have the ability to sockets have only two electrical contact points, line and neutral, and use two-wire cables.
A polarized plug-and-socket configuration has two
Look at an electrical outlet outside the U S and you’ll probably see an unfamiliar plug pattern There are 18 different plug patterns used around the world In addition, countries around the world North America, part of South America, and a few other countries that run on 60 Hz Most of the rest of the world runs on 50 Hz However, some countries, such as Japan, run on both While typically 120 or 230 Vac, voltages can run any- where from 100 to 250 Vac Again, some countries use multiple voltages.
When configuring electrically powered equipment for use outside the U S., cutting off the “wrong” plug and re- the “right” plug onto it, the cord loses its regulatory ap- traveling, but they are not recommended for use on a piece your cord and equipment may lose approvals.
All developed countries and many of the ing countries have electrical safety standards As a result,
develop-most have cies The U S has several, includ-
electri-ing tional; Germany
Underwrit-The simple task of specifying
an ac electrical plug takes
neoreader.com, and you will be connected to related content
OCTOBER 20, 2011 MACHINE Design.com 50
MEDICAL INDUSTRY FOCUS
rican company The FDA-approved dressing, called many voids between the nonallergenic spheres and each
Cer-in diameter, which creates capillary suction forces of about
Fortunately, biomedical engineers and material tists have developed several new devices and therapies that work on chronic wounds.
scien-Better dressings One of the simplest new approaches to wound ther-
apy are bioceramic dressings from Cerdak, a South
Af-Physicians have been nology to help wounds and more recently, staples and adhesives And for- tunately, most wounds eventually heal them- tions in which wounds just wounds Ñ usually defined
as those that show no ment after 30 days Ñ include bed sores in paralyzed or immobilized people, foot and leg sores on diabetics, and large trau- matic wounds due to car accidents or combat.
improve-New devices and materials help chronic wounds heal faster and with less risk of infection.
which contains fresh antigens and the growth hormones the spheres reduce the amount of bacterial toxins and free radicals, which are both inimical to healing The standard Cerdak dressing is about the size of a tea bag, but the company makes specialized dressings for
56 kPA when in contact with liquids.
When placed in or near
a wound, the spheres attract and retain fluid As they re- move older fluid, the body
Ultrasound kickstarts healing processes
The healing process is actually a host of biological activities that take place in reaction to sue damage Infl ammation, for example, might cause swelling and pain, but normally it stems factors arriving at the site to promote new blood vessel growth and seal off the wound But in chronic wounds, this cascade of events seems to stall out, leaving a painful open sore suscep- tible to infection.
tis-Researchers at Sanuwave Health Inc., Alpharetta, Ga., have discovered a way to restart
the healing process and get that cascade fl owing again using ultrasound stimulation with a device they design and manufacture called dermaPACE (PACE stands for pulsed acoustic cel- lular expression) It uses a handheld transmitter to send four impulses/second of ultrasound carrying 0.23 J/mm 2 These impulses travel into the tissue or wound where they create shock waves of about 500 bar followed by negative pressure waves of about –90 bar, according to the company These pressure waves travel about 10 mm into the wound where they gener- ate rapid compression and tension forces at the cellular levels These forces seem to imitate a Patients usually receive four treatments spread over four weeks.
The transmitter/applicator contains electronics and liquid components that cannot be ilized, so health-care technicians encase it in a sterile sleeve while gliding it over the wound to passing from the applicator to the tissue.
ster-Although dermaPACE and similar devices have been shown to initiate and accelerate healing burns, trau- wounds, Sanuwave is initially targeting the device for use on foot ulcers of diabetics, one of the most com- mon chronic wounds One of the symptoms of diabetes
is neuropathy, nerve damage that leads to a loss of feeling
So diabetic patients in clinical tests and trials have not complained of pain And patients who were treated for other types of wounds did not report pain either But burns studies from Europe report they do use lidocain, a local anesthetic, just prior to derma- PACE treatments.
The FDA is currently reviewing clinical trials
of the device for use on diabetic sores It is ating time to wound closure, reduction in wound size, rate of patient improvement, patient long- term safety, and skin appearance and pain reduction If all goes well, the agency could approve the device relatively soon And the AMA is already looking favorably on the support from several medical societies.
evalu-Healing wounds
with technology
Authored by:
Stephen J Mraz Senior Editor stephen.mraz@penton.com Resources:
Cerdak, www.cerdak.com ConvaTec, www.convatec.com Innovative Therapies Inc.,
Applicator Control box Foot pedal
OCTOBER 20, 2011 MACHINE Design.com
VOLUME 83ISSUE 18OCTOBER 20, 2011
Access our Reader Service Web site to quickly find and request information on the products and services found
in the pages of M ACHINE D ESIGN
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PLUGGING IN:
Navigating international power connection standards
Here’s how to work through the numerous standards governing electrical plugs and sockets in different parts
22
64
58
IR camouflage lets tanks
hide in plain sight
When viewed through IR detectors, battle
tanks can imitate smaller vehicles and other
objects, thanks to a new Adaptiv system
Materials fit for
micromolding
Injection molding for small and microscopic
parts can mean different requirements than
those cited by manufacturers
Test & Instrumentation
Technology Guide
Precise solar measurements; measuring the
shake, rattle, and roll during shuttle liftoffs;
and conditioning sensor signals
OCTOBER 20, 2011 MACHINE Design.com
2
Trang 5Use the technology built into the Productivity3000 programmable controller to make your job easier If you need data collection - from the factory floor, lab, or field - it’s a system worth looking at One program instruction in the controller connects and passes data to all the common database formats - Microsoft Access, ODBC, and SQL Server Low-cost server software (DataWorx P3K, starting
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RS# 103
Trang 6For customized article reprints and permissions please contact: Penton Reprints, 1-888-858-8851, e-mail at reprints@pentonreprints.com or visit pentonreprints.com.
