LÝ THUYẾT Khi đặt câu tiếng anh , ngoài việc sử dụng động từ đúng thì, thể thì hình thức của động từ còn tùy thuộc vào chủ ngữ là số ít hay số nhiều.. Ex: My aunt lives in Paris My a
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SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT
(SỰ HOÀ HỢP GIỮA CHỦ NGỮ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ)
PART A LÝ THUYẾT
Khi đặt câu tiếng anh , ngoài việc sử dụng động từ đúng thì, thể thì
hình thức của động từ còn tùy thuộc vào chủ ngữ là số ít hay số nhiều Vì nếu
chủ ngữ số ít thì phải đi với động từ số ít (Ngôi 3 số ít), và chủ ngữ số
nhiều đi cùng động từ số nhiều
Ex:
My aunt lives in Paris
( My aunt - là một người) nên động
từ “lives” chia ở ngôi 3 số ít
My parents live in Hai phong
(My parents – 2 người) nên động từ “live” chia
ở số nhiều
His car is very comfortable Her cats are so cute
Hung was not at school this morning The students were injected vaccination last week
Her grandfather has an ancient clock We have a lot of friends here
He doesn’t go to school on Sunday They don’t like to learn despite the coming exam
1 ĐỘNG TỪ LUÔN CHIA Ở SỐ ÍT(Vs) KHI CHỦ NGỮ LÀ MỘT
TRONG CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP SAU:
• Danh từ đếm được số ít làm chủ ngữ.
My brother plays football very well
The book I have bought is interesting
• Danh từ không đếm được làm chủ ngữ: water, salt, traffic, furniture,
progress, knowledge, music, nature, agriculture, equipment, garbage, luggage, homework, information, advice, love, health
( Tham khảo những danh từ đếm được (countable nouns) và danh từ không đếm được(uncountable nouns)
Ex: Water boils at 1000C
Traffic is busy in every city in Vietnam nowadays.
• Các đại từ bất định : everybody, anybody, anything, nobody, và either,
each
Ex: Nobody likes to be called a fool.
Somebody is calling you.
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Each of the members is working hard to win the award.
• Khi Ving, To V hoặc V làm chủ ngữ thì ĐT luôn chia ở số ít
Ex: To learn many languages is not easy as I thought
Sleeping in the forest was a frightening experience to me
• Chủ ngữ là một mệnh đề.
Ex: What he has said is nonsense
• Chủ ngữ là DT chỉ một số lượng, một khoản tiền, khoảng thời gian, một
khoảng cách
Ex: Two thousand dollars a month is not a bad salary for the job.
Forty miles is a long distance for the old man.
• Khi danh từ số nhiều là tên của một đối tượng, một đơn vị tập hợp
Ex: The Arabian Nights is my favourite book.
The United States of America is the richest country in the world.
A box of cigarettes contains 20 pipes The flock of birds is circling overhead.
• Một số DT trông hình thức như số nhiều ngụ ý là số ít: physics,
mathemetics, athletics, measles, mumps, news
Ex: Mathematics is my favourite subject.
The news is true.
2 ĐỘNG TỪ CHIA Ở SỐ NHIỀU (Vo) KHI CHỦ NGỮ LÀ:
• Những danh từ luôn ở số nhiều: glasses, pliers, clothes, trousers, shorts,
spectacles, people, cattle
Ex: Where are my sun glasses?
People here are very friendly.
• ‘Many’, ‘both’ ‘few’, and ‘several’ + N
Ex: Many people come to offer their prayer in the old shrine.
Many candidates were interviewed but only a few were selected Few realise the dignity of labour ( “few” có thể đứng 1 mình
không cần DT theo sau)
• The + Adjective ( Danh từ chỉ một loại, tầng lớp, một nhóm người) - Động
từ chia ở số nhiều
The rich pay more taxes than the poor
• Danh từ chỉ người nước nào:
The French are known for their fine ways of dining and
exquisite food
3 ĐỘNG TỪ CHIA Ở SỐ ÍT HOẶC SỐ NHIỀU:
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• Một số danh từ tập thể như: government, committe, club, team, family,
group, class, public, congress,
Thì cách chia động từ phải phụ thuộc vào nghĩa của câu
- Nếu chỉ hoạt động của tập thể thì động từ chia theo số ít.
