CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP KHễNG THAY ĐỔI THè ĐỘNG TỪ TRONG CÂU GIÁN TIẾP- Nếu động từ ở mệnh đề giới thiệu được dựng ở thỡ hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc tương lai đơn,
Trang 1CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP KHễNG THAY ĐỔI THè ĐỘNG TỪ TRONG CÂU GIÁN TIẾP
- Nếu động từ ở mệnh đề giới thiệu được dựng ở thỡ hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc tương lai đơn, thỡ của động từ trong cõu giỏn tiếp vẫn khụng thay đổi
Eg: He says/ he is saying/ he has said/ he will say, “the text is difficult”.
→ He says/ is saying/ has said/ will say (that) the text is difficult
- Khi cõu núi trực tiếp thể hiện một chõn lý
Eg: My teacher said “The sun rises in the East”
→ My teacher said (that) the sun rises in the East
- Nếu lỳc tường thuật, điểm thời gian được đưa ra trong lời núi giỏn tiếp vẫn chưa qua
Eg: He said, “ I will come to your house tomorrow”
→ He said (that) he will come to my house tomorrow
- Cõu trực tiếp cú dạng cõu điều kiện loại 2 hoặc loại 3:
Eg: He said; “If I knew her address, I would write to her”
→ He said that he would write to her If he knew her address
Eg: She said, “If I had enough money, I would buy a new bicycle.”
→ She said (that) if she had enough money, she would buy a new bicycle
Eg: The teacher said, “If John had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his exam.”
→ The teacher said (that) if John had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his exam
- Khụng thay đổi thỡ của mệnh đề sau “As if/ as though/ wish, It’s (high/ about) time, would rather/ sooner
Eg: He said; “I wish I had a lot of money” → He wishes (that) he had a lot of money
Eg: She said; “It’s about time you went to bed; children”
→ She told her children that It’s about time they went to bed
Eg: She said; “I would rather you stayed at home”
→ She said that she would rather I stayed at home
- Khụng thay đổi thỡ của: Could, would, might, should, ought to, had better, need
- Động từ trong cõu núi trực tiếp cú năm xỏc định:
Eg: He said, “I was born in 1980”
→ he said that he was born in 1980
- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian trong cõu phức cú thỡ quỏ khứ đơn và quỏ khứ tiếp diễn
Eg: “I saw him when he was going to the cinema”
She said she saw him when she was going to the cinema
CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT KHÁC
A Cú thể dựng cấu trỳc whether + to V sau cỏc động từ wonder; want to know:
Ex: “Shall I wait for them or go on ?”, he wondered.
He wondered whether to wait for them or go on
He wondered whether he should wait for them or go on
+ “whether” cũn thường được dựng trong cỏc cõu cú mệnh đề điều kiện
Ex: “If you get the job, will you move to New York ?”, Bill asked
Bill asked whether if I got the job, I would move to New York
B Trong trờng hợp câu trực tiếp có cả câu trần thuật lẫn câu hỏi thì khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp, phần nào vẫn cứ đổi theophần ấy.
Trang 2Ex: He said, “I have left my watch at home Can you tell me the time ?”.
He said that he had left his watch at home and asked me if I could tell him the time
C Mệnh lệnh
+ Động từ tờng thuật là: ordered, commanded (ra lệnh), requested, asked (yêu cầu), told (bảo làm )
+ Bỏ please trong cõu trực tiếp đi
S + asked/told/ordered/requested… + O + (not) to V
Eg: “Please wait for a minute.” The man asked me
The man asked me to wait for a minute
He said to the waiter, “ Please bring me some hot water.”
He told to the waiter to bring him some hot water
I said to her “ Don’t shut the window, please.”
I asked her not to shut the window
D Cõu cảm thỏn trong lời núi giỏn tiếp: (Exclamationin reported speech)
- Động từ tường thuật là: exclaim (cảm thỏn ) /shout (hột lờn)
Ex: He said, “ What a lovely garden” -> He exclaimed that they had a lovely garden
- Cỏc hỡnh thức cảm thỏn bắt đầu bằng “what’ và “how” chuyển sang giỏn tiếp bằng:
S + said that + it was … / hoặc S + exclaimed that it was …
Eg1: She said; “What a pity!” -> She exclaimed that it was a pity
Eg2: I said; “What a nice horse” -> I exclaimed that it was a nice hoese
Eg3: He said; “How beautiful she is!”-> He exclaimed that she was beautiful!
Eg4: “What a big egg” he said -> He said that it was a big egg
Eg5: “ How beautiful!” he said -> He exclaimed that it was beautiful
E Đề nghị, mệnh lệnh, ý định, lời hứa, lời yêu cầu,
a Đề nghị, lời mời:
-> S + invited/offered + O + to V
Ex: He said, “Would you like to go out for a drink?”
