Báo cáo CYANIDE AND CRIME

1.Characteristics: -Cyanide is a rapidly acting, potentially deadly chemical..  Chronic poisoning Sources: food, water, cigarette smoke  Exacerbated effects: dietary deficiencies in v

CYANIDE AND CRIME

TRAN THI HANH PHUCDINH THI HUONG

VU TUAN TAIGroup:

 I OVERVIEW

 II HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT

 III FAMOUS CASES

1.Characteristics:

-Cyanide is a rapidly acting, potentially deadly chemical

-Cyanide poisoning occurs very quickly, the central medulla paralyzed, the victim lost consciousness and cardiac arrest after only 1 to 2 minutes

-It is extremely toxic commonly traded floating in the market, especially in gold mining areas

HCN G 27.04 -13 26 807 0.94

NaCN S 49.01 564 1496 1 _

KCN S 65.12 635 _ _ _

Sol: soluble

Sl: slightly soluble

Compound Water Ethanol Ether

HCN Misc Sol Sol

NaCN Sol Sl Sl

KCN Sol Sl _

3 Toxicity

 Acute poisoning

 Headache, vertigo, weak and rapid pulse, vomiting

 Convulsions, falling, dilated pupils, weaker and more rapid pulse

 Irregular and slow heart beat, body temperature falls, cyanosis of the lips, face, and extremities, coma, bloody saliva flow from the mouth and death

 Chronic poisoning

 Sources: food, water, cigarette smoke

 Exacerbated effects: dietary deficiencies in vitamin B12, iodine, and sulphur amino acids

 low levels of cyanide: generally metabolised

 detoxification rate for humans is <0.001 mg/kg body weight per minute

D-R ASSESSMENT

 Inhalation

 Acute poisoning: 100 to 1,000 ppm

 Intermediate and chronic: 1 to 100 ppm HCN (50 ppm)

 Short-term (15-minute) exposure limit: 5.0 ppm

 Skin contact

 2.3 mg HCN/kg body weight: abraded skin

 100 mg HCN/kg body weight: intact skin

 Ingestion

 bamboo, sorghum, certain fruits, lima beans, cassava

 4.0 mg of HCN per kilogram of body weight

HOW YOU COULD BE EXPOSED TO CYANIDE

 By breathing air, drinking water, eating food, or touching soil that contains cyanide

 Cyanide enters water, soil, or air as a result of both natural processes and industrial activities In air, cyanide is present mainly as gaseous hydrogen cyanide

 Smoking cigarettes is probably one of the major sources of cyanide exposure for people who do not work in cyanide-related industries

1955, Haward & Hanzal, for chronic oral exposure

-LD50: 100mg/kg.day for dermal route

-LD50: 1.52mg/kg.day for oral route

 Cyanide has not been subjected to a complete standard battery of genotoxicity assays, although, overall, the available data indicate that cyanide is not genotoxic

 No adequate carcinogenicity studies of cyanide are available in animals or humans

 In a 2-year chronic study in rats, no evidence of tumorigenicity was observed (Howard and Hanzal, 1955)

III METABOLISM AND EXCRETE

Fig 1: Basic processes involved in the metabolism of cyanide (ATSDR, 1997)

 Figure 1: The effects of cyanide within the body Hydrogen cyanide gas (HCN) is inhaled and locks onto haemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying molecule in red blood cells (bottom right) It is then distributed via the bloodstream to cells throughout the body where it binds to an important metabolic enzyme called cytochrome oxidase (bottom left), preventing cells from using oxygen to produce energy In this way cyanide effectively chemically asphyxiates the body.

(Alexandra Lindsay- April 2006)

III FAMOUS CASES

 1 TYLENOL

Within 3 days of the fall of 1982, seven people in Chicago (USA) who died after taking Tylenol mixed with cyanide

Until now, FBI have not caught the culprit

 3 Le Thanh Van was dubbed “cyanide witches" From 1/1998 to 8/2001 Van damages killed 13 people and seized nearly 240 million With her crimes Le Thanh Van was Binh Duong Province People's Court sentenced to death for crimes: Murder, Robbery production and stockpiling and illegal use of poisons