Câu điều kiện thường có hai mệnh đề,mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề phụmệnh đề If Mệnh đề phụ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính.. Nếu mệnh đề phụ đặt trước mệnh đề chính thì sau nó có dấ
Trang 1THE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Example:
If I were a bird, I would be a white pigeon
Câu điều kiện thường có hai mệnh đề,mệnh đề chính và mệnh
đề phụ(mệnh đề If)
Mệnh đề phụ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính.
(Nếu mệnh đề phụ đặt trước mệnh đề chính thì sau nó có dấu phẩy)
If -clause Main clause
Trang 2Có ba loại câu điều kiện căn bản sau
Type I: Probable condition
Thường được dùng để diễn tả một giả thiết có thể xảy ra trong thực tế ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
Ex 1: I will visit you if I have time
Form: S + will + V ……… ….If + S + V (simple present)
+ V(simple present)
+ modal verbs(can, must, …….)
Imperatives
Chú ý: Câu điều kiện loại một ,mệnh đề If thường chia ở thì hiện tại
thường và mệnh đề chính thường chia ở thì tương lai đơn, hiện tại đơn
hoặc động từ đặc biệt ở thì hiện tại
Ex 2: If you are free, Come to see me
Trang 3Type 2:Present unreal condition
Thường được dùng để diễn tả một giả thiết trái với thực tế ở hiện tại
Ex: If I were you, I wouldn’t do that
Form: If +S + V (simple past)……….,S + would/ could / might….+ V
Note: be were
Type 3:Past unreal condition
Thường được dùng để diễn tả một giả thiết trái với thực tế ở quá khứ
Ex: If I had had a map, I wouldn’t have got lost yesterday
Form: If +S + had +PII +… S + would/ could / might….+ have +PII………
Trang 4MỘT SỐ TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT CỦA CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
1.Môt số liên từ chỉ điều kiện:
*Unless = If… not… = Or/ otherwise
Ex1: Unless it rains , they will go on a picnic
= If it doesn’t rain , they will go on a picnic
Ex 2: Phone her or she won’t come.=>If you don’t phone her, she won’t come
Ex 3: Work hard and you will pass the exam.=>If you work hard , you will pass the exam
2.Sự kết hợp của loại 2 và 3
Ex: If I hadn’t stayed up so late last night, I wouldn’t be tired now
(Because I stayed up late last night,I am tired now)
Khi hai mệnh đề của cùng một câu điều kiện diễn tả hai giả thiết trái với thực tế ở hai điểm khác nhau (VD: hiện tại và quá khứ) thì hai mệnh đề đó sẽ được chia theo thì của hai loại câu điều kiện khác nhau
*supposed, supposing that :giả sử rằng
provided, providing that, So long as, On condition that :Miễn là
Trang 53.Các hình thức đảo ngữ để nhấn mạnh của 3 câu điều kiện
Type I : Should + S +V… + S + will/ can/ must/ … +V…
simple present
Imperatives
Ex: If it doesn’t rain , we will visit you.
Should it not rain, we will visit you.
Type II:
Did +S +V… ……… S + would/ could/ might … + V….
Were + S +……….
Ex: If I were you, I would buy that car.
Were I you, I would buy that car.
Type III:
Had + S + PII +… S + would/ could /might … + have +PII…… Ex:If he had known your telephone number, he would have phoned you.
Had he known your telephone number, he would have phoned you.
Trang 6Exercise 1:Give the correct form of the verbs in the bracket.
1 If we (pollute) … the water, we will have no fresh water to use.
2.If we cut down trees in the forest, there(be) … big flood every year 3.If he ( study)……… hard, he could not fail the exam.
4 Our lives ( destroy) ………if the earth didn’t go round.
5 We will go for a picnic if the weather (be) ………….fine tomorrow.
6 If I were you I( travel) around the world
7 If there were flying saucers, there ( be) ……….traces of their landing.
8 Unless it ( rain)………, they will go shopping.
9 I would take photos of UFOs if I ( see) ……….them
10 If she (be) ………… there last week , she (help) ………… them
11 If I (have)… a lot of money yesterday , I (buy) ……….it
12 He (not do) ……… that mistakes if you had given him an advice
13 If they had had money , they (buy)……… many toys
14.Please call the doctor if your son (have)……… a temperature 15.I’ll only help you, if you (promise) ………to try harder.
