State management for the publishing activities in vietnam

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THE NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY --- NGUYEN ANH TU STATE MANAGEMENT ON PUBLISHING ACTIVITIES IN VIETNAM Major: Management Science ID: 62340410

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING

THE NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY

-

NGUYEN ANH TU

STATE MANAGEMENT

ON PUBLISHING ACTIVITIES

IN VIETNAM

Major: Management Science

ID: 62340410

DOCTORAL DISSERTATION ON BUSINESS AND

MANAGEMENT

Instructors:

1 Prof, Dr.Tran Van Nam

2 Prof, Dr.Doan Thi Thu Ha

Ha Noi, 2015

PREFACE

1 Description of the Dissertation

The Dissertation titled "State Administration on publishing activities in Vietnam" includes 17 pages of Preface and 3 chapters with 53, 55 and 27 pages Contents are as follows:

Chapter 1: Theoretical basis and practical experience on state management on publishing activities

Chapter 2: Analysis of the situation of state management on publishing activities in Vietnam

Chapter 3: Solutions to improve state management on publishing activities in Vietnam

The Dissertation has 79 references in Vietnamese and English, 7 drawings, 4 diagrams, 5 tables and 34 pages of appendix

New contributions for academics and theory

1 The Dissertation has provided four goals of state management on publishing activities, including: (1) To develop following the Party's orientation; (1) To improve the people's knowledge and spiritual life; (3)

To protect the legitimate interests of the creators of literary, artistic and scientific works; (4) To improve economic efficiency

2 Based on the theory of management science, the Dissertation has given the content of state management on publishing activities under the management process, including: Strategy, planning, policies and legislation for publishing activities; Organization and implementation of policies and legislation for publishing activities; Monitoring and inspection of publishing activities

3 The factors affecting state management on publishing activities are generalized and clearly defined into three groups, consisting of management entities, management subjects and environmental - economic - cultural - social factors

New recommendations drawn from research results

1 The Dissertation has made forecasts on publishing activities and state management on this sector in the future with a strong influence of

e-books and online publishing The Dissertation has outlined the views on the

state management on publishing activities in which, social views of

publishing activities are emphasized The author argues that it is time to

enhance the role of the private sector on publishing activities, and allow

pilot equitization of one or two publishers to create new impetus for

publishing activities

2 The Dissertation has given 4 solutions to perfect state management

on publishing activities in the future In the solutions, the author insists on

raising the role and responsibilities of law enforcement agencies (the

police, courts, the procuracy) in the prevention of fake books is urgently

required for the healthy development of publishing activities

3 Besides the results of the Dissertation, the author found that some

contents should be further studied Those are also the research axes of the

author in the future They are: First, in-depth study on models and methods

of operation of a particular group of publishers For example, the group of

university publishers with specialized publications of scientific research

Second, in-depth study on state management on socialization of the

publishing sector, contributing to the socialization of this area while

ensuring the requirements of state management in the new situation

2 Reasons for choosing the topic

Publishing has a special important role in the political life, economy,

the society in general, and culture in particular The social relations of

publishing are much diverse, rich and complex Publishing activities are a

specific activity in the field of culture and ideology It is rather politically

and socially sensitive

State management on publishing activities in our country remains

many limitations Organizational models and policy mechanisms for

publishing activities are inadequate There are lots of difficulties and severe

challenges for publishing activities Some publishers only pay attention to

economic interests alone in disregard of their political, cultural, social

functions and duties The market appears some publications with unhealthy

content which is not suitable with Vietnam's cultural tradition and is

criticized by public opinion Some other publishers operate less efficiently

with lack of dynamism and dependence on subsidization Piracy and illegal

printing have not been prevented or handled promptly while the publishing market is not under strict management The system of the State's publications

is not being paid adequate attention and is exposed to the risk of shrinking, especially in mountainous and remote areas Besides, publications of high quality for contributing to human knowledge are very limited