Ex: The congress votes for the bill
The government has acted quickly (Oxford Grammar Finder)
Nhưng khi ám chỉ hoạt động của các thành viên trong nhóm thì động từ lại
được chia ở số nhiều :
The congress are discussing the bill (some agree but some don’t).
Nhưng: police luôn ở số nhiều :
Ex Police are searching for an escaping prisoner
• Khi 2 danh từ, đại từ nối với nhau bằng “and” thì động từ chia ở số nhiều
Ex: Oil and water do not mix
Ramesh and I were present in the meeting.
Note: Nhưng khi 2 DT số ít đề cập đến 1 ý kiến hay các DT được đề cập đến
là của 1 người thì động từ chia ở số ít
Ex: Time and tide waits for none.
My philosopher and guide is present in the meeting.
Bread and butter is my usual breakfast.
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and
wise.
- Hoặc trước mỗi danh từ có các từ: no, every, each, mặc dù được nối bằng and nhưng động từ vẫn chia ở số ít
Ex: Each girl and each boy has an apple
• Khi hai danh từ nối với nhau bằng các cụm từ: togethether with; along
with; accompanied by; as well as; WITH, ON; OF etc Thì động từ chia
theo chủ ngữ đứng trước (danh từ trước)
Ex: The poor man as well as his children is waiting outside.
The ship, with its crew, was destroyed in the storm.
The actrees, along with her manager and some friends, is going
to a party tonight.
• Khi 2 DT được nối với nhau bằng ‘or’, ‘either-or’, ‘neither-nor, not
only but also: ĐT chia theo chủ ngữ đứng sau
Ex: Either you or he has to take the responsibility.
Neither you nor I am to blame in the matter.
* Either và either là số ít nếu nó không được sử dụng với or và nor.
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If either of you takes a vacation now, we won’t be able to finish this work.
• Với các từ : all, most, a lot, some, half, none, remainder, percent(%),
fraction, + OF + NOUN
Hoặc với: No + NOUN Thì căn cứ vào danh từ sau nó để quyết định việc
chia động từ:
Fifty percent of the pie has disappeared ≠ Fifty percent of the pies have disappeared.
One-third of the city is unemployed ≠ One-third of the people are unemployed.
All my friends are Vietnamese; ≠ All the money has been spent
• Khi sử dụng “Here” và “there” làm chủ ngữ, - Động từ tuỳ thuộc vào
danh từ theo sau:
Ex: There are five people in my family
Here is my brother
• Khi sử dụng đại từ quan hệ, động từ phụ thuộc vào danh từ đứng trước ĐTQH
Ex: Salma is the scientist who writes the reports.
He is one of the men who do the work
• A number of = một số lớn những … nếu đi với danh từ số nhiều thì động
từ chia ở số nhiều
Ex: A number of students are going to the class picnic (a number of =
many)
• Nhưng the number of = Số lượng …(được coi là một tổng thể số ít), do
đó cho dù sau nó lμ một DT số nhiều thì động từ vẫn phải chia ở ngôi thứ 3
số ít
Ex: The number of days in a week is seven
• A couple + Động từ số ít
Ex: A couple lives in that house
• The couple + Động từ số nhiều
The couple are walking in the street
• The majority /minority + Động từ số ít
Ex: The majority believes that we are in no danger.
• The majority /minority of DTSN + Động từ số nhiều:
Ex: The majority of the students believe him to be innocent.
Note: Trên đây chỉ là một số cách phân biệt chủ ngữ số ít và số nhiều trong
chương trình phổ thông Học sinh cần tìm hiểu và tra cứu thêm.
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PART B BÀI TẬP
EXERCISE 1: Choose the best option.