Editorial content is indexed in the Applied Science Technology Index, the Engineering Index, SciSearch and Research Alert Microfilm copies available from National Archive Publishing Company (NAPC), 300
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Printed in U.S.A., Copyright © 2011 Penton Media, Inc All rights reserved M ACHINE D ESIGN (ISSN 0024-9114) is published semimonthly except for a single issue in January and July by Penton Media, Inc., 9800 Metcalf Ave., Overland Park, KS 66212
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SCANNING FOR IDEAS
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4
Trang 7Here today Here tomorrow.
The RittalXpress stocking program ensures next day shipping for more than 2,200 of our most popular Industrial and IT enclosures, accessories and climate control products Visit www.rittal-corp.com/rittalxpress for
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RS# 104
Trang 8What’s new online machinedesign.com
Phone hacking and countermeasures
At the Intel Developer Forum 2011, Cryptography Research, a
semiconduc-tor security R&D division of Rambus, demonstrated
how hackers can intercept electromagnetic emissions from smart phones and PDAs to steal unprotected data
Learn about countermeasures such as randomizing computations, inserting timing delays, injecting noise,
and restructuring algorithms to mask secrets, at www.engineer- ingtv.com/video/Cryptography- Research-Demonstra;Only- Engineering-TV-Videos.
Cable Web site
Lapp Group, a manufacturer of
wire, cable, and accessories such as
connectors and strain reliefs, has a
new North American Web site, www.
lappusa.com It includes
product-selector tools, e-learning modules,
a technical data-resource center,
application tips, and educational
videos.
White paper on
rotary encoders
A new white paper from Heidenhain
discusses factors that influence
selecting appropriate rotary
encoders for controlled servodrives
While positioning accuracy is
paramount, properties such as
speed stability, noise, power loss,
and bandwidth can influence the
application Download a copy
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Switches and indicators
Wilbrecht Ledco, a subsidiary
of Microprecision Electronics,
launched a new Web site (www.
wilbrechtledco.com) covering its
microswitches, LED indicators, and metal-foil resistors, including product features, capabilities, and performance specs The site can be read in English, French, or German.
Adhesives forum
Fabrico has launched a new forum
for engineers and manufacturers involved with flexible materials and adhesives for bonding, joining, and sealing applications Users can connect with experts and discuss topics such as medical-grade, pressure-sensitive, and high- performance structural adhesives
Find it at www.fabricoforum.com.
Expanded engineering content
Knovel provides Web-based
technical information and analytical search tools, and has added six new
partners, including the American
Society for Microbiology, American Welding Society, Hobart Institute of Welding Technology,
and Australia’s Commonwealth
Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Learn more at http://
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Engineers are answering increasingly difficult questions in eight different categories, scoring points, winning prizes, and showcasing their smarts!
Check out the 5,000+ questions in these eight categories:
• All Things Energy
MACHINE ALIGNMENT BASICS
One key to producing parts to spec is proper machine alignment Equipment not
properly aligned during installation will produce bad parts from the start And
problems will crop up over time without periodic realignments Neither scenario
is acceptable for a profitable, efficiently run business
But which machines need alignments, and when? In this Webinar, engineers
from Faro Technologies review the different types of machines that require
alignment, traditional methods used for this process, and the benefits of using
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OCTOBER 20, 2011 MACHINE Design.com
6
Trang 9RS# 105
Trang 10If you are wondering why things changed, you aren’t alone Two economists
at the National Bureau of Economic Research mused about the same thing Controlling for education and other related qualities, they found that wages in finance in 2006 were about 40% higher than those in the rest of the private sec-tor For CEOs, the difference is even greater Between 1995 and 2005, executive compensation in finance outstripped that of the private sector by 150% on aver-age The NBER economists decided to figure out why
The two didn’t pursue this idea out of idle curiosity Finance accounts for 15
to 25% of the overall increase in wage inequality since 1980, they say To put it another way, lopsided compensation in the financial industry has greatly con-tributed to the disappearance of the middle class and the polarization of the U S into a country containing mainly people with low and high incomes
The two economists, Thomas Philippon and Ariell Reshef, discovered thing odd: There was another time in U S history when wages in the financial sector outpaced those elsewhere That period extended from 1909 to 1933 which, in a spooky echo of today, spanned the roaring twenties, the 1929 stock market collapse, and the initiation of the Great Depression It also casts doubt
some-on the csome-oncept that informatisome-on technology has been the force driving higher salaries — after all, there were no computers in the 1920s
What the economists did find, however, was that the relative rise of salaries in finance corresponded with progressive deregulation of the industry beginning
in the 1980s, probably because deregulation can intensify innovation and petition for talent Similarly, salaries in finance started to fall during the 1930s, 40s, and 50s, not because of the punk economy or any nostalgic ideas about the rise of manufacturing industries The more probable explanation, say Philippon and Reshef, is that that period was one of relatively heavy regulation of financial firms and, coincidentally, much higher tax rates on higher incomes
com-Well, thank goodness for that Otherwise, many entrepreneurially minded self-starters of the time such as Bill Hewlett, David Packard, or Bill Lear might have wound up inventing cockamamie debt instruments instead of founding manufacturing industries
The economists beg off from opining about whether society is better or worse off when “financiers are overpaid from a social point of view.” But I contend that the real lesson learned from their results lies elsewhere: If society wants more engineers and scientists, it should forget about beseeching kids
to pursue technical subjects and hoping they ignore the fact that such studies lead to lower-paying careers Instead, just regulate the financial industry so it produces fewer “innovations” such as the credit default swaps that nearly sank economies worldwide two years ago — Leland Teschler, Editor
The November World’s Smartest Design Engineer contest starts soon
Keep your eyes open for the November 3 issue of M ACHINE D ESIGN with our Fluid-Power Tech Guide and articles on mechanical, electrical/
electronics, advanced manufacturing and linear actuators.