Moreover, in the context of intensive international economic integration and great progress of the printing techniques and information technology, it allows even individuals can instantly publish their works worldwide easily This has a positive impact, but also may cause negative influence or risk to the socio-economic life State management on publishing activities requires to accomplish both tasks simultaneously, which are to promote creativity and to control the content of publications Thus, completing state management on publishing activities in terms of international integration not only is a critical requirement set out for researchers but also has practical significance for the related state authorities From the above reasons, I - the postgraduate student chooses the topic:

"State management on publishing activities in Vietnam" to study

3 Overview of the research situation related to the Dissertation 3.1 Studies in foreign countries

Publishing activities are a specific sector Due to different economic, political, social conditions, different countries have their own views on the management of the sector In developed countries, the publishing companies operate solely in the market mechanism The goal of their publishing activities focuses on resolving the relationship between the manufacturer and the consumer for business purposes only Therefore, the state has no specific policy for this activity Thus, their studies often focus

on marketing research, public relations, and how the publishing trends affect the traditional publishing market, etc

Studies related to state management on publishing activities are very limited The typical is the research of de Prato and Simon (2014) [60] The research purposes of de Prato and Simon (2014) is to review public policy and government intervention in the book publishing industry The study focuses on the following five key issues: intellectual property rights and the issues of copyright infringement, provisions on book shelves and VAT between printed books and e-books, organizations such as libraries and

registration agencies, and competition issues This study focuses more on

the analysis of policies and the position of the management objects It does not

include other important issues of public policy such as the role of democracy,

human rights, freedom of information and cultural diversity These studies

show that publishing market in other countries is developed and seen as a

major industry

3.2 Studies in the country

In the search of research materials, the postgraduate student has found

a number of posts, some proposals and recommendations within the

framework of several workshops related to the process of drafting the

Publishing Law 2004, the law amending a number of articles of the

Publishing Law 2008 and the Publishing Law 2012 Some of the proposals

related to the selection of the operational model of publishers in the

framework of the publisher modeling Conference meet the requirements of

industrialization, modernization and international integration held by Press

and Publication Division - Central Propaganda Department Some

published scientific research and doctoral Dissertations relate to this issue

Some ministry-level scientific topics conducted by the state authorities

of publishing such as the Division of Publishing, Printing and Book

Distribution, the Legal Department, Inspector of the Ministry of

Information - Communications in 2009 and 2010 are important results for

the topic to refer to Those topics are an important basis for the

postgraduate student to refer to in my own

In summary, the studies of publishing can be divided into 2 groups

The group of studies in foreign countries mainly access publishing as a

mere economic sector with the immediate challenges of electronic

publishing, offering many opportunities and new challenges for the

industry The group of studies in the country are mostly done by the state

authorities on publishing activities In overall, the studies of the state

authorities on publishing activities has high value in terms of practicality

However, these studies is inevitable of subjective views of the management

authorities Thus, they often offer the management solutions that "tightly

manage" or "facilitate the managing" and "detrimental to the managed"

Besides, there are irregularities with a tendency to increase in this area

Therefore, it needs for more objective studies, from the perspective of

management science and publishers, making publishing activities in Vietnam to truly develop both in quantity and quality and overcoming the current weaknesses of state management on this sector It is also the research "gap" that this research aims towards for the improvement of state management on publishing activities in Vietnam in the current situation

4 Research objectives of the Dissertation

- To systematize and develop selectively the theoretical basis of state management on publishing activities;

- To analyze the current situation of publishing activities and state management on publishing activities in our country, to point out the opportunities, challenges, strengths and weaknesses, the causes of such weaknesses of publishing and the current state management on publishing activities;

- To propose solutions to improve state management so as to develop publishing activities in Vietnam in the coming time