Trang 71 Try harder and you will succeed.
2 Hurry or you won’t be able to catch the bus.
3 Work harder or you will fail the exam.
4 Work harder and you will pass the exam.
5 Read this book and you will get a lot of information.
6 Go right now or you will be late for school.
7 Take an umbrella or you will get wet.
8 Take a rest or your work will tire you.
9 Join us and you will enjoy yourself.
10 Go out with me and you will feel at ease.
Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences to make conditional sentences with If
If you try harder, you will succeed
If you don’t hurry, you won’t be able to catch the bus
Trang 8Exercise 3: Rewrite
1.They don’t go to the concert because they have an English test
If they
2.If it doesn’t rain , I 'll go on a picnic
Should 3.It rained yesterday, so we didn’t play soccer
If it
4.He ate a lot of chocolates, so he was very fat
If he
5.They got up late, so they were late for work
If they
6 Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes
If Susan
7 You can’t visit Moscow unless you get a visa
If you
8 He doesn’t get any information because he dosen’t phone immediately
If he
9 Today is an awful day , So we can’t go to the beach
If
10 If I had known she was sick, I would have visited her
Had
Trang 9Ex: 4 Choose the best answer
I Đề thi học kỳ 2 năm học 2015-2016
1……… ,go to the basement immediately
A.Though a tornado came B.As a tornadocame
C.Should a tornado come D.If a tornado will come
2.Work hard,……… you will pass the final exam
II Đề thi tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT năm học 2015-2016
1 The machine ………… If you press this button
A.will stop B.would stop C.stopping D.stop
2 I don’t have the key,so I cannot gt into the house
A If I have the key,I can get into the house.
B If I had the key,I could get into the house.
C If I had the key,I can get into the house
D If I had the key,I couldn’t get into the house
Trang 103 Unless /you/ study/ harder / you /not /pass /exam.
A.Unless you study harder, you won’t pass the exam
B.Unless you study harder, you don’t pass the exam
C.Unless you study harder, you didn’t pass the exam
D.Unless you studied harder, you won’t pass the exam
III Đề thi tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT năm học 2014-2015
1.If I……… you, I would get some rest before the examination
2.We’d better hurry or we’ll miss the bus
A.We miss the bus because we don’t hurry
B.We should hurry in order not to catch the bus
C.We should hurry so that we wouldn’t miss the bus
D.If we don’t hurry, we will miss the bus
Trang 11IV Đề thi tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT năm học 2013-2014
1.People don’t trust him because he tell lies.
A.If he didn’t tell lies, people would trust him.
B.If he didn’t tell lies, people will trust him
C.If he doesn’t tell lies, people would trust him
D.If he not tell lies, people will trust him
2.If /you /press/ that button/ a receptionist / come /help
A.If you pressed that button, a receptionist will come and help you
B.If you press that button, a receptionist would come and help you
C.If you had pressed that button, a receptionist will come and help you
D.If you press that button, a receptionist will come and help you
V Đề thi tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT năm học 2012-2013
If the question were not so difficult, I will be able to answer it
A B C D
V Đề thi tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT năm học 2011-2012
1.If you ……… your passport, you will be in trouble.
A losing B.lose C.would lose D.lost 2.We won’t go out………….it stops raining
A.If B.unless C.when D.If not
Trang 12VI Đề thi tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT năm học 2010-2011
1.If /you /work /hard/ last year/you/not have/so much trouble now
A.You should have so much trouble now if you had worked hard last year
B If you worked hard last year, you wouldn’t have so much trouble now
C.If you had worked hard last year, you wouldn’t have had so much trouble now
D If you had worked hard last year, you wouldn’t have so much trouble now 2.Peter always gets up late, so he doesn’t have time for breakfast
A.If Peter got up late, he would have time for breakfast
B.If Peter got up early, he would have time for breakfast
C.If Peter doesn’t get up late, he will have time for breakfast
D.If Peter doesn’t get up early, he will have time for breakfast
Trang 13VII.Đề thi học kỳ 2 năm học 2013-2014
I didn’t have an umbrella, so I got wet.
A Had I had an umbrella, I wouldn’t have got wet.
B I had had an umbrella, I wouldn’t have got wet.
C If I had had an umbrella, I wouldn’t get wet
D If I had had an umbrella, I would get wet