Maybe there will be clues to answers to World’s Smartest questions
to help you in your quest!
RS# 106
OCTOBER 20, 2011
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RS# 109 RS# 108
OCTOBER 20, 2011 MACHINE Design.com
10
Trang 13Your Project Starts Here
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Trang 14www.superbolt.com 1-800-345-BOLT 1-412-279-1149 (USA)
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LETTERS
Such a reactor already exists It’s called a thorium reactor It was back-burnered because the government needed U-238 reactors that could produce plutonium for bombs — Leland Teschler
The entire country seems to be debating whether we need more government-run organizations or more private companies From my perspective, removing government intervention from the engineering and science communities in the
U S is a terrible idea Nowadays, most engineers or technologists work for institutions funded directly
or indirectly by the U S or a foreign
government And it’s not only fense industries that enjoy the fruits
de-of publicly funded science It’s pitals and medical-device compa-nies and drug companies and agri-culture and the construction trades The Internet backbone is the gov-ernment Most universities receive heavy public funding
hos-The demonization of ment inefficiency in every capacity has become more popular When you claim it’s smarter to choose pri-vate over public research, you have reduced a complex relationship into a political slogan Your slogan carries the same view as a procon-servative, pro-Tea Party, pro-GOP
govern-R&D ROI
Look at how badly the recent
eco-nomic stimulus failed (“Research
and the Debt-Ceiling Battle,” Aug
25) It seems there are just too
many regulations that get in the
way of opening or expanding a
manufacturing operation
That’s why so many companies
only want to write software or get
into financial services They can
hire a bunch of brains to work in
a clean office building No
regula-tions over emissions or waste
dis-posal, and no labor unions It’s just
easier to let other countries do the
manufacturing
As a thought experiment, imagine
our R&D came up with a new
nuclear-reactor design that would cost less to
build and be even safer and more
ef-ficient What U S community would
ever let you build it without five years
of environmental studies and
mil-lions of dollars in legal battles?
Hollie Josephs
RS# 112 RS# 111
OCTOBER 20, 2011 MACHINE Design.com
12
Trang 15Millions and Millions of Reasons
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RS# 113
Trang 16Seal and fasten in one step with a reusable,
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LETTERS
Where’s that six-cycle engine?
Why does no company build cycle engines? The extra two cycles would be used to pull in fresh air (no fuel) and then push any resid-ual unburned fuel out of the cylin-der This would let the next mix of fuel and air burn in a cleaner envi-ronment for more-efficient com-bustion It would also send more air through the exhaust to aid in pollution control
six-Such an engine in an in-line four-cylinder configuration would have a power pulse every 270° instead of every 180° This would give it a two-plane crankshaft in-stead of the single plane in con-ventional four-cycle engine, thus
it would be easier to balance I can think of other advantages too lengthy to explain in this letter The six- cycle engine was proposed in the 1930s, patented in the 1980s, and, to my knowledge, not even a
of funding goes toward defense R&D
So if you are arguing for more ment-funded R&D, you are basically arguing for a larger defense budget
govern-As I pointed out in the editorial, this kind of technology R&D does not greatly impact our day to day lives, though it certainly helps keep us free
There is also no correlation I can find between government R&D spending and the public’s well being
For example, right now in the U S., the Gerd/GDP ratio (Gross expendi-ture on research and development
as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product) funded by government is 0.76 and the unemployment rate is above 9% In Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong, the unemployment rate
is about 3.5% and the government funded Gerd/GDP ratios are 0.73, 0.69, and 0.25%, respectively
And please refresh my memory:
What government agency did Thomas Edison work for? — Leland Teschler
talking point, i.e., reduce the size
of government Technology is
ad-vancing at an unprecedented rate
because of government
interven-tion, not in spite of it
Most third-world countries have
virtually no government funded
research and I hardly consider that
a worthy model to embrace Your
article hints that the pie is only so
big, and if the government takes a
big piece, there’s a smaller piece left
for private research This is untrue
As the government’s role in
innova-tion increases at all levels, from
edu-cation to appliedu-cation to research,
so will private opportunities More
innovation, government or private
is a good thing It’s not one or the
other
Duncan MacIntosh
Private industry already funds over
70% of all U S R&D, according to the
National Science Foundation And
about half of the government’s share
RS# 115 RS# 114
OCTOBER 20, 2011 MACHINE Design.com
14
Trang 17BUILT-IN UNDER CUT
Huck-engineered to ensure a secure joint, even if hole or sealant
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RS# 116
Trang 18INDUSTRIAL ENCLOSURE HARDWARE
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If all of us parents quit sending our kids to alleged higher-education in-stitutions for just a couple of years, these institutions would be forced to clean up their act just like any poorly run business, or disappear And if our government totally stopped funding these universities and instead gave the money directly to the states and got out the alleged educational busi-nesses, then each state could deter-mine what educational criterion to establish Liberal arts people would gravitate towards Hollywood while engineers would gravitate towards the Midwest
John Berney
a “long time to decay in landfills,”
could be avoided by making it easy
to separate the large (and labeled) plastic parts and then recycle them
Tim Hunsdall
Degrees don’t really matterThe past few issues have chronicled many engineers talking back and forth about the merits of expensive educations and their real monetary value As the owner of a manufac-turing firm, when I hire someone,
do I really care if that individual has taken a bunch of classes that are not germane to what he or she will
be doing at my company?