5 Object and scope of the research

The research object of the Dissertation is state management on publishing activities in Vietnam The state management in this Dissertation

is approached in the management process, including: planning, organization, directing and inspection of publishing activities in Vietnam The management issues in the Dissertation is the macro management

of the state on publishing activities under the management process The Dissertation does not go deep into the micro management of publishers Publishing activities include 3 fields, consisting of publishing, printing and distribution The Dissertation only focuses on state management of publishing (manuscript organization) Printing and distribution are only mentioned to a certain extent

Publications include: Printed books, Braille books, Paintings, pictures, maps, posters, leaflets and brochures, calendars; recordings, video recordings for using as substitutes for books or book illustrations The products of publishers are analyzed and evaluated in the Dissertation are mainly books, including printed books and e-books

The study period is from 2009 until now The data has been collected during 5 years from 2010 to 2014 The solutions herein are for from now to 2020

6 Research methodology

6.1 Theoretical framework

The theoretical framework is the theory of state management under the

management process from planning, organization, operating to control the

implementation

Figure 1 Theoretical framework

Source: The author has developed himself

5.2 Research process

Figure 2 Research process

Source: The author has developed himself

General

research

Expert

Interviews

Development of the theoretical framework

Secondary data collection

Primary data collection

Data analysis and situation assessment

Conclusi ons and recomme ndations

State management

- Strategy, planning, policy and legislation

- Implementati

on

- Control

Publishing activities

Factors affecting the

state management

- Undertakings

and guidelines of

the Party on

publishing

activities

- State

management

officials for

publishing

activities

- The capacity of

publishers

Objectives

- To develop publishing activities under the orientation

of the Party and State

- To improve the people's knowledge and spiritual life

- To improve economic efficiency

of publishing activities

6.3 Dissertation research methodology

6.3.1 Approach

The Dissertation uses the method of dialectical materialism, historical materialism and approaches the system as research methodology throughout the whole project

6.3.1 Data collection methods

The Dissertation uses a combination of methods for secondary and primary data collection to gather information, qualitative and quantitative research methods, methods of synthesis, comparison, and statistics to acquire necessary information

6.3.2 Data processing methods

After collecting secondary and primary data, the postgraduate student conducts data cleansing, encryption, input the data into the computer and use SPSS software for data processing

Chapter 1 THEORETICAL BASIS AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE ON STATE MANAGEMENT ON PUBLISHING ACTIVITIES

1.1 Publishing activities - the object of state management

1.1.1 The concept and characteristics of publishing activities

1.1.1.1 The concept of publishing activities According to the dictionary, Publishing is an activity in the field of culture and ideology through the production and distribution of publications

to many people [19] According to Paragraph 1, Article 4 of the Publishing

Law 2012, Publishing is the organization and exploitation of manuscripts, and edit them into the template to print and distribute directly through the electronic means [47]

In the broad sense, publishing is understood in the following three contents:

First, publishing is the organization and editing of manuscripts to suit the needs and tastes of readers and the publisher's criteria

Second, publishing is an activity to multiply the manuscripts

processed, edited and designed in an appropriate form under a certain form

of matter

Third, Publishing activity is to disseminate widely the products that

contain the information after being edited and multiplied

In the narrow sense, publishing is the process of organizing the creation,

impacting on the creative process of the author to have manuscripts, processing

and finalizing drafts, templates, and printing publications so as to serve many

people

The publishing activities are studied in this Dissertation is the

publishing activities understood in the narrow sense

1.1.1.2 The characteristics of publishing activities

First characteristic: publishing activities are both an ideological and

cultural activity and an economic activity

Second characteristic: Publishing activities are an intellectual labor with

a specific production process

Third characteristic: Publishing activities create a particular type of

goods

1.1.2 The types of publications

According to Clause 4, Article 4 of the Publishing Law 2012,

"Publications are works and documents on politics, economics, culture,

society, education and training, science, technology, literature and art

published by publishers or licensed publishing agencies or organizations in

different languages with pictures and sound"

