Grammar ôn thi B1 HV Nông nghiệp

TIPS FOR SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION How to do sentence transformation exercises well You should: • decide which grammatical structure you are going to use • underline the key words or phra

TIPS FOR SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

How to do sentence transformation exercises well You should:

• decide which grammatical structure you are

going to use

• underline the key words or phrases which you need to change while rewriting the sentence

• know which part of the sentence should be kept the same

EXAMPLES

“Will you marry me?” said Eric to his girl

friend.

Eric asked………

Eric asked his girl friend to marry him/ If she

would marry him.

PASSIVE VOICE

S TO BE P II BY + O

Active

Sentence

Active

Sentence

Passive

Sentence

Passive

Sentence

The dog bit the postman The postman was bitten by the dog

am/is/are

am/is/are being

Tobe was/were

was/were being

have been/has been

will be

will be being

Past participle regular :V-ed

irregular verb: done, given, bought

PASSIVE VOICE AND TENSES

PRESENT SIMPLE S

HE THEY

AM/IS/ARE

IS ARE

PII

GIVEN A GIFL TOLD TO DO THAT

PRESENT

CONTINUOUS S

I

WE

AM/IS/ARE

AM ARE

BEING

BEING BEING

PII

CHASED BY A DOG

TAUGHT BY MR.BROWN

PRESENT PERFECT S

THE BOOK

HAS BEEN/HAVE

BEEN

HAS BEEN

PII

WRITTEN IN 6 YEARS

PASSIVE VOICE AND TENSES

PAST SIMPLE S

HE THEY

WAS/WERE

WAS WERE

PII

GIVEN A GIFL TOLD TO DO THAT

PAST

CONTINUOUS S

I

WE

WAS/

WERE

WAS WERE

BEING

BEING BEING

PII

CHASED BY A DOG TAUGHT BY

MR.BROWN

PAST PERFECT S

HE

HAD BEEN

HAD BEEN

PII

SAVED BEFORE THE BUILDING COLLAPSED

PASSIVE VOICE AND TENSES

FUTURE SIMPLE S

HE THEY

WILL BE

WILL BE WILL BE

PII

GIVEN A GIFL TOLD TO DO THAT

S

HE

THEY

AUXILIARY VERB + BE

CAN BE SHOULD BE

PII

ARRESTED PAID MORE ATTENTION

Report Speech

Used to report what someone said

Eg: “I want to build a new house”, said Jill

RS: Jill said he wanted to build a new house

• Change in tenses

Present Simple -> Past Simple

Present Continuous -> Past Continuous

Present perfect -> Past Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous -> Past Perfect Continuous Past Simple -> Past Perfect

Past Continuous -> Past Perfect continuous Will -> Would

Can -> Could

am/is/are going to -> was/were going to

Must/Have to -> Had to

May -> Might

• Change in words

I -> he/she

You -> I/me/they/them

Your -> my/their

Here -> there

Next week -> the following week Yesterday -> the day before

Last week -> the week before

This-> that

These -> those

• Do not change tense in past perfect and Past

perfect continuous

• Do not change the word would, should, could,

might

• We can use verbs like apologize, deny, promise, refuse and suggest in report speech

Eg:

He denied breaking the statue

• When the introductory verbs is in the

Present, Future or Present Perfect, there are no changes in verb tenses.

Report questions, orders, request

To report a question we use:

1 Yes-No question:

S + Ask +O + if/whether + S + V…….

“Have you been to the gallery” he asked her

-> he asked her if/whether she had been to the gallery

“Can you paint” Mary asked her friend.

-> Mary asked her friend if/whether he could paint

2 Wh/h-question

S+ Ask +O+ wh-word (what, who, where etc.) + S +

V……

when the direct questions begin with such a word

“Why did you say that” my sister asked me

-> My sister asked me why I had said that

3 Commands/requests/suggestions

S + ask/order/suggest + (o)+ to V/ not to V/ V-ing +…

• “Put your clothes in the drawer” Mum said

-> Mum told me to put my clothes in the drawer

• “Would you pass me a cigarette” I asked Terry

-> I asked Terry to pass me a cigarette

• He said to me, “Don’t lie to me”

-> He told me not to lie to him

• He said, “Let’s go out.” -> He suggested going out

* Although, Though, even though: express contrast

Although/Though/Even Though + S + V, S + V

Eg: Although my homework was difficult, I finished it before bed.

Even though you dislike Sanya, you should try to be nice to her

- Although (more formal)

- Though (less formal)

- Even though (it is used to emphasize a sharp

contrast)

* In spite of/Despite: Express contrast

In spite of/despite + V-ing, subject + Verb

In spite of/despite + phrase, subject + Verb

Eg: In spite of revising for hours, I didn’t do well in the test

Despite my revision, I didn’t do well in the test

1 No/Not any+ N + Au.(do/does/had ect) + S + V

(inf)

Eg: No money shall I lend you from now on

Not any money shall I lend you from now on

2 Never/Hardly ever/Rarely/Seldom + Au + S + V

Eg: Never in mid-summer does it snow

Hardly ever does he speak in the public

3 Only when/Only if/ Only by/Only after + phrase/

clause + Au + N + V

Eg: Only by practising English every day can you

speak it fluently

Only after all guests had gone could we relax

4 No sooner + Au + S + V than….

Eg: No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang

5 Hardly/Bearly/Scarely + Au +S+

V….When/Before

Eg: Hardly had she put up her umbrella

before the rain became down in torrents

6 Not only + auxiliary + S + V + but also…

Eg: Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly.

7 Neither…nor

Eg: She doesn’t play the guitar and neither do I

He had no money, nor did he know anybody from whom he could borrow

8 Conditional type 1: If clause = should + S+ V

Eg: should he come late he will miss the train

should he lend me some money I will buy that house

9 Conditional type 2: If clause = were + S + to V/

were + S

Eg: If I were you, I would work harder

-> Were I you, I would work harder

If I knew her, I would invite her to the party

-> Were I to know her, I would invite her to the party

10 Conditional type 3: If clause = Had + S + PII

Eg: If my parents hadnot encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam

-> Had my parents not encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam

11 In no way/On no account/Not once/ Not until/Little/

so/such/to such an extent + Au + S + V +…

Eg: On no account should you take these pills when you drink alcohol

• Not once did she offer us her help

• Little did we know about what was going to happen to us

next

• So happy was I that I arranged a big party/Such was my

happiness that I arranged a big party.