If manufacturers paid attention
to hiring people for their firm’s specific needs and told local uni-versities and colleges in general what these needs are, the liberal arts half of college requirements could be dropped This could re-
prototype has been built
Don Norris
A greener vacuum cleaner
The best part of this vacuum cleaner
concept is its reuse of the
packag-ing (“Will This Cardboard Vacuum
Cleaner Suck Up the Dirt?” (Aug
25) Having a vacuum cleaner with
a cardboard body certainly catches
the attention, but wouldn’t it be a
lot more practical to keep the
pack-aging-as-product concept but make
the packaging out of something
more durable than cardboard, such
as corrugated plastic?
Fo r t h e s a k e o f d u ra b i l i t y,
wouldn’t it be better yet to design
the appliance for a 20-year life
in-stead of six months? Or maybe the
real aim here is to come up with a
vacuum cleaner you never have to
empty — just throw it away
And the objection given to
injec-tion-molded plastics, that they take
RS# 117
RS# 118 OCTOBER 20, 2011
MACHINE Design.com
16
Trang 19RS# 119
Trang 20SCANNING FOR IDEAS
WANT MORE?
Focus on this code image using your smartphone and free software from www.
neoreader.com and you will be connected to related content
on machinedesign.com http://tinyurl.com/4xttpe2
Edited by Stephen J Mraz
Flexible, thin keypad controls
Giving various users access to enclosures just got
easier, thanks to a flexible, membrane keypad
from Southco, Concordville, Pa (www.southco.
com) It holds up to 120 different user codes
and can independently control keyless access
to two enclosures The keypad is made of a
thin, flexible textured polyester film with
switches and LEDs enclosed in it Customers
can specify any size, shape, or color keypad
Pressure-sensitive tape on the back of the
membrane lets users stick the keypad to
doors, frames, or any other flat surface
The keypad is powered by 12 to 24 Vdc
and 10 mA In standby, it draws only
30 μA The keypad sends matrix outputs
to an external controller
RS# 401
Power supply
Latch 1 Latch 2 Control box
Flexible keypad
Keypad installs vertically or horizontally
Lock key relocks doors Clear key
deletes previous keystrokes Status keys
OCTOBER 20, 2011 MACHINE Design.com
18
Trang 21RS# 120
Trang 22SCANNING FOR IDEAS
WANT MORE?
Focus on this code image using your smartphone and free software from www neoreader.com and you will be connected to related content
on machinedesign.com http://tinyurl.com/3rx5znr
fasten large-diameter bolts
It can be difficult to properly fasten
bolts larger than 1 in in diameter
because strength increases with the
square of the diameter while the torque
needed to attach them increases with
the third power So these large bolts
cannot be torqued with hand tools But
torquing them with slugging, crane, or
hydraulic wrenches can be expensive,
time consuming, and dangerous
Multi-jackbolt tensioners (MJTs) from
Super-bolt, Carnegie, Pa (www.superbolt.com),
offer an alternative
MJTs can be installed using standard
torque wrenches or air tools, and
sev-eral technicians can work on the same
MJT to speed assembly The tensisoners
won’t loosen when properly installed,
despite vibrations, pulsations, and
into and protects the bearing surface of the equipment
be-ing worked on The tensioner body is screwed hand-tight
onto the stud/bolt Jackbolts are then tightened with a
handheld torque wrench or air tool This pushes the nut
body away from the washer, generating tension on the
bolt and stretching the main thread
RS# 402
reciprocating loads They
can also be installed in
cramped, awkward spaces,
such as on top of heavy
equipment The MJTs apply
predictable loads, which
can be critical for sensitive
application such as
gas-keted flanges The
elastic-ity of the MJTs lets them
be used on joints subject
to thermal and dynamic
cycling And because the
bolt is held in pure tension,
there is no thread galling or
stud seizure
An MJT consists of a
round, toroidal nut body with threads on
the inside that match the stud/bolt being
tightened A series of holes drilled and
tapped for hardened jackbolts circle the
top of the nut body and pass all the way
through it, top to bottom When installing
an MJT, a hardened washer goes over the
bolt, rod, shaft, or stud being tightened It
gives the jackbolts a hard surface to press
Jackbolts can be tightened with a standard torque wrench.
Jackbolts compressive strength lets them have small friction diameters but create high thrust forces with relatively little torque.
Hardened washer transfers force while protecting flange face and casing.
The thrust force of several jackbolts and the opposite reaction force
of the main bolt head put a strong clamping force on the flange.
The thrust force from the jackbolts creates
an equally strong reaction force
in the main bolt head Main bolt
OCTOBER 20, 2011 MACHINE Design.com
20
Trang 23RS# 121
Trang 24REPORTER’S NOTEBOOK
IR camouflage lets
tanks hide in plain sight
An IR camouflage scheme developed at the armored-vehicle arm of
BAE Systems in Sweden lets tanks and other armored vehicles look
like Toyota pickup trucks or blend into the background of trees and
bushes — at least, that is, to someone trying to locate or target them
using IR detectors The system, named Adaptiv, consists of an array of
metal hexagonal plates that attaches to the outside of the vehicle Each
panel has its own semiconductor-based cooling and heating At the flick
of a switch, the panels activate and can be programmed to mimic the IR
signature of a variety of different vehicles or natural objects IR images of
vegetation or rocks are available from mission libraries stored onboard
that cover desert, urban, and other terrains The system also has a
“grab-and-copy” feature that lets operators copy the thermal signature of a
nearby vehicle or the surrounding countryside Moreover, Adaptiv can
be scaled to work on aircraft, ships, and even buildings
war-On an Adaptiv system sized for a battle tank, hexagons are about 5.5-in across About 450 are affixed to each side of the tank and its turret Together, they can realistically imitate other ve-hicles and objects when viewed through IR detectors from a range of 900 to 1,200 ft The image can be resized to fool ob-servers sitting nearer or farther
A concept vehicle from BAE systems, a tank nicknamed the Ghost, carries Adaptiv IR camouflaging hexagons that let it hide from hostile forces using IR detectors.