1. The boys in the room is/are studying now
2. The study of languages is/are very interesting
3. The view of these disciplines vary/varies from time to time
4. The fear of rape and robbery has/have caused many people to flee the cities
5. John, along with 20 friends, is/are planning a party
6. The quality of these recordings is/are not very good
7. The effects of cigarette smoking has/have been proven to be extremely
harmful,
8. The use of credit cards in place of cash has/have increased rapidly in recent years
9. Advertisements on TV is/are becoming more and more competitive than ever before
10. The picture of the soldiers bring/brings back many memories
11. Several theories on this subject has/have been proposed
12. If either of you takes/take a vacation now, we won't able to finish the work
13. Anybody who has/have lost his ticket should report to the desk
14. No problem is/are harder to solve than this one
15. No examples is/are relevant to this case
16. Neither Ton nor his friends is/are going to the beach today
17. The danger of forest fires is/are not to be taken lightly
18. Mr Robbin, accompanied by his wife and children, is/are arriving tonight
19. Neither Bill nor Jane want/wants to leave
20. To overcome this matter is/ are not easy for her
21. Not study hard has/have caused us many problems
22. Learning English is/are not very easy
23. Dieting is/are very popular today
24. Living expenses in this country, as well as in many others, is/are at an all-time high
25. Writing many letters make/makes her happy
26. The crowd is/are overjoyed
27. The flock of birds is/are circling overhead
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28. A school of fish is/ is being attacked by sharks
29. How to use computer is/are a matter for adult
30. The number of days in a week is/are seven
31. My jeans is/are in the drawer
32. This pair of scissors is/are dull
33. There is/are a storm approaching
34. The majority believes/believe that we are in no danger
35. A number of students is/are going to the class picnic
36. Each student has/have answered three questions
37. Either you or she make/makes breakfast each morning
38. A pack of wild dogs has/have frightened all the ducks away
39. Every high school teacher has/have to take this exam
40. Neither Tom nor his parents has/have seen this film before
41. Twenty dollars is/are too much to pay for that shirt
42. Two miles is/are too much to run in one day in the morning
43. The majority of the students has/have got good marks in the exam
44. Getting up early is/are my good habit
45. None of the students has/have finished this exercise yet
46. The poor is/are often generous
47. I think the injured has/have just been taken to hospital
48. Fish and meat is/are good for our health
49. You and I is/are a good couple
50. The young has/have the future in their hands
51. The dog or the cats (is, are) outside
52. Either my shoes or your coat (is, are) always on the floor
53. George and Tamara (doesn't, don't) want to see that movie
54. Benito (doesn't, don't) know the answer
55. One of my sisters (is, are) going on a trip to France
56. Either answer (is, are) acceptable
57. Nobody (know, knows) the trouble I've seen
58. Mathematics (is, are) John's favorite subject, while Civics (is, are) Andrea's favorite subject
59. Eight dollars (is, are) the price of a movie these days
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60. Your pants (is, are) at the cleaner's
61. The committee (debates, debate) these questions carefully
62. The committee (leads, lead) very different lives in private
63. The Prime Minister, together with his wife, (greets, greet) the press cordially
64. All of the CDs, even the scratched one, (is, are) in this case
65. Every girl and boy in this room (know, knows) the answers
66. Half of the money (belong, belongs) to Mr Lam
67. The pilot along with his passengers (was, were) rescued last night
68. Two weeks (go) fast when you are on vacation
69. Annie and her brothers (is, are) at school
70. Either my mother or my father (is, are) coming to the meeting
71. The dog or the cats (is, are) outside
72. Either my shoes or your coat (is, are) always on the floor
73. George and Tamara (doesn't, don't) want to see that movie
74. Benito (doesn't, don't) know the answer
75. One of my sisters (is, are) going on a trip to France
76. The players, as well as the captain, (want, wants) to win
77. Either answer (is, are) acceptable
78. Every one of those books (is, are) fiction
79. Nobody (know, knows) the trouble I've seen
80. (Is, Are) the news on at five or six?
81. Civics (is, are) Andrea's favorite subject
82. Eight dollars (is, are) the price of a movie these days
83. (Is, Are) the tweezers in this drawer?
