Introduction to mangrove forests

Definition Mangroves forest is a kind of forest which distribute near river mouth, inshore when tide, trees forest will be underwater a part or whole.. Real situation of mangrove fore

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TOPIC: MANGROVE FORESTS

Tutor: Assoc Prof Dr NGUYEN XUAN CU

Main contents:

I Conspectus about mangroves

forest

II Real situations and consequences

and impacts on mangrove forests III Causes and solutions

IV Conclusion

I Conspectus about

mangroves forest

1 Definition

Mangroves forest is a kind of forest which

distribute near river mouth, inshore when tide, trees forest will be underwater a

part or whole However, when low tide,

they appear on the wasteland There,

plants have a big fasciculate root

Can Gio forest

Sac forest in Can Gio

U Minh Ha forest

Ocean 12%,and last one South America 11%.

• The mangroves forest often distribute in coastal, where pile up soft sediment We can see them in river mouth and along sea mouth There , plants make up three fourths tropical and subtropical coast

Distribute forest in Can

Gio- Viet Nam

3 Characteristic

• Animals-plants system in mangroves forest

is very diversified and rich The mangroves forest in Southeast Asia is the most

multiform in the world with 46 plants

species in 17plant family and about 158

animal species live on there The

mangroves forest is a big house in which

almost creature live contain terrestrial and underwater

Many fish species have to spend a part

of their life cycle in the mangroves

forest

Some crustacean such as crabs ,lobsters are also diversified Their life close –knit with mangroves forest They was born in ocean ,their larva move on

mangroves forest

• Many kind of soft

body animal often was seen at foot of tree

4.Role of mangroves forest

According EO observatory of NASA The mangroves forest is one of form have high level biology on plannet and they are also specific ecosystem of tropical and subtropical coast They have some important value:

Forest product value :coal,

wood, food ,medicine

Provide livelihood for resident

who live near beach

Make the climate

equable

Make effective shield when storm and tsunami attack

Breeding ground for

creature

II Real situation of mangrove forest and consequences and

impacts on environment

1 Real situation of mangrove

forests

According to UNEP, the mangroves forests are disappearing with rapid

speed: 20% of mangrove forests

worldwide in the world (about 35,500 km2) have been lost since 1980

The mangrove forests destruction

occurred more 4 times faster than any other kind of forest destruction

Under 7% of mangrove forest areas in the world is protected by law

The percentages of original mangroves forests lost per

The disappearance of mangrove

forests reduced to 0.7% out of a year now, but scientists insist that

mangrove forest is still being

seriously threatened

• In 1943, Viet Nam’s mangrove forest area was over 400,000 ha, decreased

to 290,000 ha until 1996 and

remained about 150,000 ha in 2006

hectares) per year

Some places as Ninh Hoa, Van Ninh (Khanh Hoa), over 200 ha of

mangrove forests was almost completely

disappeared

• Recently, the forest area has

increased but 37% (2005), but also the rate of primary forest remains at about 8% compared to 50% of the countries

in the region

•More countries are now recognizing the importance of mangroves forests and

making an efforts to conserve and better manage them

• Currently, many countries in the world and Viet Nam are trying to protect,

restore and preserve mangrove forest

• However, forest conservation measures to not really be effective, those which can not have effective measures in the economic development issues associated with

protecting the environment to sustainable development and the alleviation of poverty for coastal residents

• The true value of mangrove forests and

other wetland, which is significantly higher than other forest types, still estimated

lowly and much remain to be done reduce the rate of loss

• Loss of habitat, breeding grounds

and nurseries for many species of animals and plants in aquatic and

•Declining mangrove forest coverage, mangrove forest was divided and

scattered into many small part

• Ecological imbalance

 Soil environment

• Reduce silt deposition process for land

• The purpose of land use to other activities

to make degraded land, abandoned land incapable of cultivation and aquaculture,

or very slow recovery

• Soil environment contaminated due to

chemical processes alum increase in

large-scale, soil washed away due to rain

• Disappearing and degenerating mangrove forest lead to

desertification and barren land

• Land is degenerated seriously

Other consequences

warming

make increase the pressure on the

environment and sustainability of

aquatic farming systems for the

protection ecosystem mangrove forest

•Damage seriously in places where tidal

wave, whirlwind and hurricane occurred

• Coastal and estuarine erosion

III Causes and solutions

1 Causes

- Subjective causes

- Objective causes

2 Solutions

Objective causes

1 To be influence by

natural disasters: hurricanes,

floods, the Elnino phenomenon

3 Unstable ground,

as can the more liquid away, crops were swept away

by tidal waves

4 Consequences of

war

Subjective causes

people environment

1 conversion of land use purpose

-deforestation for aquaculture,

And agriculture services

Table IV.3 Correlation between the decline of mangrove forests and the expansion of the area where brackish water shrimp

in some provinces in 2002

provences natural

forest area

mangrove area

land shrimp proportion

of agricultural land

Ben Tre 231500 37397 34392 14,85%

Tra Vinh 222600 6002 30996 13,92%

Soc Trang 322300 9106 53000 12,54%

-deforestation for landspreading

2 Deforestation for other purposes

-deforestation for fuelwood

-deforestation taking ginseng

3 Management is not closely,

lack of coordination between the sea product and forest products

-the allocation of land and forests to aquaculture

- superior direct but inferior don’t make

or don’t realize

4 Population pressure

- Poor people’s awareness make a lot of action lead to Environmental pollution as soil, water consequence, trees and organism

in the forest die;

affecting the forest ecosystem

population growth deforestation to make a living

4 People do not have experience and techniques

of planting and forest protection

5 Some management make equivocal

-Waste water discharge containing toxic chemical from shrimp swamps to mangrove

To make dead trees and organism

Measures to protect mangrove

forests:

1 Education and raising awareness of people about the measures to protect mangroves forests.

HSBC employees Vietnam to participate in planting

mangove mangrove area in BinhDai district, Ben Tre

province (Photo provided by HSBC Vietnam)

Mangrove reforestation

in Thanh Hoa

2 Local planing and exploitation of aquaculture and seafood properly:

Sustainable development

of shrimp farming in Cuu Long River Delta

3 Rise awareness for managers and people about the role, big values of mangroves

forests:

4 a harmonious co-ordination between agencies:

PEMSEA:partnerships in Evironmental

The main purpose are:

• Raising public awareness and

understanding of coastal and marine

environmental and resource management issues and processes

• Utilization of science and traditional

knowledge in decision-making processes

• Mobilization of governments, civil society

and the private sector utilizing innovative communication methods

5 storage and maintenance of capital genes in mangroves trees, especially rare tree!!

some plants have been unraveling in

the system tree nurseries and are cared for

* Some species need to be preserved as

Chùm Lé- the only species in the mangroves Forest in Bac Lieu Viet Nam’s RED BOOK of endangered groups threatened by

reduction being distributed and where

environment especially mangrove

forests together

The members of group

• Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh

• Ngo Thi Huyen

• Tran Vu Diem Huyen

• Dao Thi Hue

• Nguyen Thi Hang

• Vu Thi Hanh

• Nguyen Thi Minh Trang

thanks