OCTOBER 20, 2011 MACHINE Design.com
22
Trang 25ies might find it most useful for distinguishing friendly units from hostile ones on the battlefield.This could be done by making the panels create easily read pat-terns or alphanumerics, or more subtly, by emitting a specific sig-nature that lets the vehicle stay hidden from the enemy but lets friendly forces identify it MD
coverage against small arms The panels use relatively little electri-cal power, which the tank can easily provide, especially when standing still
Although Adaptiv provides camouflage against IR and has been modified to provide cover
in other segments of the tromagnetic spectrum, militar-
elec-away A warship, for example,
would not need close-up stealth,
so it could be fitted with larger
hexagons
The system carries
self-diag-nostics, and faulty or damaged
hexagons can be replaced quickly
in the field And the hexagons can
be made strong enough to
pro-vide additional armor protection
to make it look like a small station wagon to a person looking through
an IR detector.
OCTOBER 20, 2011 MACHINE Design.com 23
Trang 26REPORTER’S NOTEBOOK
driven techniques with direct modeling that chronizes geometry and design rules to provide a history-free, feature-based 3D CAD package
syn-The original Solid Edge models the designers are now modifying were created using the history-based approach But this poses no interoperability problems “Synchronous technology lets Solid Edge work with history-based models, no matter what CAD software was used,” says Director of R&D at Edison2, Brad Jaeger As an example of how the team used synchronous technology, Jaeger points
to changes they made to the brakes “We wanted to make the rotor bigger and thicker,” he says “We cre-ated a few live sections, which let users edit 3D mod-els using 2D cross sections, place critical dimensions, and modify the part All of this took about 2 minutes Because the rotor is part of an interlinked assembly, associated components updated automatically Without synchronous technology, we might have had to redesign the entire brake system.”
Synchronous technology was also used to strengthen the frame “To build a car that meets, passes, and exceeds FMVSS crash-test standards, we’re developing a frame that absorbs more energy,” says Jaeger “This is an iterative process and synchro-nous technology lets us make changes quickly and easily We can then simulate the updated design us-ing nonlinear finite-element analysis and make addi-tional design changes based on those results.” MD
concept car that
won the $5
Software helps extend X-prize
winning concept car
into production
The 830-lb concept car can carry four passengers
and cargo Edison2 designed components for
sim-plicity, strength, and low weight For example, brake
calipers usually weigh several pounds Those on the
concept car are less than a pound And the lug nuts
weigh only 0.2 oz, as compared to 1 oz for
conven-tional nuts
The car has a superlow coefficient of drag At
GM’s Chelsea Proving Grounds, the car had the best
results ever recorded for a coast-down test, which
is a way of evaluating drag and includes rolling
resistance The car’s fuel-mileage ratings, as
deter-mined by the X Prize Foundation and confirmed by
Argonne National Labs using standard EPA
test-ing protocols, are 129.6 MPGe on the highway and
110.8 MPGe in combined city and highway driving
The vehicle also has the lowest greenhouse-gas
emissions (82.6 gm CO2/mile) of all contest entries,
including electric and hybrid vehicles
Edison2 expects to equal these results in its
follow-on design Called the Very Light Car, it is more
consumer friendly than the concept car For
ex-ample, it sports larger doors and wheels, and
more-powerful brakes According to designers,
modifica-tions have gone faster than expected because the
company has since upgraded to Solid Edge with
synchronous technology, provided by Siemens PLM
Software, Plano, Tex., which combines
constraint-The next-generation Very Light Car was designed in Solid Edge
to be more consumer-friendly The wheels were placed outside of the car body to increase stability and to reduce weight.
Resources:
Edison2, www.edison2.com
MACHINE DESIGN.com,
2011-01-13A
http://tinyurl.com/MD-XPrize-Siemens PLM Software, www.
siemens.com/solidedge
RS# 406
OCTOBER 20, 2011 MACHINE Design.com
24
Trang 27Build the Perfect
Beast of a Line
when you partnerwith VisumaticFastening Components
unmatched Human Touch
customer service.
Smarter Machines from Creative Engineers for Smart Machine Builders
THE VNPD NUT POWER DRIVER
Feed and Install Nutrunner Package for Machine Builders Robot or Weldment Mount
Superconductivity for wind turbines?
The Dept of Energy recently
funded a project with Advanced
Magnet Lab, Palm Beach, Fla.,
to develop a superconducting
direct-drive generator for large
wind turbines The generator will
use superconducting wires in the
windings and be cryogenically
cooled This will eliminate the
need for a gearbox, one of the
tur-bine’s heaviest components, which
usually must be lifted by crane
into the turbine nacelle
Eliminat-ing the gearbox could let smaller
turbines generate as much power
as larger units because higher
tur-bine power ratings traditionally have demanded bigger gearboxes
And superconductive wiring will lead to smaller, lighter generators The
zero-resistance wirings should boost efficiency and make for
more-reliable generators, once cryogenic issues are properly addressed The
company will work with engineers at Argonne National Laboratory who
have experience in cryogenics and large-scale simulations MD
Resources:
Advanced Magnet Lab,
www.magnetlab.com
Argonne National Laboratory,www.anl.gov
RS# 122
OCTOBER 20, 2011 MACHINE Design.com 25
Trang 28Smal Size Big Stpig Powe.