84. Your pants (is, are) at the cleaner's
85. There (was, were) fifteen candies in that bag Now there (is, are) only one left!
86. The committee (debates, debate) these questions carefully
87. The committee (leads, lead) very different lives in private
88. The Prime Minister, together with his wife, (greets, greet) the press cordially
89. All of the CDs, even the scratched one, (is, are) in this case
90. The man with his son (walk, walks) down my street.
91. One of the students (are, is) late
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92. Every girl and boy in this room (know, knows) the answers
93. A number of the students (fail) the exam every year
94. Half of the money (belong, belongs) to Mr Lam
95. The pilot along with his passengers (was, were) rescued last night
96. Two weeks (go) fast when you are on vacation
Exercise 2: Complete the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject
1 Many of the girls (wear) _white shirt
2 Three kilos of potatoes (make) _the basket heavier
3 Some of the tables in the classroom (be) _broken
4 What we need most (be) _books
5 The English (be) _proud and independent people
6 The United States (have) _a population of 250 million
7 There (not, be) _any letters in the mail for you today
8 Physics (seek) _to understand the mysteries of the physical world
9 Five hundred miles (be) _a long distance
10.She and her friends (be) _at the fair now
11.The boy or his friends (run) _every day
12.His friends or the boy (run) _every day
13.One of the boxes (be) _open
14.The people who listen to that music (be) _few
15.The team captain, as well as his players, (be) _anxious
16.The woman with all the dogs (walk) _down my street
17.Each of these hot dogs (be) _juicy
18.Everybody (know) _Mr Jones
19.Five dollars (be) _ a lot of money
20.Dollars (be) _ often used instead of rubles in Russia
21.Those trousers (be) _made of wool
22.There (be) _many questions
23.The team (run) _ during practice
24.The committee (decide) _ how to proceed
25.The family (have) _a long history
26.My family (have) _never been able to agree
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27.The President, accompanied by his wife, (be) _traveling to India 28.All of the books, including yours, (be) _in that box
29.The football team, including the goal keeper (be) _11 players 30.The news (be) _ on TV is very informative
31.The boy who won the two medals (be) _ friend of mine
32.The quality of the candies (be) _ poor
33.Gold, as well as platinum, (have) _recently risen in price
34.The books borrowed from the library (be) _ on my desk
35.Everyone in both cars (be) _ injured in the accident last night 36.In the middle of the room (be) _four chairs and a table
37.My mother together with her friends often (go) _ for a walk
38.Both the boss and his colleagues (be) _ robbed last night
39 Mathematics (have) _ always interested me
40.Twenty dollars (be) _ the price
41.Mary and john (be) _ going to play tennis tomorrow
42.Do you believe that the news (be) _ true?
43.A number of people (be) _ coming to my house tonight
44.Measles (be) _ children’s disease
45.Food (be) _ expensive nowadays
46.Many of the girls (wear) _white shirt
47.Three kilos of potatoes (make) _the basket heavier
48.Some of the tables in the classroom (be) _broken
49.What we need most (be) _books
50.The English (be) _proud and independent people
51.The United States (have) _a population of 250 million
52.There (not, be) _any letters in the mail for you today
53.Physics (seek) _to understand the mysteries of the physical world 54.Five hundred miles (be) _a long distance
55.She and her friends (be) _at the fair now
56.The boy or his friends (run) _every day
57.His friends or the boy (run) _every day
58.One of the boxes (be) _open
59.The people who listen to that music (be) _few
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60.The team captain, as well as his players, (be) _anxious
61.The book, including all the chapters in the first section, (be) _ boring
62.The woman with all the dogs (walk) _down my street
63.Each of these hot dogs (be) _juicy
64.Everybody (know) _Mr Jones
65.Either (be) _ correct
66.The news (be) _on at six
67.Five dollars (be) _ a lot of money
68.Dollars (be) _ often used instead of rubles in Russia
69.These scissors (be) _dull
70.Those trousers (be) _made of wool
71.There (be) _many questions
72.The team (run) _ during practice
73.The committee (decide) _ how to proceed
74.The family (have) _a long history
75.My family (have) _never been able to agree
76.The President, accompanied by his wife, (be) _traveling to India 77.All of the books, including yours, (be) _in that box
78.The football team, including the goal keeper (be) _11 players 79.The news (be) _ on TV is very informative
80.The boy who won the two medals (be) _ friend of mine
81.Bread and butter (be) _our daily food
82.The quality of the candies (be) _ poor
83.Gold, as well as platinum, (have) _recently risen in price
84.The books borrowed from the library (be) _ on my desk
85.Everyone in both cars (be) _ injured in the accident last night 86.In the middle of the room (be) _four chairs and a table
87.My mother together with her friends often (go) _ for a walk
88.Both the boss and his colleagues (be) _ robbed last night
89 Mathematics (have) _ always interested me
90 Twenty dollars (be) _ the price
91.Mary and john (be) _ going to play tennis tomorrow