Publications include the following categories:

a) Printed books;

b) Braille books;

c) Paintings, pictures, maps, posters, leaflets and brochures;

d) Types of calendars;

e) Recordings, video recordings for using as substitutes for books or

book illustrations

1.1.3 The publishing process

The entire publishing process can be modeled according to the

following diagram (Diagram 1.1):

Determining the direction, planning and topic Selecting a specific topic Finding an author Developing a draft outline Contracting with the author

Impacting on the formation of the manuscript

Receiving the manuscript, reading and commenting

The author revises the manuscript for the first time First editing

Second editing

The author revises the manuscript for the second time

Agreeing with the author

Technical editing of images

Agreeing with the author on the final manuscript

Making cover and maquete Technical editing for maquete

Additional revises

Approving the ready-to print manuscript

Making plates and typesetting Signing the contract for printing

Second proofreading First proofreading

OTK of publications

Checking the printing sample and signing for printing

Editing the corrected test print Make the corrections

Advertising for the publications

Checking and printing the corrected version

Gathering reader opinions

Issuing publications

Diagram 1.2 The editing process

Source: [18]

1.2 State management on publishing activities

1.2.1 The concept of state management on publishing activities

State management on publishing activities is the impact of the State to

publishers and printing and distribution facilities through the process of

developing strategies, policies and legislation, organizing and directing,

controlling publishing activities, creating the most favorable environment for

publishing activities to develop properly as oriented, contributing to

improving the people's knowledge and high efficiency in a sustainable way in

terms of changes in the domestic and international market

1.2.2 Objectives and assessment criteria for state management on

publishing activities

1.2.2.1 Objectives

First, To develop publishing activities under the orientation of the Party

and State

Second, to improve the people's knowledge and spiritual life

The finalized edited manuscript

The edited manuscript

The manuscript

of the author

Outline

building

The ready-to-print manuscript Texts Drawings Photo Marquette First

editing

First editing

Second editing

Third editing

Technica

l and artistic editing

Comment

Outline

approval

Author fixing

Reading, commenting and evaluating

Author fixing

Preliminary approval

Author fixing

Approving the complete manuscripts for putting into production

Third, to protect the legitimate interests of the creators of literary, artistic and scientific works

Fourth, to improve economic efficiency of publishing activities

1.2.2.2 Assessment criteria

- Effectiveness

- Efficiency

- Appropriateness

- Sustainability

1.2.3 The concept of state management on publishing activities

1.2.3.1 To develop strategy, planning, policies and legislation for publishing activities

● Development of strategy for publishing activities

● Objectives of publishing activities

● Measures to achieve the objectives

1.2.3.2 To develop and implement policies and legislation for publishing activities

● The Party's perspective to publishing activities

● Building publishing legislation

● Coordinating activities between the state authorities with publishing activities

1.2.3.3 To control publishing activities

- The function to control publishing activities of the MIC

- The function of state management of the information and communications departments decentralized by the MIC

- The management functions of the managing agencies

1.2.4 The factors affecting state management on publishing activities

1.2.4.1 The factor of management entities

a Perspective and guidelines of the Party on publishing activities

b The awareness of leaders at all levels on publishing activities

c State management officials for publishing activities 1.2.4.2 The factor of management subjects

a The capacity of publishers

b Recruitment, training and remuneration of officials working in publishers 1.2.4.3 The environment - economic - culture - social factors

a Economic development and international integration

b The development of science and technology

c Social and cultural environment

1.3 The experience of state management on publishing activities of some

countries and lessons for Vietnam

1.3.1 China

- The content of publications is oriented by the Central Propaganda

Department

- China persists the motto of "Social benefits are number 1" It is the

basic principle in the development of the publishing industry

1.3.2 Korea

- The government consider publishers as a normal business unit

- The book publishing model in Korea is implemented from publishers to

wholesalers and retail bookstores

- Publishing activities in Korea are governed by several laws, such as: the

law promoting the publishing and culture industry, copyright laws, the laws

promoting culture and arts, the civil law, the law promoting printing and

publishing

1.3.3 Japan

- Japan does not have a publishing Law Publishing activities are

regulated by the Constitution and their copyright law (Nguyen Hong Vinh et

al., 2012, page 438)