Need more lateral stopping power, but don’t have the space? Nason thought
you might This compact, SC series stop cylinder is the most powerful pneumatic
cylinder available in its size With five bore sizes available, piston position sensing,
side or face mounting, a selection of mounting flanges, as well as a variety of
customizable stroke and rod options, you’re guaranteed a perfect fit for each
application Think smaller, stronger and smarter Think Nason
800.229.4955 • www.nasonptc.com
REPORTER’S NOTEBOOK
Energy efficiency comes to
computer memories
Researchers at Purdue University have devised a new
type of memory chip, the FeTRAM, that could be faster
than current commercial versions and use far less power
than Flash-memory
de-vices The new approach
builds a ferroelectric
transistor by combining
silicon nanowires with
a ferroelectric polymer,
a material that switches
polarity when an electric
field is applied
The device resembles
FeRAMs, which are in
commercial use But
un-like FeRAMs, the new
FeTRAM devices will
feature nondestructive
readout, which means
they won’t lose memory
contents when they’re
read That’s because they
use a ferroelectric
transis-tor instead of a capacitransis-tor
to store information
The FeTRAM
(ferroelec-tric-transistor
random-access memory) should
use 99% less energy than
Flash-memory devices
once it is properly scaled When it is improved, researchers
hope the FeTRAM will be faster than SRAM The new
tech-nology is compatible with current semiconductor
manu-facturing processes developed to make complimentary
metal oxide semiconductors, or CMOS MD
Memory transistor
Si nanowire
BG
OCTOBER 20, 2011 MACHINE Design.com
26
Trang 29WHAT WE BRING TOGETHER
IS WHAT SETS US APART
You’re looking for proven solutions for your
auto-mation requirements Distribution boxes Gateways
Network I/Os Or modular wiring systems We
provide a complete suite of Brad automation
prod-ucts for connectivity, communications, control and
power All bundled together to deliver the right tions for your needs every time With us, you know you’re getting products known for their innovative designs, reliability in harsh environments and world- wide reputation for setting the standard.
Trang 30Enclosures from XS to 3XL
REPORTER’S NOTEBOOK
that powers either the rear wheels or the pro-pellers on the tail’s hor-izontal stabilizer and wings Additionally, the engines power a gen-erator For extra power on takeoffs and in emergency situations, the craft has 0.6-kW-hr of lithium bat-teries in the nose of each fuselage
as well They are recharged when the Bipod is cruising
The vehicle’s center of gravity was optimized for stability during ground operations So to make
The last aircraft designed by Burt Rutan,
founder and CTO of Scaled Composites,
Mojave, Calif., appears to be the Bipod, a
hybrid gas-electric plane that can also be
driven on roads and highways like a car
Rutan has since retired from the company,
but not before designing almost two dozen aircraft
Among those aircraft were the Voyager, the first plane
to circle the world on a single tank of gas, and
Space-ShipOne, the suborbital spaceplane which earned
the Ansari X-Prize in 2004 for being the first privately
funded spacecraft to reach space twice within a
two-week period
The 1,430-lb Bipod consists of two fuselages, each
with a cockpit, connected by 31-ft 10-in wing and
plat-form with low
drag Each
fuse-lage also carries
Trang 31it easier for the plane to rotate and go airborne, air is
blown over the horizontal stabilizer The plane also
uses an electrical transmission so either engine can
power either propeller without using mechanical
shafts and gearboxes
The plane has undergone preliminary testing, but
has yet to be outfitted with propellers or the motors for
them When completed, the Bipod should cruise at 100
mph and have an airborne range of 760 miles It can
also fly at 200 mph, but that cuts the range to 530 miles
On the road, Bipod should be able to travel 820 miles
on both a full tank of gas (18 gallons) and fully charged
batteries, or 35 miles on batteries alone MD
Cold-seal packaging protects toothbrush shield
Engineers at E4
Technolo-gies in Vero Beach, Fla.,
developed Intellident, a quick-drying shield that covers the head of a tooth-brush to block microbes and wick moisture away from the bristles Then they turned to material
experts at Fabrico,
Ken-nesaw, Ga., to develop an economical package for it
The result was a two-piece package made of a pair of cold-seal sheets (Cold-seal materials are pressure-sensitive adhesives that only bond to themselves
at room temperature der slight pressure.) The sheets were printed with information, squeezed together in a rotary press
un-to create a package, then die cut un-to the final shape The collaboration between the two companies also led to E4’s using Fabrico’s ultrasound welding to manufacture Intellident shields MD
Resources:
Fabrico, www.fabrico.com
RS# 407
The Bipod got airborne during ground handling and taxi tests,
though it does not have the four 32-in propellers or electric
motors for them mounted on it yet.
RS# 125
Trang 32“Innovation distinguishes between
a leader and a follower.”
- Steve Jobs
As the leading manufacturer of OEM pumps and compressors, our innovation in design and technology has helped our customers create new innovative products and become leaders
in their marketplace
For more information on how Thomas innovation can help you lead your industry, go to
gd-thomas.com/md10
Improving Lives through Innovation TM
RS# 126
Trang 33Improving Lives through Innovation TM
• Die-Cast aluminum parts for durability
• Maximum pressure – 150 psi/10.4 bar
• Maximum vacuum – 93% local barometer
• 12V or 24V with dryer/solenoid option
For more information on the innovative 319 Series DC pump,
go to gd-thomas.com/md10.
