Waste water treatment: Review

Lectures Physical Chemical Biological Review Quality and treatment Reactors Equalization Precipitation Activated sludge Filtration Sorption Trickling filter Settling exchangeIon Desali

Lectures

Physical Chemical Biological Review Quality and treatment Reactors

Equalization Precipitation Activated sludge Filtration Sorption Trickling filter Settling exchangeIon

Desalination Disinfection

Coagulation

REVIEW

Units of Measurement

Basic units and conversion factors

Quantity SI Units SI Symbol Conversion

Factor USCS Units

Temperature Celsius o C 1.8( o C)+32 o F

Flow rate Meter 3 /sec m 3 /s 35.3147 ft 3 /s Density Kilogram/meter 3 kg/m 3 0.06243 lb/ft 3

Gallon is a unit of volume = 3.785 liters

You may download the program convert.exe for future use

http://www.teachers.ash.org.au/geparker/how_to_use_convert.htm

Prefixes

Quantity Prefix Symbol

Source: http://www.webelements.com/

Periodic Table

Concentration

=

• mg/L = part per million (ppm) for dilute solution

• ug/L= part per billion (ppb)

• Molarity (mol/L); number of moles= mass/ atomic or molecular weight

• Normality (eq/L); number of equivalents= mass/ equivalent weight

• mg/L as CaCO 3

Units of Concentration

• Percent by mass

) /

(

.

) /

( 50 ) /

3

meq mg

X of wt Eq

meq CaCO

mg L

mg X

of ion Concentrat CaCO

as X

of L

contaminant pure water water or wastewater to be treated

Example:

Gulf sea water contains about 4% total dissolved solids (TDS) What is the concentration of TDS in mg/l

Solution:

4% means 4 g TDS/ 100 g water

Since 1000 g water is 1 liter, then 100 g water is 0.1 liter 4% = 4000 mg TDS/ 0.1 liter water

= 40,000 mg/ liter

Solids

Solids in water

Suspended (turbidity) (mainly Dissolved salinity)

Solids in water

Volatile (organic) Fixed (inorganic: salts and metals)

Filtration

Combustion at 550 o C

AIDS, hepatitis, mad cow

Cholera, typhoid

um-several cm Many are nonpathogenic

Amebic dysentery, malaria

Microorganisms

Test for Pathogens

Total coliform

Fecal Nonfecal

35 oC

44.5 oC

 Membrane Filter Technique

 Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique

Note: Pathogenic means disease-causing Also note that all coliforms are non pathogenic except E Coli, but they are good indicator of the presence

of pathogens

Water pollution

Physical

Chemical

Biological

Radiological

Treatment Reactors

Reactions

Aerobic degradation

Anaerobic degradation

Photodegradation

Radioactive decay

Hydrolysis

Combustion

Oxidation-reduction 

Sedimentation

Volatilization

Sorption

Bio uptake

Ion exchange

Stream

Lake or

Sea

Wells

WTP

Pollution Control

Wells

To people

Industry

Homes

Sanitary sewer

WWTP

Pre-treatment Industry

Discharge

or reuse

Examples of WTPs:

Al Fujairah, Al Taweela, and Umm Al Nar

Examples of WWTPs:

Zakher, Al Mafraq, Jebel Ali, and Al Aweer

CIVL270 Needed Material