Implementation of UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol and CDM in Vietnam

 Background  Climate change impacts  United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol KP to UNFCCC and Clean Development Mechanism... Main activities and

Implementation of UNFCCC, Kyoto

Protocol and CDM in Vietnam

Dr.Dao Duc Tuan

Mr Nguyen Khac Hieu National Office for Ozone Protection & Climate Change

Ministry of Natural Resources & Environment

 Background

 Climate change impacts

 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Kyoto Protocol (KP) to

UNFCCC and Clean Development Mechanism

• Greenhouse Gases (GHG) are vital because they act like a

blanker around the earth to stabilize temperature Without this natural blanket the surface average temperature of the earth would be -20 0 C.

• Steam, CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O are main GHGs

• Due to industrialization to develop social-economic,

anthropogenic GHG emissions are increasing significantly in the atmosphere

• Increase of GHG concentration in the atmosphere leads to

climate change.

Greenhouse Effect

CO2 in the atmosphere of some

planets

Background (Cont.)

• Many human activities contribute to GHG emissions:

 Burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas)

 Exploiting mine

 Industry activities

 Food production activities

 Burning and exploiting forests

 Land use change

• Due to these activities, global average temperature

increased 0.6 0 C over the last 100 years.

• It is estimated that global temperature would increase from 1

to 3,5 0 C.

CO2 emissions from industrial

processes

CO2 emission from land use change

CO2 density in the atmosphere

Impacts of Climate Change

Climate change impacts

• Harmfulness of climate change impacts:

• Including commitments of states to establish a framework for

controlling and eliminating GHG emissions in order to stabilize GHG concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system

 Annex I Parties (economic transitions transform

countries): implement commitment on reducing GHG emissions

 Non-Annex I Parties (developing countries)

• Condition to KP enter into force after 90 days when:

– 55 Parties to the Convention have deposited their instruments

of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession

– Annex I which ratify accounted in total for at least 55% of the

total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990

• To 13 November 2002: 84 countries signed, 97 countries ratified

Annex 1 Parties which ratified represent 37,4%

Kyoto protocol

• One of the mechanisms under KP (Article 12)

• The purpose of the CDM:

To assist Parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the Convention

To assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3

• In the first commitment period (2008-2012) : Annex I Parties

shall reduce their overall emissions of GHG by at least 5% below 1990 levels

Main activities and results of implementation of UNFCCC

• Hydro-Meteorological Service of Vietnam (HMS) - at

present belongs to Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) - is assigned by the Government as

a National Authority for implementing UNFCCC and KP as well as a National Authority for Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in Vietnam.

• HMS has coordinated with related Ministries, agencies

to carry out climate change activities in the effort to promote implementation of UNFCCC and preparation for CDM activities in Vietnam.

Main activities and results of implementation of UNFCCC (Cont.)

Establishing a Climate Change Country Team and National Technical Expert Team

to manage and implement projects regarding climate change issues.

 HMS (MONRE)

 Ministry of Planning and Investment

 Ministry of Science & Technology

 Ministry of Industry

 Ministry of Transportation

 Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

 Ministry of Training & Education

 Ministry of Foreign Affairs

• Vietnam has carried out the following climate change

projects:

1 Asian: Study on global impacts of climate change

2 CC:TRAIN

3 “Asian Least Cost GHG Abatement Strategy” (ALGAS)

4 Vietnam coastal zone vulnerability assessment

5 Economic of GHG Limitation (Phase 1): “Formulization

of methodology to assess GHG limitation “

Main activities and results of implementation of UNFCCC (CONT.)

6 Reduction of electricity consumption in Cement Ha Tien 2 Plant

by using surplus thermal for additional generation

7 Implementation of UNFCCC in Quang Ninh Province

8 “Enabling Activities for the Preparation of Initial National

Communication Related to UNFCCC”

9 “Vietnam National Strategy Study on Clean Development

Mechanism” (NSS)

10 Use of biogas

11 Increasing carbon sequestration in planted forest in Vietnam through use of genetically improved species

12 Energy efficient in Public Lighting sector

Main activities and results of implementation of UNFCCC (CONT.)

D Main results: National GHG Inventories (1990,

Main activities and results of

implementation of UNFCCC (CONT.)

National GHG Inventory Result in

1994

Energy 25,6 Tg - 24,7%

Land use change

and Forestry

19,4 Tg - 18,6%

Waste 2,5 Tg -2,5%

Agriculture

52,5 Tg - 50,5%

Industrial processes 3,8Tg - 3,7%

GHG Emission Project in Vietnam

Main activities and results of implementation of UNFCCC (CONT.)

• Develop and assess GHG mitigation options

A/ Energy:

 Use of renewable energies (wind, solar)

 Energy efficiency improvement for old air-conditioning, fridge, engine

 Fuel Efficiency Improvements with Lean Burn Engine in Transportation

B/ Forestry

 Long-term rotation reforestation

 Short-term rotation reforestation

 Afforestation

 Scatter plantation

C/ Agriculture

 Biogas utilization in rural areas

Main activities and results of implementation of UNFCCC (CONT.)

Main activities and results of implementation of UNFCCC (CONT.)

• Vulnerability assessment and development of

measures to cop with climate change

• Raising awareness and knowledge

- Workshops, seminars

- Compilation of programmes, video to disseminate

• Development of climate change project ideas to

attract international supports.

• Formulation and development of climate change, CDM/PCF projects

portfolio

 Improve energy efficiency in Small Medium Scale Enterprises (SME)

 Reducing CH 4 emission by managing water level on rice fields

 Fuel switching oil to gas (Thu Duc Plant )

 Recover CH 4 from landfills (Hochiminh City, Hanoi, Haiphong City)

 Development of renewable energies (wind, biogas, solar, geothermal power )

 Co-generation of electricity (Nghe An Tate & Lyle Company)

 Establishment of Protection Forest (Central Regional)

Main activities and results of implementation of UNFCCC (CONT.)

UNEP project on capacity development for CDM

• The project has launched by UNEP with the

support from Dutch Government.

• Vietnam is one of the three countries in Asia

has been selected to participate in the project.

• The project will assist Viet Nam to take

advantages to joint CDM market through establishing GHG emission reduction projects that are consistent with national sustainable development goals.

• Identify prospective CDM projects

• Operational information and guidelines for raising

awareness and capacity building on CDM that can

be applied in the project.

UNEP project on capacity development for CDM

Project Preparation Phase:

• Review national experiences on AIJ / CDM projects

• Organize and participate in CDM national workshop with

participation of main national stakeholders involved on CDM

• Establish a country specific strategy approach in order to

obtain the highest degree of political support

• Designate an appropriate focal point agency that will

coordinate national CDM activities and investments.

• Develop a multi-year work plan for promoting nationals

CDM activities and investments in Vietnam

UNEP project on capacity development for CDM

• Vietnam has interested in climate change activities

• Vietnam signed and ratified UNFCCC in 1994

• Vietnam signed KP in 1997 and ratified it on 25 September

2002.

• In 1994, Vietnam issued Environment Law and Decree of

Government guiding implementation of environment protection law

 These documents affirm that Vietnam would implement its

commitment in International Convention on environment protection which it signed

Conclusion

 The UNEP Project: “Capacity Development for CDM” will contribute an important part to

facilitating CDM activities and sustainable

development in Vietnam in the future.

Conclusion (Cont.)

Thank you for your attention