- The retail price of books in Japan is regulated by the price retention

mechanisms for republishing

- Japanese publishing industry is regulated mainly by the copyright law

- Publishing activities in Japan are managed by a variety of state

institutions, including the cultural council, especially the Department of

copyright with a primary role

1.3.4 England

- The country does not set up specialized agencies to monitor publishing

activities

- There are many publishing associations

- They are one of the countries that have developed a copyright law very

early

1.3.5 The U.S.A

- The State does not intervene directly in publishing activities

- They develop a mode of freely publishing

- The federal government has no specialized agencies to manage

publishing activities, except the Copyright Bureau, which is the State

management agency on intellectual property

1.3.4 Experience for Vietnam

1.3.4.1 Regarding the promulgation of policies and legislation for publishing activities

1.3.4.2 Regarding the implementation of policies and legislation for publishing activities

1.3.4.3 Regarding the control of publishing activities

Chapter 2 ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION OF STATE MANAGEMENT

ON PUBLISHING ACTIVITIES IN VIETNAM

2.1 The situation of state management on publishing activities

2.1.1 Strategy, planning, policies and legislation for publishing activities

2.1.1.1 Strategy

- The quantity, structure and quality of publications keep growing

Table 2.1 Statistics of books published from 2010 - 2013

Number of books Number of

Number of books million

copies 277,765 293,723 295,314 279,720

Number of cultural products

million copies 32,561 26,365 28,962 18,265

The level of enjoyment

of books

Copies/perso

Source: Compiled from the annual report of the Division of Publishing, Printing and

Book Distribution (from 2010-2013)

- The structure of book distribution is relatively reasonable and meets

the diverse needs of readers, increasingly better serving the political tasks of

the country The contents of publications have had positive changes as well

Table 2.2 Statistics of the book structure from 2010 - 2013

Number

of books

Copies (Million copies)

Number

of books

Copies (Million copies)

Number

of books

Copies (Million copies)

Number

of books

Copies (Million copies)

2

Science and technology -

3

Social Culture-

5

Textbooks - curriculum -

Source: Compiled from the annual report of the Division of Publishing, Printing and

Book Distribution (from 2009-2013)

- Assessing the level of abundance of the book market

Figure 2.1 Survey Question 1.2

(Source: NCS Survey results)

- Assessing the value of books on the market

Figure 2.2 Survey Question 1.3

(Source: NCS Survey results)

2.1.1.2 Planning 2.1.1.3 Policies

- The policy for funding and ordering publications

- The policy for freight subsidy

- The State has preferential policies on corporate income tax for publishing activities

2.1.1.4 Legislation

- The promulgation of legislation on publishing has been properly focused Up to now, there are 4 publishing laws enacted, which are

Publishing Laws 1993, 2004, 2008, 2012

- Several other laws and policies related to publishing activities: The Civil Code and the Intellectual Property Law

2.1.2 Implementation of policies and legislation for publishing activities

Diagram 2.1 State management agencies for publishing activities

Source: [18]

The Government

Provincial People's Committees

and departments

Department of I&C Professional publishing

activities

(Publishers)

Momentary publishing activities

2.1.3 Monitoring and inspection of publishing activities

Under the provisions of the Publishing Law 2012, the authority to inspect

and control publishing activities is decentralized as follows:

- The Ministry of Information and Communications helps the government

to implement state management on publishing activities in the whole country

- The Division of Publishing, Printing and Book Distribution is the

functional authority of the Ministry of Information and Communications

- The Department of Information and Communications is the specialized

agency of the provincial People's Committee

- The Division of Publishing, Printing and Book Distribution has

conducted 11 inspections in 2014, 05 unscheduled inspections, 08 inspections

and issued 09 decisions to sanction administrative violations with a total fine

of VND 1,348 million At the same time, the Division of Publishing, Printing

and Book Distribution has coordinated with A87- the Ministry of Public

Security, Inspectors of the MIC and provincial DIC and inspection authorities

in some localities

- The central interdisciplinary inspection team of prevention of illegal

printing has conducted 10 inspections, and handled administrative sanctions

of 02 facilities with a total fine of VND 130 million

- Inspectors of the Ministry has implemented 06 planned inspections, 01

unscheduled inspections, issued 08 administrative penalty decisions with a

total fine of VND 186 million

2.2 Assessment of state management on publishing activities

2.2.1 Assessment by criteria of state management

2.2.1.1 Assessment of the effectiveness of state management on publishing

activities

The effectiveness of state management on publishing activities are facing

many problems

- The situation of pirated books and fake books

- Infringement of copyright

- Assessing whether the number of pirated and fake books available on

the market is much or less

Figure 2.3 Survey Question 2.4

Source: NCS Survey results)

2.2.1.2 Assessment of the efficiency of state management on publishing activities

- Most of the publishers are small-scale with difficulties in capital, low economic efficiency and have not focused and invested properly by the managing agencies

- The average level of enjoyment in 2014 was very low

- The industry's revenues are generally very low, except for the Education Publishing House with special advantage

- Book prices remain higher than the income of the labourer with inconsistent discount rates

- The facility and capital of many publishers do not meet the requirements with small scale production

- The revenue of the publishers has been declining from 2011 - 2014

Table 2.3 Total revenue of the publishers in 2010-2014

(Source: Compiled from the report of the Division of Publishing, Printing and

Book Distribution in 2010-2014 )

- Profit after tax of the publishers from 2010 to 2011 showed signs of

decline, then increased again after 2011 because the publishers have saved

costs and utilized the income of other economic activities (e.g renting the

premises, etc.)

Table 2.4 Profit after tax of the publishers in 2010-2014

Source: Compiled from the report of the Division of Publishing, Printing and

Book Distribution in 2010-2014

- The total budget remittance of the publishers from 2010 to 2011

showed signs of sharp decline After 2011, there were signs of rising again

Table 2.5 Total budget remittance of the publishers in 2010-2014

Source: Compiled from the report of the Division of Publishing, Printing and

Book Distribution in 2010-2014

2.2.1.3 Assessment of the appropriateness of state management on publishing

activities Some regulations for State management on publishing activities are incompatible with the current development of publishing activities, namely as follows:

(1) The policies remain incomplete and irrational

(2) The labor quantity and quality are both redundant, lack and weak at

the same time Especially the management of the publishers and editors are

slow to adapt to the new changes of the market economy and social life, faster speed of development, and increasingly diverse, layered, multi-dimensional needs

(3) Technical facilities and management technologies are not invested adequately

(4) The promotion and development of reading culture is incommensurate with the new requirements, especially the requirement to introduce about the country and people of Vietnam

2.2.1.4 Assessment of the sustainability of state management on publishing activities

The state management policies for publishing activities are unsustainable and unstable

(1) Having not defined whether the state censors publications or there is

no censorship under which mechanism

(2) In management mechanism, the state has not had a key distinction between publications for political tasks and publications for business tasks (3) The organizational model of the publishers contains many shortcomings

(4) The book structure is irrational Very few publishers can build a long-term category plan

2.2.2 Strengths

- Developing appropriate strategic direction, facilitating publishing to

develop in the socialist-oriented market economy

- The institutionalization of policies and orientations of the Party into publishing mechanisms, policies and legislation has been improved gradually, creating the basic legal framework for the stable operation of publishing in the

oriented-socialist market economy and international integration

- The direction and management of publishing activities of committees, government, management agencies from the central to localities have made

some progress

2.2.3 Weaknesses

- The consulting and directing agencies of the Party have not made clear the role, location, purpose of publishing activities and have not well realized the leadership mechanism for the Party to this activity in the Party

organizations