REPORTER’S NOTEBOOK
Gemini to the rescue in
mine disasters
Engineers at Sandia National Laboratory have
developed a scout robot nicknamed Gemini that
could aid in rescuing miners trapped by
cave-ins or other disasters It can navigate through
18 in of standing water, crawl over boulders and
piles of rubble, and gather information that will
help rescuers plan their operations For example, it carries gas senors
that detect whether the air is breathable, a thermal camera that can
locate survivors, and a pan-and-tilt camera mounted high enough to see
obstacles and pitfalls ahead
The robot measures 2-ft high and a little under 4-ft long Tracked
wheels let it turn on a dime in tight situations and climb over foot-tall
safety hatches common in underground mines The robot can carry food,
air packs, and medicine to trapped miners
A two-way radio
on the robot lets rescuers commu-nicate with those trapped under-ground The ro-bot is also pow-erful enough to pull a survivor to safety
To ensure the robot is easy to control, the Sandia team made its controls from an Xbox
360 game troller They even copied many
con-of the common game interfaces
so rescuers can learn to control it quickly
Although targeted at mining disasters, the Gemini robot could also find use in earthquakes, fires, and other catastrophes MD
Resources:
Sandia National Laboratory, www.
sandia.gov
RS# 127 OCTOBER 20, 2011
Trang 34To request a free evaluation board go to:
Avago Technologies, an industry leader in IGBT Gate Drive technology solutions introduces our Next Generation series!
Based on BCDMOS technology Avago can deliver higher peak output current, better rail-to-rail output voltage performance and faster speed than previous generation products The increased drive and speed along with the very high CMR (common mode rejection) and isolation voltage will enable you to build more efficient and reliable motor drive and power conversion systems In addition the SO6 package which is up to 50%
smaller than conventional DIP packages
Technology You Can Trust
2 Times Faster, 50% Smaller, True Rail-to-Rail Output Voltage IGBT Gate Drives
t 40%-50% smaller than DIP package for space and cost savings
Trang 35Optoisolation and
Optical Sensor Products
Selection Guide
7th Edition
Trang 36Avago Optocoupler Solutions
for Your Application!
Make Your Design Easy with Avago Optocouplers
Avago Technologies Optocouplers offer optical isolation solutions to many industrial, consumer, military, and aerospace applications
Let us know your design requirements and we can support you with reference designs, system block diagrams, evaluation boards, training, product selection guidance and technical support
Contact your Avago sales representatives now!
1
Trang 37Avago Optocoupler – Part Number & Package Nomenclature
ACNWxxxx / HCNRxxx / HCNWxxxx 8-pin DIP 400mil Widebody
ACPL-xxxJ / HCPL-xxxJ 16-pin (DTI ≥ 0.5mm) Jade Surface Mount (SO16)
ACPL-Mxxx / HCPL-Mxxx 5-pin Mini-Flat Surface Mount (SO5)
ACPL-0xxx / HCPL-0xxx 8-pin Surface Mount (SO8)
ACPL-Wxxx / ACPL-Pxxx 6-pin Stretched Surface Mount (SS06)
ACPL-Cxxx / ACPL-Hxxx /ACPL-Kxxx 8-pin Stretched Surface Mount (SSO8)
ACPL-xxxL / HCPL-xxxL 3.3V Supply Voltage
ACPL-xxxx / ACPL-Txxx / HCPL-xxxx 8-pin DIP 300mil
ACSL-6xxx 8-pin and 16-pin Narrowbody Surface Mount (S08/S016)
ACML-xxxx 16-pin Widebody Surface Mount (SO16) digital isolator
DTI = Distance through insulation
Phototransistor Optocoupler – Ordering Information
Photo MOSFET – Ordering Information
1 – SO4 (full-pitch, DC input)
3 – SO4 (full-pitch, AC input)
Avago Coupler
Standard Prefi x
Platform Type
SSR = Solid State Relay
Withstand Voltage Group
Current Rating Group
Regulatory Standards Options
0 = UL1577 and CSA (Default)
2 = UL1577 with 5kV (for High current parts only) 6* = IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-2/5
Packaging Options
0 = Tube
50 units per tube for DIP/SO8 package
100 units per tube for SO4 package
3 = Gullwing Surface Mount for DIP package
50 units per tube
Viorm = 630V Peak Option (for DIP package) Viorm = 560V Peak Option (for SO4 package)
5 = Tape and Reel
1000 units per reel for DIP package
1500 units per reel for SO4/SO8 package
0 = Connection A (AC/DC)
1 = Additional Connection B (DC only)
8 = Standard Product Family, Connection A
9 = Standard Product Family, Additional Connection B
Trang 383.3V/5V Family (15/25 MBd High Speed Digital CMOS Optocoupler)
V I mA F(on) Min.
Max Data Rate MBd Min.
t PLH
ns Max.
t PHL
ns Max.
PWD
ns Max.
t PSK
ns Max.
Single Channel LED Input
ACPL-071L-000E SO8 3.3/5 10 15 40 40 25 30 10000 1000 3750 560* ACPL-W70L-000E Stretched SO6 3.3/5 4 15 55 55 25 40 10000 1000 5000 1140* ACPL-M75L-000E SO5 3.3/5 4 15 55 55 25 40 10000 1000 3750 560*
Dual Channel LED Input
ACPL-074L-000E SO8 3.3/5 10 15 40 40 25 30 10000 1000 3750 560* ACPL-K73L-000E Stretched SO8 3.3/5 4 15 55 55 25 40 10000 1000 5000 1140* Notes: * - with IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-2 Option 060, # - with UL 5000V RMS /1 minute Option 020.
Multi-Channel Bi-Directional Digital Optocoupler Product Selection
Direction Reverse Direction
I F(on)
mA Min.
t PLH
ns Max.
t PLH
ns Max.
PWD
ns Max.
t PSK
ns Max.
V CC
V Min.
V CC
V Max.
V/μs (Min.)