-> He invited me to go out for a drink
She said to me; “How about some coffee”
-> She invited me some coffee
* Ta sử dụng “ Would you like to V / How about …/ Why don’t you + … để mời
Eg: Why don’t you come to my village to have a day off?
* Để đề nghị: - Would you like me to V (Bạn cú muốn tụi…?)
- Shall I / Can I…? Could I …? (Liệu tụi cú thể…?)
- I’ll … if you like (Tụi sẽ…nếu bạn muốn)
Eg: Can I help you with the dishes? Shall I shut the door?
Would you like a drink? Would you like to come for a meal?
b Yờu cầu: (động từ tường thuật ask)
* Ta thường dựng Could you….? , Can you …? Would you mind …? Hoặc cõu mệnh lệnh để yờu cầu
“Would you mind closing the door?” → he asked me to close the door
Can you close the door? Close the door ,please
* Khi đũi hỏi/yờu cầu được cú thứ gỡ thường núi
“I’d like…” “Can I have…?” “Could I have…?”
khi chuyển sang giỏn tiếp ta ỏp dụng cấu trỳc S + asked + O1 (người) + for + O2 (vật)
Ex: In a restaurant, the man said; “I’d like a bottle of red wine, please”
Trang 3-> The man asked for a bottle of red wine
c Khuyờn bảo:
*Lời khuyên thờng bắt đầu bằng:
- You should / You ought to V
- If I were you/ If I were in your place/shoes , I would/ should … (Cõu ĐK loại 2 với ý nghĩa lời khuyờn)
- You had better …
- Why don’t you …
-> S + advised + O + to V …
Eg: Why don’t you repaint our room? →She advised me to repaint their room.
d Lời nhắc nhở
Remember to V! hoặc Don’t for get to V (Hóy nhớ phải…/Đừng quờn phải…)
-> S + reminded + O + to V
Ex: She said to me; “Don’t forget to ring me up tomorrow evening”
-> She reminded me to ring her up the bext eveining
e Sự đồng ý về quan điểm như: all right, yes, of course
S + agreed + to V…
Ex: “All right, I’ll wait for you” he said
-> He agreed to wait for me
f Caõu trửùc tieỏp dieón taỷ ủieàu mong muoỏn nhử: S + would like + O + to V hoặc mệnh đề dựng wish ở tương lai
S + wanted + O + to V…
Ex: “I’d like Lan to become a doctor / I wish Lan would become a doctor.”
-> My mum wanted Lan to become a doctor
g Từ chối : S + refused + to V …
Eg: ‘No, I won’t lend you my car”
-> He refused to lend me his car
h Lời hứa: Thỡ Tương lai đơn và cõu cú sắc thỏi lời hứa.
-> S + promised to V…
Eg: ‘I’ll send you a card on your birthday”
-> He promised to send me a card on my birthday
i Đe dọa: Tương lai đơn với ý nghĩa đe dọa
-> S + threatened + to V
“I’ll kill you” -> He threatened to kill me
j Thỳc giục: Mệnh lệnh mang ý nghĩa giục gió
Hurry up! Be quick!
-> She urged me to hurry up/ She urged me to be quick.
-> S + urged + to V
*** Nhiều trường hợp khỏc sử dụng S + V + To V là: refuse (từ chối) demand (yờu cầu); guarantee (đảm bảo); hope (hi vọng); propose (đề nghị); swear (thề),….
6 Reported speech with gerund: (cõu giỏn tiếp với DANH ĐỘNG TỪ - V_ING)
- Khi lời núi giỏn tiếp là lời gợi ý (suggest), chỳc mừng (congratulate), cảm ơn (thank), xin lỗi (regret) phủ định (deny) thừa nhận (admit)
A, Lời đề nghị, gợi ý
Trang 4Shall we V/ What about V-ing/ How about V-ing/ Let’s V/ Why don’t we V / It’s a good idea
-> S + suggested + (not) + V-ing … (cả người nĩi và người nghe cùng thực hiện hành động) -> S1 + suggested + That + S2 + (should) + V (cĩ thể gợi ý cùng làm hoặc gợi ý cho riêng ai -> Cĩ thể cĩ should hoặc khơng cĩ, nhưng V luơn là nguyên thể)
Eg: Let's go outside
-> She suggested going outside/ She suggested that they should go outside
B Tố cáo, buộc tội: -> Dựa vào ý nghĩa của câu
Ex: “You took some of my money,” he said
-> He accused me of taking some of his money.
“You stole my car!” -> He accused me of stealing his car.
C Mơ ước:
Để thể hiện lời ước dùng ước trong tương lai hoặc cấu trúc “I want to…”
S + dreamed + of + V-ing…
Ex: “I want to pass the exam with flying colours,” John said
-> John dreamed of passing the exam with flying colours.
D Sự chấp nhận/thừa nhận
S + admitted + v-ing…
Detective: You have stolen Mrs Brown’s car!
The thief: Yes…! But…
-> The thief admitted stealing/having stolen Mrs Brown’s car
E Sự mong đợi (áp dụng cấu trúc sau)
S + looked forward to + v-ing…
Ex: “Mr.Smith: I feel like meeting our children soon” Mrs Smith: I think so
-> Mr and Mrs Smith looked forward to meeting their children soon
Các trường hợp khác: object to (phản đối), insist on (khăng khăng), complain about (phàn nàn),
* Động từ tường thuật + O + prep + V-ing…
thank O for, accuse O of (buộc tội), congratulate O on (chúc mừng), apologize (to O) for, warn
O against (cảnh báo), prevent/stop O from(ngăn cản,) blame O for (đổ lỗi), blame + N + on +
O (đổ việc gì cho ai); insist on (khăng khăng)
a Cảm ơn.
S + thanked + O + for Ving
Ex1: “It was nice of you to help me Thank you very much,” Tom said to you
-> Tom thanked me for helping him.
b Chúc mừng
S + congratulated + O + on + v-ing
Ex: John said, “I heard you received the scholarship Congratulations!”
-> John congratulated me on receiving the scholarship.
c Cương quyết, khăng khăng:
S + insisted + on + v-ing…
Ex: “I’ll help you with your physics exercise,” Peter said to Susan
-> Peter insisted on helping Susan with her physics exercise.
d Cảnh báo, ngăn cản: Lời cảnh báo như : be careful, be dangerous
a S + warned + O + (not) to V hoặc S + warned + O + against + V-ing …
Trang 5ex1: “Be careful of strangers and don’t go out at night”; he said
-> He warned us to be careful strangers and not to out at night
Ex2: “Don’t stay at the near the airport,” I said to Ann
-> I warned Ann against staying at the hotel near the airport
Ex3: “Don’t go out alone at night,” I said to Linda
-> I warned Linda agaisnt going out alone at night.
e Ngăn cản: S + prevented/ stopped + O + from + v-ing…
Ex1: “Stay here! I can’t let you go out tonight,” her mother said to Jane
-> Her mother prevented Jane from going out that night
Ex2: “Sit here I can’t let you stand all the time,” Mary said to me
-> Mary prevented me from standing all the time.
f Xin lỗi
S + apologised + for (not) Ving/S + apologised + to O + for (not) Ving
Ex2: “I’m sorry I’m late,” Peter said to his friends
-> Peter apologised to his friends for being late.
* câu ghép 2 mệnh lệnh “V! Don’t V!” Hoặc “Don’t V! V!”
“Don’t open the big box! Open the small box!”
-> She asked me to open the small box instead of opening the big box
* Lời nói trực tiếp có thể bao gồm nhiều hình thức hỗn hợp: câu khẳng định, câu hỏi, câu mệnh lệnh, câu cảm thán
Eg: He said, “Can you play the guitar?” and I said “No”
→ He asked me if I could play the guitar and I said that I couldn’t
4 Indirect speech with ‘must” ‘need” “have to”
Must S + V…? = if S + had to
Eg: “Must you get ready for the party” he said → He asked if I/ she had to get ready for the party
S + must not V … = S + must not + V (không được)
Eg: “I must not get up early tomorrow”, she said → she said that she must not get up early the next day
S + needn’t V = S + needn’t have to V hoặc S + wouldn’t have to V …
Eg” “I needn’t do my homework” she said
→ She said that she needn’t have to do her homework/ wouldn’t have to do her homework
S + needn’t V … = needn’t V
Eg: “You needn’t lock the door” she said
→ She said that he needn’t lock the door
+ Need S + V …? = if S + need / had to
Eg: “Need I prepare everything for the meal” she said
→ She asked if she need/ had to prepare everything for the meal
5 Một số dạng đặc biệt của đặc biệt :v =))))) Cô cũng ko biết đặt nó vào phần nào nữa :v
+ “Thanks” he said
→ He thanked me
Trang 6+ “Good luck” he said → He wished me good luck
“Happy Christmas” he said → he wished me happy Christmas + “Congratulations” she said → He congratulated me
+ “Happy birthday” -> He congratulated on my birthday
+ The notice said ‘Welcome to Bacgiang”
→The notice welcomed visitors to Bac giang
+ “No/ Yes”
Eg: “Did you have a good time” he said; “yes’ I said
→ He asked me if I had had a good time and I said I had “Have you done your work?” he said “ No” I said
→ He asked me if I had done my work and I said I hadn’t + Good morning/ evening/ hello
→ S + greet + O