V CM V
ACSL-6210-00RE SO8 2 1 1 7 100 100 35 40 3 5.5 10000 1000 2500 560* ACSL-6400-00TE SO16 4 4 0 7 100 100 35 40 3 5.5 10000 1000 2500 560* ACSL-6410-00TE SO16 4 3 1 7 100 100 35 40 3 5.5 10000 1000 2500 560* ACSL-6420-00TE SO16 4 2 2 7 100 100 35 40 3 5.5 10000 1000 2500 560* ACSL-6310-00TE SO16 3 2 1 7 100 100 35 40 3 5.5 10000 1000 2500 560* ACSL-6300-00TE SO16 3 3 0 7 100 100 35 40 3 5.5 10000 1000 2500 560* Notes: * - with IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-2/5 Option 060.
High Speed Digital CMOS Logic Gate Optocoupler Product Selection
V
I F(on)
mA Min.
Max Data Min.
t PLH
ns Max.
t PHL
ns Max.
PWD
ns Max.
t PSK
ns Max.
Trang 39Plastic Optocouplers
10 MBd Logic Gate Optocoupler Product Selection
V I mA F(on) Min.
t PLH
ns Max.
t PHL
ns Max.
PWD
ns Max.
t PSK
ns Max.
(Min.)
V CM V
Single Channel
ACPL-W60L-000E Stretched SO6 3.3/5 5 90 75 25 40 15000 1000 5000 1140* ACPL-P611-000E Stretched SO6 5 5 100 100 35 40 10000 1000 5000 891* ACPL-W611-000E Stretched SO6 5 5 100 100 35 40 10000 1000 5000 1140* 6N137 300 mil DIP8 5 5 100 100 35 40 1000 10 3750/5000# 630* HCNW137 400 mil DIP8 5 5 100 100 40 40 5000 1000 5000 1414 HCNW2601 400 mil DIP8 5 5 100 100 40 40 10000 1000 5000 1414 HCNW2611 400 mil DIP8 5 5 100 100 40 40 15000 1000 5000 1414 HCPL-060L SO8 3.3/5 5 90 75 25 40 15000 1000 3750 560* HCPL-260L 300 mil DIP8 3.3/5 5 90 75 25 40 15000 1000 3750/5000# 630*
HCPL-0601 SO8 5 5 100 100 35 40 15000 1000 3750 560* HCPL-0611 SO8 5 5 100 100 35 40 15000 1000 3750 560* HCPL-2601 300 mil DIP8 5 5 100 100 35 40 10000 1000 3750/5000# 630* HCPL-2611 300 mil DIP8 5 5 100 100 35 40 15000 1000 3750/5000# 630* HCPL-261A 300 mil DIP8 5 3 100 100 45 60 1000 50 3750/5000# 630* HCPL-261N 300 mil DIP8 5 3 100 100 45 60 1000 1000 3750/5000# 630* HCPL-7601 300 mil DIP8 5 2 100 120 55 75 1000 50 3750/5000# 630* HCPL-7611 300 mil DIP8 5 2 100 120 55 75 10000 1000 3750/5000# 630* ACPL-M60L-000E SO5 3.3/5 5 90 75 25 40 15000 1000 3750 560* ACPL-M61U-000E SO5 5 5 100 100 35 40 15000 1000 3750 –
HCPL-0631 SO8 5 5 100 100 35 40 10000 1000 3750 560* HCPL-0661 SO8 5 5 100 100 35 40 15000 1000 3750 560* HCPL-263A 300 mil DIP8 5 3 100 100 45 60 1000 50 3750/5000# 630* HCPL-263L 300 mil DIP8 3.3/5 5 90 75 25 40 15000 1000 3750/5000# 630* HCPL-263N 300 mil DIP8 5 3 100 100 45 60 15000 1000 3750/5000# 630* HCPL-2630 300 mil DIP8 5 5 100 100 35 40 5000 1000 3750/5000# 630* HCPL-2631 300 mil DIP8 5 5 100 100 35 40 10000 1000 3750/5000# 630* HCPL-4661 300 mil DIP8 5 5 100 100 35 40 15000 1000 3750/5000# 630* Notes: * - with IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-2/5 Option 060, # - with UL 5000V RMS /1 minute Option 020, ^ - Advanced information, may subject to changes.
20 MBd Logic Gate Optocoupler Product Selection
mA Min.
t PLH
ns Max.
t PLH
ns Max.
PWD
ns Max.
t PSK
ns Max.
V/μs (Min.)
V CM V
Single Channel
HCPL-2400 300 mil DIP8 4 60 60 25 35 1000 300 3750 630*
Dual Channel
HCPL-2430 300 mil DIP8 4 60 60 25 35 1000 300 3750 630* Notes: * - with IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-2/5 Option 060
Trang 405 MBd Logic Gate Optocoupler Product Selection
mA Min.
t PLH
μs Max.
t PHL
μs Max.
Dual Channel
HCPL-2232 300 mil DIP8 1.8 0.3 0.3 10000 1000 3750 – Note: * - with IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-2/5 Option 060
Plastic Optocouplers
8 MBd Logic Gate Optocoupler Product Selection
mA Min.
t PLH
μs Max.
t PHL
μs Max.
3.3V/5V Family (10 MBd CMOS Optocoupler)
V
I F(on)
mA Min.
Max
Data Rate MBd Min.
t PLH
ns Max.
t PHL
ns Max.
PWD
ns Max.
t PSK
ns Max.
Dual Channel LED Input
ACPL-064L-000E SO8 3.3/5 1.6 10 80 80 30 30 20000 1000 3750 560* ACPL-K64L-000E Stretched SO8 3.3/5 1.6 10 80 80 30 30 20000 1000 5000 1140* Notes: * - with IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-2 Option 060, # - with UL 5000V RMS /1 minute Option 020, ^ - Advanced Information, may subject to changes